Nano-Micelle of Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil Triggers Mitochondrial Cancer Cell Apoptosis

Abd-Rabou, Ahmed A,Zoheir, Khairy M A,Kishta, Mohamed S,Shalby, Aziza B,Ezzo, Mohamed I Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.11

Cancer, a worldwide epidemic disease with diverse origins, involves abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade other parts of the body. Globally, it is the main cause of mortality and morbidity. To overcome the drawbacks of the commercially available chemotherapies, natural products-loaded nano-composites are recommended to improve cancer targetability and decrease the harmful impact on normal cells. This study aimed at exploring the anti-cancer impacts of Moringa oleifera seed oil in its free- (MO) and nano-formulations (MOn) through studying whether it mechanistically promotes mitochondrial apoptosis-mediating cell death. Mitochondrial-based cytotoxicity and flow cytometric-based apoptosis analyses were performed on cancer HepG2, MCF7, HCT 116, and Caco-2 cell lines against normal kidney BHK-21 cell line. The present study resulted that MOn triggered colorectal cancer Caco-2 and HCT 116 cytotoxicity via mitochondrial dysfunction more powerful than its free counterpart (MO). On the other side, MOn and MO remarkably induces HCT 116 mitochondrial apoptosis, while sparing normal BHK-21 cells with minimal cytotoxic effect. The present results concluded that nano-micelle of Moringa oleifera seed oil (MOn) can provide a novel therapeutic approach for colorectal and breast cancers via mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis, while sparing normal and even liver cancer cells a bit healthy or with minimal harmful effect. Intriguingly, MOn induced breast cancer not hepatocellular carcinoma cell death.

Phytochemical Analysis and Anti-cancer Investigation of Boswellia Serrata Bioactive Constituents In Vitro

Ahmed, Hanaa H,Abd-Rabou, Ahmed A,Hassan, Amal Z,Kotob, Soheir E Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.16

Cancer is a major health obstacle around the world, with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and colorectal cancer (CRC) as major causes of morbidity and mortality. Nowadays, there isgrowing interest in the therapeutic use of natural products for HCC and CRC, owing to the anticancer activity of their bioactive constituents. Boswellia serrata oleo gum resin has long been used in Ayurvedic and traditional Chinese medicine to alleviate a variety of health problems such as inflammatory and arthritic diseases. The current study aimed to identify and explore the in vitro anticancer effect of B. Serrata bioactive constituents on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines. Phytochemical analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Oleo-gum-resin of B. Serrata was then successively extracted with petroleum ether (extract 1) and methanol (extract 2). Gas-liquid chromatography (GLC) analysis of the lipoidal matter was also performed. In addition, a methanol extract of B. Serrata oleo gum resin was phytochemically studied using column chromatography (CC) and thin layer chromatography (TLC) to obtain four fractions (I, II, III and IV). Sephadex columns were used to isolate ${\beta}$-boswellic acid and identification of the pure compound was done using UV, mass spectra, $^1H$ NMR and $^{13}C$ NMR analysis. Total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo-gum resin were subsequently applied to HCC cells (HepG2 cell line) and CRC cells (HCT 116 cell line) to assess their cytotoxic effects. GLC analysis of the lipoidal matter resulted in identification of tricosane (75.32%) as a major compound with the presence of cholesterol, stigmasterol and ${\beta}$-sitosterol. Twenty two fatty acids were identified of which saturated fatty acids represented 25.6% and unsaturated fatty acids 74.4% of the total saponifiable fraction. GC/MS analysis of three chromatographic fractions (I,II and III) of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of pent-2-ene-1,4-dione, 2-methyl- levulinic acid methyl ester, 3,5- dimethyl- 1-hexane, methyl-1-methylpentadecanoate, 1,1- dimethoxy cyclohexane, 1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)benzene and 17a-hydroxy-17a-cyano, preg-4-en-3-one. GC/MS analysis of volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin revealed the presence of sabinene (19.11%), terpinen-4-ol (14.64%) and terpinyl acetate (13.01%) as major constituents. The anti-cancer effect of two extracts (1 and 2) and four fractions (I, II, III and IV) as well as volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin on HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines was investigated using SRB assay. Regarding HepG2 cell line, extracts 1 and 2 elicited the most pronounced cytotoxic activity with $IC_{50}$ values equal 1.58 and $5.82{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to doxorubicin with an $IC_{50}$ equal $4.68{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. With respect to HCT 116 cells, extracts 1 and 2 exhibited the most obvious cytotoxic effect; with $IC_{50}$ values equal 0.12 and $6.59{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h, respectively which were comparable to 5-fluorouracil with an $IC_{50}$ equal $3.43{\mu}g/mL$ at 48 h. In conclusion, total extracts, fractions and volatile oils of B. Serrata oleo gum resin proved their usefulness as cytotoxic mediators against HepG2 and HCT 116 cell lines with different potentiality (extracts > fractions > volatile oil). In the two studied cell lines the cytotoxic acivity of each of extract 1 and 2 was comparable to doxorubicin and 5-fluorouracil, respectively. Extensive in vivo research is warranted to explore the precise molecular mechanisms of these bioactive natural products in cytotoxicity against HCC and CRC cells.

