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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : Ahmed M. Abdelrazek (검색결과 2 건)
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Engy M. Khalil,Farouk A. El-Fitiany,Mohammed A. Abourohiem,Ahmed M. Abdelrazek 대한토목학회 2024 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.28 No.1
For pressurized irrigation networks, the pump station is usually designed to guarantee the required operation head at all hydrants. Such a design usually results in a considerable waste of energy. Significant energy saving may be achieved by using booster pumps at critical hydrants. However, this will increase total capital cost and reduces the net economic benefit. A lot of research work has been carried out to minimize energy consumption, but no comprehensive economic study is available, which includes booster pumps. In the current study, an economic analysis of using a booster pump is carried out. Additional energy savings may be realized by dividing the hydrants into sectors. Four different scenarios are investigated. The proposed methodology is applied to a drip irrigation network at Kostol area, Egypt. The total capital cost increased by about 15.90%. However, this increase can be recovered in about five years through energy saving. Annual energy consumption is reduced by up to 35.6%. It is well understood that these results are constrained by temporal and spatial variations of field data. However, accumulated experience gained by similar studies for different networks and varying costs will provide valuable guidelines for the designers. Research may be extended to include additional operation and maintenance costs, water costs, and crop return value.
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Motlak, Moaaed,Barakat, Nasser A.M.,Akhtar, M. Shaheer,El-Deen, Ahmed G.,Obaid, M.,Kim, Cheol Sang,Khalil, Khalil Abdelrazek,Almajid, Abdulhakim A. Elsevier 2015 CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL -LAUSANNE- Vol.268 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>For DSSCs application, highly efficient photoelectrode based on nitrogen (N) and graphene oxide (GO) co-incorporated TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers were synthesized successfully by two simple successive methods; electrospinning followed by hydrothermal processes. The influence of the N and GO co-incorporation on the morphology, crystal structure and optical behavior of TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers were characterized by various advanced techniques. The results showed that the modified TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers exhibit higher conversion energy in comparison to the mono-incorporated and pristine TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers. Optical and electrochemical properties study indicated that, compared to other GO contents, the 0.5wt% GO content provides higher surface area, more active sites for the dye absorption, and numerous hot electron transport paths to the FTO substrate which consequently improves the cell performance. On the other hand, N atoms incorporation causes positive shift of the flat band potentials (<I>V</I> <SUB>fb</SUB>) which leads to fast electron transport in TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofiber films and inhibits the charge recombination rate of photon-generated electrons. Accordingly, TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers co-incorporated by nitrogen and GO (0.5wt%) exhibit the best performance as photoanode in the DSSC, the corresponding conversion efficiency was 5.72% compared to 4.52% and 1.54% in case of nitrogen-free 0.5wt% GO-incorporated and pristine TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers, respectively. Overall, this study introduces nitrogen and graphene oxide co-incorporation in the titanium oxide nanofibers as novel strategy for enhancing the solar-to-electrical energy conversion in the DSSCs.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Nitrogen and graphene oxide co-incorporated TiO<SUB>2</SUB> are introduced by simple methods. </LI> <LI> The introduced co-incorporated TiO<SUB>2</SUB> nanofibers reveal high efficiency; 5.72%. </LI> <LI> Co-incorporation leads to obtain high filling factor (FF=0.65). </LI> <LI> Co-incorporation has been used as novel strategy in the DSSCs. </LI> </UL> </P>
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