Strategy Implementation and Export Performance for an LDC’s Export Ventures

Agnes T. Banzon 한국무역연구원 2009 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.5 No.2

By positing that strategy implementation mediates the links among the firm’s environment, export marketing strategy and export performance, this study attempted to reconcile the competing explanations of export performance. Being theoretically rooted in the integration of the IO-based and resource-based theories analyzed within the framework of strategic management, the research approach enriches the context at which relevant factors are examined, encourages the integration of disciplines and evokes tolerance for methodological diversity. By using several measures of export performance simultaneously as criterion variables and employing structural equation modeling, the interrelationships among these performance measures were established. The importance of export sales relative to the other performance measures was highlighted. Irrespective of performance dimension, commitment to the export venture came out as a major determinant of export performance. A major finding of this study is the mediating role of strategy implementation in the environment-performance and strategy-performance relationships.

The Relationships between the Firm’s Internal and External Environment and Export Marketing Strategy of LDC Firms

Agnes T. Banzon 한국무역연구원 2010 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.6 No.1

This study explored the nature of the relationship between the firm’s internal and external environment and the export marketing strategy. The firm’s internal environment includes the firm and product characteristics while its external environment pertains to the technology intensiveness of the industry and export market attractiveness. Regression analysis showed the significance of product uniqueness, export customers’ product/brand familiarity, commitment to the export venture, extent of regulatory/non-tariff barriers, technology intensiveness of the industry, firm’s experience with the product and cultural acceptability as correlates of export marketing strategy.

Sustainable Competitive Advantage: The Relationships between Key Managerial Components and Export Performance

Agnes T. Banzon 한국무역연구원 2011 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.7 No.2

This paper explored the variations in the manager’s perception of the degree of the export venture’s achievement of important strategic objectives with respect to the level of achievement of key implementation tasks. The interaction between key managerial components (two tasks at a time) and export performance was evaluated by using three congruence models developed by Joyce et al. (1982). The one-way ANOVA was employed to evaluate the contrasts between the cell means in the 2 x 2 matrix and to identify the congruency model. All the interactions with the manager’s perceived achievement of strategic objectives as the dependent variable are highly significant. The majority (90.9%) of the interaction takes the form of effect congruency and supports the hypothesis that more is better. Only one combination, LEADERSHIP and BEST PRACTICE, displayed the substitute effect.

Feed Supply Sourcing Practices and Strategies of Commercial Swine Farms in the Philippines: Trade Insights and Implications

Noel Joy T,Orias,Jeanette Angeline B,Madamba,Loida E,Mojica,Agnes T,Banzon 한국무역연구원 2019 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.15 No.1

Purpose - Feeds comprise the majority of swine production expenses, and it has been the goal of livestock farmers to acquire feeds with the best value. This paper identified and analyzed the feed supply sourcing practices and strategies of commercial swine farms in a major hog-producing municipality in Bulacan, a province in the northern Philippines. Design/Methodology/Approach - Small, medium, and large commercial swine farms from Sta. Maria municipality in Bulacan province, 34 in all, were the study subjects. A descriptive method of inquiry/investigation was employed in the study using questionnaires in data gathering. Data was analyzed through mean, mode, frequency counts, and cross tabulation while a Chi-square Test of Independence and Cramer’s V were also used to scrutinize relationships between significant data results. Findings - Four feed supply sourcing strategies were identified in the study, namely (1) self-production of feeds (64.7% of the farms), (2) buying unbranded feeds (23.5%), (3) buying branded feeds only for piglets’ pre-starter and booster feeds while self-producing the rest (23.5%), and lastly, (4) buying feeds from commercial feed mills (11.8%). As the scale of an operation increases, self-production of feeds becomes more prominent due to its overall lower cost, while for farms with a smaller scale of operation, buying unbranded feeds is the more dominant practice due to its lower capital requirement and the relatively lower cost of unbranded feeds compared to those branded. Balance (quality and price) is the decision criterion mostly used by swine farms when choosing feed suppliers. Scale of operation, type of ownership, and years in operation are significant variables associated with the feed sourcing strategy used by commercial swine farms. Research Implications - Few studies focus on the feed supply sourcing of swine farms. Many of the recent studies focus on production, success factors, profitability, technologies, and new farming systems. This study addresses the feed supply sourcing research gap by focusing on the different practices and strategies pertaining to the feed supply sourcing of commercial swine farms. Such insights have crucial and strategic trade implications on the part of feed ingredient and feed suppliers in the country, and it defines specific opportunities for government support as well.

