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Achim Elfering,Christin Gerhardt,Simone Grebner,Urs Müller 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2017 Safety and health at work Vol.8 No.1
Background: Conservation of resources theory assumes loss of resources as a cause of job strain. In hospital work, conflicts with supervisors are tested to predict lower resources, that is, supervisory social support, participation possibilities, and appreciation. All three resources are expected to predict, in turn, experienced stress (job strain) and lower job satisfaction, lower affective commitment, and a higher resigned attitude towards the job (job attitudes). Methods: The sample included 1,073 employees from 14 Swiss hospitals (n ¼ 604 nurses, n ¼ 81 physicians, n ¼ 135 medical therapists, and n ¼ 253 technical and administrative staff). Of the total sample, 83.1% were female and 38.9% worked full-time. The median tenure was between 7 years and 10 years. Constructs were assessed by online questionnaires. Structural equation modeling was used to test mediation. Results: Structural equation modeling confirmed the negative association of conflict with supervisors and job resources. Tests of indirect paths to resources as a link between conflicts with supervisors and job attitudes were significant. For nurses, social support, participation and appreciation showed a significant indirect path, while among medical technicians the indirect paths included social support and appreciation, and among physicians only appreciation showed a significant indirect path. In medical therapists no indirect path was significant. Job resources did not mediate the link between conflict with supervisors and stress in any occupational group. Conclusion: Conflicts with supervisors are likely to reduce job resources and in turn to lower job attitudes. Work design in hospitals should, therefore, address interpersonal working conditions and conflict management in leadership development.
Achim Elfering,Sibille Arnold,Volker Schade,Christian Burger,Lorenz Radlinger 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2013 Safety and health at work Vol.4 No.3
Background: Stochastic resonance whole-body vibration training (SR-WBV) was tested to reduce workrelated musculoskeletal complaints. Methods: Participants were 54 white-collar employees of a Swiss organization. The controlled crossover design comprised two groups each given 4 weeks of exercise and no training during a second 4-week period. Outcome was daily musculoskeletal well-being, musculoskeletal pain, and surefootedness. In addition, participants performed a behavioral test on body balance prior to when SR-WBV started and after 4 weeks of SR-WBV. Results: Across the 4-week training period, musculoskeletal well-being and surefootedness were significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas musculoskeletal pain was significantly reduced only in those who reported low back pain during the last 4 weeks prior to the study (p < 0.05). Body balance was significantly increased by SR-WBV (p < 0.05). Conclusion: SR-WBV seems to be an efficient option in primary prevention of musculoskeletal complaints and falls at work.
School Affiliation of the Abhidharmasamuccaya in the Light of Tibetan Scholasticism
Achim Bayer(아킴 바이어) 보조사상연구원 2011 보조사상 Vol.36 No.-
불교사를 다루는 티벳 문헌들은 아상가가 살았던 시기에 불교가 여러 분파로 나뉘었고, 아울러 Mah?y?na의 세력은 약했다고 전하고 있다. 아상가는 불교를 재결합시켰고 또 Mah?y?na를 강화시켰다. Abhidharmasamuccaya는 “공승(共乘, common vehicle)”의 강요서 분류된다. 왜냐하면 이 문헌은 삼승을 모두 취급하고 있기 때문이다. 또한 AS는 Abhidharma의 난해한 논제들에 대한 언급을 자제하고 있으며 Mah?y?na 경전군들을 인용하지 않고 있다. 따라서 논자는 이 문헌이 대 승원의 강의에서, 서로 다른 전통을 가진 수행승들이 함께 모여 연구할 수 있도록 하기 위해서 저술된 것이라고 생각한다. Traditional Tibetan historiography views Asa?ga as an integrative figure who reunites Buddhism at a point when it is split into rivalling sects and who resuscitates the Mah?y?na in a time of weakness. In this paper, I point to some passages of his Abhidharmasamuccaya in which he treats controversial topics in a non-controversial manner, avoiding peculiar Abhidharma doctrines or quotations from Mah?y?na s?tras. Even though Asa?ga propounds the highly innovative ?layavij??na, its mention is strictly limited to the first section of the Abhidharmasamuccaya, a section which seems to be specifically addressed to a target group ready to accept this doctrine. Tibetan doxography classifies the Abhidharmasamuccaya as a work of the “common vehicle” (theg pa thun mong) covering not exclusively the Mah?y?na but all three Vehicles. I suggest that the sections of the Abhidharmasamuccaya were probably written for classes in larger monasteries where monks from different regions and lineages came together, often without a clear “y?na” affiliation. The designation “common vehicle” probably reflects this situation remotely.
Workflow Interruptions and Failed Action Regulation in Surgery Personnel
Achim Elfering,Marina Nützi,Patricia Koch,Heiner Baur 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2014 Safety and health at work Vol.5 No.1
BackgroundWorkflow interruptions during surgery may cause a threat to patient's safety. Workflow interruptions were tested to predict failure in action regulation that in turn predicts near-accidents in surgery and related health care. MethodsOne-hundred-and-thirty-three theater nurses and physicians from eight Swiss hospitals participated in a cross-sectional questionnaire survey. The study participation rate was 43%. ResultsStructural equation modeling confirmed an indirect path from workflow interruptions through cognitive failure in action regulation on near-accidents (p < 0.05). The indirect path was stronger for workflow interruptions by malfunctions and task organizational blockages compared with workflow interruptions that were caused by persons. The indirect path remained meaningful when individual differences in conscientiousness and compliance with safety regulations were controlled. ConclusionTask interruptions caused by malfunction and organizational constraints are likely to trigger errors in surgery. Work redesign is recommended to reduce workflow interruptions by malfunction and regulatory constraints.
Achim Elfering,Maria U. Kottwitz,Evelyne Häfliger,Zehra Celik,Simone Grebner 한국산업안전보건공단 산업안전보건연구원 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.4
Background: In industrial countries, home care of community dwelling elderly people is rapidly growing. Frequent injuries in home caregivers result from slips, trips, and falls (STFs). The current study tests attentional cognitive failure to mediate the association between work stressors and STFs. Methods: A sample of 125 home caregivers participated in a questionnaire study and reported work interruptions, unreasonable tasks, quality-threatening time pressure, conscientiousness, attentional cognitive failures, and STFs. Results: In structural equation modeling, the mediation model was shown to fit empirical data. Indirect paths with attentional cognitive failures as the link between work stressors and STF were all significant in bootstrapping tests. An alternative accident-prone person model, that suggests individual differences in conscientiousness to predict attentional cognitive failures that predict more frequent work stressors and STFs, showed no significant paths between work conditions and STFs. Conclusion: To prevent occupational injury, work should be redesigned to reduce work interruptions, unreasonable tasks, and quality-threatening time pressure in home care.