http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Guidelines for planning and conducting high-quality research and testing on animals
Adrian J. Smith 한국실험동물학회 2020 Laboratory Animal Research Vol.36 No.3
There are important scientific, legal and ethical reasons for optimising the quality of animal research and testing. Concerns about the reproducibility and translatability of animal studies are now being voiced not only by those opposed to animal use, but also by scientists themselves. Many of the attempts to improve reproducibility have, until recently, focused on ways in which the reporting of animal studies can be improved. Many reporting guidelines have been written. Better reporting cannot, however, improve the quality of work that has already been carried out - for this purpose better planning is required. Planning animal studies should involve close collaboration with the animal facility where the work is to be performed, from as early a stage as possible. In this way, weaknesses in the protocol will be detected and changes can be made before it is too late. Improved planning must focus on more than the “mathematical” elements of experimental design such as randomisation, blinding and statistical methods. This should include focus on practical details such as the standard of the facility, any need for education and training, and all the factors which can improve animal welfare. The PREPARE (Planning Research and Experimental Procedures on Animals: Recommendations for Excellence) checklist was developed to help scientists be more aware of all the issues which may affect their experiments. The checklist is supported by comprehensive webpages containing more information, with links to the latest resources that have been developed for each topic on the list.
A 6-Point TACS Score Predicts In-Hospital Mortality Following Total Anterior Circulation Stroke
Adrian D Wood,Nicholas D Gollop,Joao H Bettencourt-Silva,Allan B Clark,Anthony K Metcalf,Kristian M Bowles,Marcus D Flather,John F Potter,Phyo Kyaw Myinta 대한신경과학회 2016 Journal of Clinical Neurology Vol.12 No.4
Background and Purpose Little is known about the factors associated with in-hospital mortality following total anterior circulation stroke (TACS). We examined the characteristics and comorbidity data for TACS patients in relation to in-hospital mortality with the aim of developing a simple clinical rule for predicting the acute mortality outcome in TACS. Methods A routine data registry of one regional hospital in the UK was analyzed. The sub¬jects were 2,971 stroke patients with TACS (82% ischemic; median age=81 years, interquar¬tile age range=74–86 years) admitted between 1996 and 2012. Uni- and multivariate regres¬sion models were used to estimate in-hospital mortality odds ratios for the study covariates. A 6-point TACS scoring system was developed from regression analyses to predict in-hospi¬tal mortality as the outcome. Results Factors associated with in-hospital mortality of TACS were male sex [adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.19], age (AOR=4.96 for ≥85 years vs. <65 years), hemorrhagic subtype (AOR=1.70), nonlateralization (AOR=1.75), prestroke disability (AOR=1.73 for moderate disability vs. no symptoms), and congestive heart failure (CHF) (AOR=1.61). Risk stratifica¬tion using the 6-point TACS Score [T=type (hemorrhage=1 point) and territory (nonlateral¬ization=1 point), A=age (65–84 years=1 point, ≥85 years=2 points), C=CHF (if present=1 point), S=status before stroke (prestroke modified Rankin Scale score of 4 or 5=1 point)] reli-ably predicted a mortality outcome: score=0, 29.4% mortality; score=1, 46.2% mortality [negative predictive value (NPV)=70.6%, positive predictive value (PPV)=46.2%]; score=2, 64.1% mortality (NPV=70.6, PPV=64.1%); score=3, 73.7% mortality (NPV=70.6%, PPV=73.7%); and score=4 or 5, 81.2% mortality (NPV=70.6%, PPV=81.2%). Conclusions We have identified the key determinants of in-hospital mortality following TACS and derived a 6-point TACS Score that can be used to predict the prognosis of particular patients.
Storage of High-Strength Steel Flux-Cored Welding Wires in Urbanized Areas
Adrian Wolski,Aleksandra Świerczyńska,Grzegorz Lentka,Dariusz Fydrych 한국정밀공학회 2024 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.11 No.1
The condition of the consumables is a key factor determining the waste reduction in the welding processes and the quality of the welded joint. The paper presents the results of tests of four types of flux-cored wires dedicated for welding high-strength steels, stored for 1 month and 6 months in Poland in two urbanized areas: in a large seaside city (Gdańsk) and in Warsaw, located in the center of the country. The wires were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic (stereoscopic, SEM) observations, EDS analysis, technological tests assessing elastic properties and targetability. The degree of degradation of the wires was also tested using resistance measurements. In order to assess the effect of storing wires on the weldability of steel, the diffusible hydrogen content in deposited metal was determined by high-temperature extraction. It was found that the storage caused changes in the surface condition of the wires, affected their elasticity and electrical properties, which affects the behavior of the wires during welding. A significant influence of storage conditions on the hydrogenation of deposited metal was found: in the case of three types of wires, the level of low hydrogen processes was exceeded and the maximum result was 15.18 ml/100 g of deposited metal. It was also found that copper-plated wire showed a significantly increased resistance to storage conditions compared to non-copper-plated wires.
Mergers and Acquisitions in Hawai`i: Potential Obstacles for Asia-based Investors
( Adrian Catalan ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2016 The Asian Business Lawyer Vol.17 No.-
This Article provides a holistic analysis of Hawai``i’s legal, institutional, and financial preparedness for international investment in the form of Mergers and Acquisitions (“M&As”). M&As are the investment vehicle of choice in Asia and present a complex and significant opportunity for the U.S., as Asian investors look further at North America for strategic alliances and global trade. Using Hawai’i as a case study to analyze the feasibility of M&A investment in the U.S., the Article proposes the development of a central state foreign investor agency to navigate local legislation, economic environment, and infrastructure. The Article drives new legal examination of M&As through a uniqueness of argument and interdisciplinary approach in outlining a broad framework for assessing a state’s international investment readiness. As a gateway to the U.S., Hawai``i serves as an effective lens in analyzing preliminary observations and identifying potential problems that could arise in state cross-border linkages. In an age of M&As, being able to map for foreign investors the state business landscape offers a powerful tool in determining the worthwhileness of the investment recipient.
An Integrated Business Service Management Model with Security Approaches
Adrian Stoica1,김태훈 보안공학연구지원센터 2008 보안공학연구논문지 Vol.5 No.2
In this paper a structure of business service management integrated with security management is offered. Our integrated Busines Service Management (BSM) model with security approach is the hierarchy of data management in any growing business. It creates a logical flow of data from its inception into the organization through the management levels. Thus, allowing for proactive business decisions to be made on a consistent basis. The end result is an increase in both corporate flexibility and profitability. It encompasses the process and use of Customer Data Management, Customer Relationship Management, Enterprise Resource Planning and Business Insurance all supported by a robust Service Desk.