Buying Patterns and Consumer Preferences for Chicken Meat and Pork : The Philippine Scenario

Charisse Joyce T. Reyes,Nanette C. Abelilla-Aquino,Agnes T. Banzon,Dinah Pura T. Depositario,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba 한국무역연구원 2009 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.5 No.1

The global meat trade is tremendous (estimated at 100 million metric tons for pork alone in 2006) with poultry, beef and pork tagged as the three most important meat commodities. Differences in residential base, meat type and cut preferences, trade barriers and industry structure dictate specific meat trade flows among countries and regions. This paper analyzes the current buying patterns and preferences of consumers for poultry and pork in a diverse community in the Philippines, one of the emerging markets in Southeast Asia, through both descriptive and quantitative analyses. Socio-demographic, market-related and product-related variables were hypothesized to have an effect on consumer buying patterns and preferences for chicken and pork. Data was gathered from 182 households and covered both wet market and supermarket buyers. Those who bought from the wet markets did so because of the perceived freshness of meat, nearness of these markets to their residence, the constant availability of meat, and longer operating hours of the markets. On the other hand, supermarket buyers preferred to buy meat from supermarkets in view of assurance of safety, the adequacy of parking space, better cuts of meat and the availability and variety of meat products offered. Out of the variables tested quantitatively, only household income, educational attainment and prices of commodities were found to have a significant effect on consumer buying patterns. These variables were found to affect the quantity demanded, frequency of purchase and choice of marketplaces. Consumers with higher educational attainment consumed more chicken and pork compared to those with lower educational attainment. Households with higher income purchased and consumed higher volumes of chicken as well as pork and also purchased meat more frequently than those who belong to lower income groups. In addition, they usually buy from supermarkets than from wet markets. Lastly, an increase in meat prices was found to increase the probability of consumers buying chicken and pork from wet markets. Knowledge of Filipino household buying patterns and preferences could assist retailers, suppliers and producers of poultry and pork in promoting their products and devising strategies to ensure consumer loyalty and patronage.

Is the Agrochemical Industry Traversing the Organic Route? Insights and Directions for a Philippine Agrochemical Trading Company

Jane Keneth M. Mampusti,Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba,Agnes T. Banzon,Loida E. Mojica 한국무역연구원 2013 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.9 No.2

This paper explores the strengths, weaknesses, challenges and opportunities of a Philippine agrochemical trading company as it thrives within its broader macroenvironment. In an era of climate change adaptation and ailing global economies, agrochemical companies within the food chain face even greater barriers to survival and competitiveness. The study revealed that the agrochemical industry has made baby steps in encouraging farmers to adopt the natural or organic way of farming through the use of biopesticides and biofertilizers as a response to climate change but price-sensitive farmers appear indifferent to the use of biopesticides and biofertilizer and readily switch suppliers depending on product prices as well as the promotional activities done by agrochemical trading companies. These suggest that agrochemical usage will continue to dominate global agriculture in the next couple of years while biologicals in organic agriculture will account for a minimal percentage despite the trend toward sustainable agriculture. To be sustainable, it is suggested that agrochemical trading companies introduce new brands for each product type, formulate a customer retention strategy for its dealers and independent business partners and pursue a market penetration strategy to widen the customer base as they track their moves against a changing global agrochemical industry.

Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention and Behavior among the Indigenous Farming Community in Mountain Province, Philippines

Hanna A,Canillo,Jeanette Angeline B,Madamba,James Roldan S,Reyes,Normito R,Zapata,Jr,Agnes T,Banzon 한국무역연구원 2020 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.16 No.1

