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Carren M. Bosire,Tsegaye Deyou,Jacques M. Kabaru,DennisM. Kimata,Abiy Yenesew 한국응용곤충학회 2014 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.17 No.3
The dichloromethane/methanol (1:1) extract of the stem bark of Millettia usaramensis subspecies usaramensiswas tested for its larvicidal activity against the 4th instar Aedes aegypti larvae and demonstrated activity withLC50 value of 50.8±0.06 μg/mL at 48 h. Compounds isolated from the extractwere also tested for their larvicidalactivities, and the rotenoid usararotenoid-A (LC50 4.3 ± 0.8 μg/mL at 48 h) was identified as the most activeprinciple. This compound appears to be the first rotenoid having a trans-B/C ring junction and methylenedioxygroup at C-2/C-3 with high larvicidal activity. Related rotenoids with the same configuration at the B/C-ringjunction did not show significant activity at 100 μg/mL.
Magrate M. Kaigongi,Catherine W. Lukhoba,Fredrick M. Musila,Malcolm Taylor,Regina W. Mbugua,Joseph Githiomi,Abiy Yenesew,Nokwanda P. Makunga 경희대학교 융합한의과학연구소 2023 Oriental Pharmacy and Experimental Medicine Vol.23 No.3
Zanthoxylum species are credited with various uses in ethnomedicine due to their rich metabolite composition. In Kenya, these include management of cancer and microbial related ailments. However, there are limited reports showing how the bioactivity of Kenyan Zanthoxylum species is linked to their phytochemical profiles. This study therefore aimed at examining the chemical variation among five Zanthoxylum species found in Kenya (Z. chalybeum, Z. gilletii, Z. holtzianum, Z. paracanthum and Z. usambarense) using metabolomics approaches and the anti-oxidant and antimicrobial activities of these species. In a Folin–Ciocalteu test, the phenolic content of the stem bark extracts of these species were 73.083–145.272 mg TAE/g, while the alkaloids (in bromothymol blue chromogenic test) and flavonoids (in aluminium chloride test) were found to be 152.39–207.19 mg ME/g, and 109.416–186.413 mg CE/g, respectively. These extracts also exerted strong antioxidant activities in the 2,2-iphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric ion reducing antioxidant power assays. In a broth dilution assay, the extract of the stem bark of Z. holtzianum ability showed the highest antimicrobial activity, followed by Z. chalybeum stem bark extract. The activities were positively correlated to both flavonoids and alkaloids concentrations, while the concentration of phenolics had weak negative correlation to antimicrobial activities. A chemometric analysis of the liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry profiles led to grouping of the species into three clusters. This study illustrates the variation in the bioactivity of Zanthoxylum species based on metabolite composition and justifies the wide usage of Zanthoxylum species in Kenyan traditional medicinal practices.