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Effect of cooling time on the vapor liquid solid based growth of gold-catalyzed bismuth nanorods
Acharya, S.K.,Rai, A.K.,Kim, G.S.,Hyung, J.H.,Ahn, B.G.,Lee, S.K. North-Holland 2012 Physica E, Low-dimensional systems & nanostructure Vol.44 No.4
Deposition of single crystalline bismuth nanorods (Bi NRs) using a thermal evaporation method through vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) mechanism is reported here and the effect of sample cooling time on the growth of Bi NRs is investigated. Deposited Bi NRs have diameters varying from 100 to 400nm and lengths extending to ∼3μm in the (012) growth direction. Morphological observation indicated that the length and density of Bi NRs are strongly coupled with prolonged cooling time. A growth mechanism is suggested and discussed to describe the growth of single crystalline Bi NRs based on the morphological observations as a function of cooling temperature and time.
GUNS AND BUTTER : WHY DO HUMAN SECURITY AND TRADITIONAL SECURITY CO-EXIST IN ASIA?
Acharya, Amitav 연세대학교 동서문제연구원 2003 Global economic review Vol.32 No.3
This paper examines the concept of human security as it applies to Asia, in challenging the dominance of the national security paradigm in Asia. To understand the concept of human security, we may combine the interdependent understandings of freedom from fear, freedom from want, and freedom from suffering in times of conflict. To make the distinction between human security and national security, we may highlight the following three important questions: whose security, security against what, and security in which areas.
Acharya Himadri,Srivastava Suneel K. The Polymer Society of Korea 2006 Macromolecular Research Vol.14 No.2
The dispersion of organoclay in ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) matrix was correlated with the rheological and swelling properties of nanocomposites. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) and transmission electron microscopic (TEM) analysis exhibited the disordered-intercalated structure of EPDM/organoclay nanocomposite. The extent of the disordered phase increased with increasing organoclay content up to a limiting value of 3 wt% after which equilibrium tended towards intercalation. The dispersion effect of organoclay in EPDM matrix was clarified by the physicochemical properties like rheological response and swelling thermodynamics in toluene. The increase in viscoelastic properties of EPDM nanocomposite with increasing organoclay content up to 3 wt%, followed by a subsequent decrease up to 4 wt%, was correlated in terms of the disordered and ordered states of the dispersed nano-clay sheets. Swelling measurements revealed that the change in entropy of the swelling increased with the increase in disorder level but decreased with the increase in intercalation level of organoclay in the disordered-intercalated nanocomposite. The increase in solvent uptake was comparable with the free volume in EPDM matrix upon inclusion of silicate particles, whereas the inhibition in solvent uptake for higher organoclay loading was described by bridging flocculation.
Acharya, S.,Adamová,, D.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Rinella, G. Aglieri,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahn, S. U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S. N.,Albuquerque, D. S. D.,Aleksandrov, D.,Al Springer 2017 European Physical Journal C Vol.77 No.5
<P>The invariant differential cross sections for inclusive [FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION] mesons at midrapidity were measured in pp collisions at [FORMULA OMISSION] TeV for transverse momenta [FORMULA OMISSION] GeV/<I>c</I> and [FORMULA OMISSION] GeV/<I>c</I>, respectively, using the ALICE detector. This large range in [FORMULA OMISSION] was achieved by combining various analysis techniques and different triggers involving the electromagnetic calorimeter (EMCal). In particular, a new single-cluster, shower-shape based method was developed for the identification of high-[FORMULA OMISSION] neutral pions, which exploits that the showers originating from their decay photons overlap in the EMCal. Above 4 GeV/[FORMULA OMISSION], the measured cross sections are found to exhibit a similar power-law behavior with an exponent of about 6.3. Next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations differ from the measured cross sections by about 30% for the [FORMULA OMISSION], and between 30–50% for the [FORMULA OMISSION] meson, while generator-level simulations with PYTHIA 8.2 describe the data to better than 10–30%, except at [FORMULA OMISSION] GeV/[FORMULA OMISSION]. The new data can therefore be used to further improve the theoretical description of [FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION] meson production.</P>
Acharya, S.,Adamová,, D.,Aggarwal, M. M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahn, S. U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S. N.,Albuquerque, D. S. D.,Aleksandrov, D.,Al Springer 2017 European Physical Journal C Vol.77 No.6