Purpose – With the shift of the Philippine economy towards an agribusiness-driven sector from mere production-oriented farming, indigenous people have been encouraged to engage in entrepreneurship as it is seen as a means to improve their socio-economic status and their community. This study attempted to fill the gap in indigenous entrepreneurship research as it delved on the factors influencing entrepreneurial intention and behavior in an indigenous rice farming community in the northern Philippines. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study assessed the factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention and behavior among indigenous rice farmers in Bun-ayan, Sabangan, Mountain Province, Philippines by analyzing the entrepreneurial indicators and predictors through correlation and multiple regression analysis of responses from 74 indigenous rice farmers. Findings – Among all the entrepreneurship predictors in this research, age, educational attainment, years in farming, occupation of the farmer’s father and mother, entrepreneurial inclination, entrepreneurial role model, entrepreneurial education, personal attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control were significantly related to entrepreneurial intention. Among the significant variables extracted from the correlation analysis, the following factors affecting entrepreneurial intention and behavior are age, father’s occupation and entrepreneurial inclination. Furthermore, it was found that socio-demographic factors and entrepreneurial inclination determine the intention of indigenous rice farmers to engage in entrepreneurial activities. The Theory of Planned Behavior indicators become insignificant when other predictors are incorporated with it. Research Implications – Though there is evidence of a high level of entrepreneurial intention among the indigenous farming community, challenges pertinent to culture preservation vis-a-vis the indigenous farming community’s capacity to translate such intention into entrepreneurial behavior need to be addressed.

An Analysis on the Market Potential of Cacao Charcoal Briquettes in Los Baños, Laguna, Philippines

Tisha-an Lyka J. Ambal,Arlene C. Gutierrez,Agnes T. Banzon,Loida E. Mojica The International Academy of Global Business and T 2017 The International Academy of Global Business and T Vol.13 No.2

Due to increasing cacao production in the Philippines, agricultural waste from chocolate production also increased. With this, the CocoaPhil Foundation developed cacao husks into new products, namely charcoal briquettes, to fully utilize cacao waste and provide an alternative to wood charcoal. The study aimed to analyze the market potential of cacao charcoal briquettes in Los Banos, Laguna. Specifically, it aimed to assess the potential demand and devise strategies for commercialization. A survey was conducted among 19 large-scale vendors, 41 small-scale vendors, and 50 household consumers. Focus group discussions, usage, an attitude and image study, price point analysis and product attribute ranking were used to assess the data. Results showed that there was a very low awareness level among all segments. Household consumers exhibited a higher level of willingness to purchase and use the product compared to the other two segments. The study revealed that the major factors affecting consumers’ decision were price and availability of the product. After evaluating the market potential of the product in Los Banos Laguna, it was concluded that there was potential for cacao charcoal briquettes, but to fully commercialize the product, positioning should be changed to better fit the market.

Entrepreneurial Inclination and Factors Affecting Entrepreneurial Intention Among Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSA) Students at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB)

Kenneth L. Medina(Kenneth L. Medina ),Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba(Jeanette Angeline B. Madamba ),James Roldan S. Reyes(James Roldan S. Reyes ),Agnes T. Banzon(Agnes T. Banzon ),Arlene C. Gutierrez(Ar 아시아무역학회 2022 Journal of Asia Trade and Business Vol.9 No.1

Purpose - Most studies on entrepreneurial intention were focused on developed countries. In developing and agriculture-based economies like the Philippines, there is limited entrepreneurial intention studies conducted among university students, who are potential entrepreneurs in the country. This study intends to bridge this gap by providing insights about the entrepreneurial inclination and entrepreneurial intention of Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (BSA) students at the University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB). Design/Methodology/Approach - Ajzen’s (1991) Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) was utilized to explore factors affecting the entrepreneurial intention of the BSA students. A total of 108 students were surveyed using an online questionnaire, and data analysis tools included Cronbach’s alpha, frequency analysis, chi-square, and binary logistic regression. Data analysis focused on each batch of students. Findings - The study found that Batch 2012 and below showed a greater number of students with high personal attitude, perceived behavioral control, and entrepreneurial intention. On the other hand, Batch 2015 students exhibited the lowest entrepreneurial intention. Generally, the respondents had high entrepreneurial intention; however, low perceived behavioral control or self-efficacy was also recorded. In terms of entrepreneurial inclination, all batches showed high inclination, except for Batch 2015, where the majority of the students did not have an entrepreneurial role model and had not taken an entrepreneurship course or subject. An equation model was constructed for Batch 2015 students, wherein personal attitude and subjective norm were found to be significant with intention. Research Implications - The study findings imply the need for certain colleges in UPLB to undertake strategies tailor-fit for addressing gaps in entrepreneurial inclination and intention for every batch.