<P>We present results on transverse momentum ([FORMULA OMISSION]) and rapidity ([FORMULA OMISSION]) differential production cross sections, mean transverse momentum and mean transverse momentum square of inclusive [FORMULA OMISSION] and [FORMULA OMISSION] at forward rapidity ([FORMULA OMISSION]) as well as [FORMULA OMISSION]-to-[FORMULA OMISSION] cross section ratios. These quantities are measured in pp collisions at center of mass energies [FORMULA OMISSION] and 13 TeV with the ALICE detector. Both charmonium states are reconstructed in the dimuon decay channel, using the muon spectrometer. A comprehensive comparison to inclusive charmonium cross sections measured at [FORMULA OMISSION], 7 and 8 TeV is performed. A comparison to non-relativistic quantum chromodynamics and fixed-order next-to-leading logarithm calculations, which describe prompt and non-prompt charmonium production respectively, is also presented. A good description of the data is obtained over the full [FORMULA OMISSION] range, provided that both contributions are summed. In particular, it is found that for [FORMULA OMISSION] GeV/<I>c</I> the non-prompt contribution reaches up to 50% of the total charmonium yield.</P>
Acharya, Tri Dev,Yang, In Tae,Lee, Dong Ha MYU K.K. 2018 Sensors and materials Vol.30 No.8
<P>With over four decades spent collecting spaceborne moderate-resolution imagery, Landsat represents the longest remote sensing mission in the world, and has had various applications. Land cover mapping is its heritage for research around the world. Landsat 8 continues the legacy of previous Landsat systems, with a new Operational Land Imager (OLI) sensor that has high spectral resolution and improved signal-to-noise ratio for better characterization of land cover. With improved quality, data size also increases. Hence, with limited research in adjusting data size, it is necessary to explore robust land cover classification techniques that produce accurate maps with more or fewer inputs. The Optimum Index Factor (OIF) is a statistic value that can be used to select the optimum combination of three bands in a satellite image that has the highest amount of information. In this study, we explore the land cover classification of OLI imagery based on OIF. Two test sites were selected around the hilly regions of Korea for OLI original composite, first-rank OIF composite, and OLI original with sum derivative of top-three OIF ranked composites. These three composites were classified with the well-known Spectral Angle Mapper (SAM) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifiers. The results were then analyzed and compared on the basis of producer accuracy, user accuracy, overall accuracy, and kappa coefficient. The result shows that the first-ranked OIF with a three-band composite shows a similar classification accuracy in SVM and slightly less in SAM, while the ten-band composite with OLI original bands and the sum derivative of the top-three OIF rank shows the same result or a small improvement in SVM classification. OIF-derivative composites can be useful in classification problems depending on whether the minimum amount of data for a similar result or more data to achieve higher accuracy is preferred.</P>
Linear and non-linear flow mode in Pb–Pb collisions at <sub> s NN </sub> = 2.76 TeV
Acharya, S.,Adamová,, D.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahmad, N.,Ahn, S.U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Alam, S.N.,Alba, J.L.B.,Albuquerque, D.S North-Holland Pub. Co 2017 Physics letters. Section B Vol.773 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The second and the third order anisotropic flow, <SUB> V 2 </SUB> and <SUB> V 3 </SUB> , are mostly determined by the corresponding initial spatial anisotropy coefficients, <SUB> ε 2 </SUB> and <SUB> ε 3 </SUB> , in the initial density distribution. In addition to their dependence on the same order initial anisotropy coefficient, higher order anisotropic flow, <SUB> V n </SUB> ( n > 3 ), can also have a significant contribution from lower order initial anisotropy coefficients, which leads to mode-coupling effects. In this Letter we investigate the linear and non-linear modes in higher order anisotropic flow <SUB> V n </SUB> for n = 4 , 5, 6 with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are done for particles in the pseudorapidity range | η | < 0.8 and the transverse momentum range 0.2 < <SUB> p T </SUB> < 5.0 GeV / c as a function of collision centrality. The results are compared with theoretical calculations and provide important constraints on the initial conditions, including initial spatial geometry and its fluctuations, as well as the ratio of the shear viscosity to entropy density of the produced system.</P>
ϒ suppression at forward rapidity in Pb–Pb collisions at <sub> s NN </sub> = 5.02 TeV
Acharya, S.,Acosta, F.T.,Adamová,, D.,Adolfsson, J.,Aggarwal, M.M.,Aglieri Rinella, G.,Agnello, M.,Agrawal, N.,Ahammed, Z.,Ahn, S.U.,Aiola, S.,Akindinov, A.,Al-Turany, M.,Alam, S.N.,Albuquerque, Elsevier 2019 Physics letters: B Vol.790 No.-
<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Inclusive ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) production have been measured in Pb–Pb collisions at the centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon pair <SUB> s NN </SUB> = 5.02 TeV, using the ALICE detector at the CERN LHC. The ϒ mesons are reconstructed in the centre-of-mass rapidity interval 2.5 < y < 4 and in the transverse-momentum range <SUB> p T </SUB> < 15 GeV/<I>c</I>, via their decays to muon pairs. In this Letter, we present results on the inclusive ϒ(1S) nuclear modification factor <SUB> R AA </SUB> as a function of collision centrality, transverse momentum and rapidity. The ϒ(1S) and ϒ(2S) <SUB> R AA </SUB> , integrated over the centrality range 0–90%, are 0.37 ± 0.02 ( stat ) ± 0.03 ( syst ) and 0.10 ± 0.04 ( stat ) ± 0.02 ( syst ) , respectively, leading to a ratio R AA ϒ ( 2S ) / R AA ϒ ( 1S ) of 0.28 ± 0.12 (stat) ± 0.06 (syst) . The observed ϒ(1S) suppression increases with the centrality of the collision and no significant variation is observed as a function of transverse momentum and rapidity.</P>