Heat Transfer Simulation and Effect of Tool Pin Profile and Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA5083-O

El-Sayed, M.M.,Shash, A.Y.,Abd Rabou, M. The Korean Welding and Joining Society 2017 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.35 No.3

A 3D transient heat transfer model is developed by ABAQUS software to study the temperature distribution during friction stir welding process at different rotational speeds. Furthermore, AA 5083-O plates were joined by FSW technique. For this purpose, a universal milling machine was used to perform the welding process and a mechanical vice was used to fix the work pieces in the proper position. The joints were friction stir welded at a constant travel speed 50 mm/min and two rotational speed values; 400 rpm and 630 rpm using two types of tools; cylindrical threaded pin and tapered smooth one. At each welding condition the temperature was measured using infra-red thermal image camera to verify the simulated temperature distribution. The welded joints were visually inspected as well as by macro- and microstructure evolutions. In addition, the welded joints were mechanically tested for hardness and tensile strength. The maximum peak temperature obtained was at higher rotational speed using the threaded tool pin profile. The results showed that the rotational speed affects the peak temperature, defects formation and sizes, and the mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints. Moreover, the threaded tool gives superior mechanical properties than the tapered one at lower rotational speed.

Influence of the Welding Speeds and Changing the Tool Pin Profiles on the Friction Stir Welded AA5083-O Joints

El-Sayed, M.M.,Shash, A.Y.,Abd Rabou, M. The Korean Welding and Joining Society 2017 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.35 No.3

In the present study, AA 5083-O plates are joined by friction stir welding technique. A universal milling machine was used to perform the welding process of the work-pieces which were fixed on the proper position by a vice. The joints were friction stir welded by two tools with different pin profiles; cylindrical threaded pin and tapered smooth one at different rotational speed values; 400 rpm and 630 rpm, and different welding speed values; 100 mm/min and 160 mm/min. During FSW of each joint, the temperature was measured by infra-red thermal image camera. The welded joints were inspected by visually as well as by the macro- and microstructure evolutions. Furthermore, the joints were tested for measuring the hardness and the tensile strength to study the effect of changing the FSW parameters on the mechanical properties. The results show that increasing the rotational speed results in increasing the peak temperature, while increasing the welding speed results in decreasing the peak temperature for the same tool pin profile. Defect free welds were obtained at lower rotational speed by the threaded tool profile. Moreover, the threaded tool pin profile gives superior mechanical properties at lower rotational speed.

Thermal-induced Residual Stresses and Distortions in Friction Stir Welds - A Literature Review

Mohamed H. El-Moayed,Ahmed Y. Shash,Mahmoud Abd Rabou,Mahmoud G. El-Sherbiny 대한용접·접합학회 2021 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.39 No.4

Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a solid-state welding technique that uses the heat generated from friction to assemble a wide variety of materials. Irrespective of having a lower heat input as compared to conventional welding techniques, friction stir welds are still prone to significant thermal-induced stresses and distortions owing to the uneven heating and cooling cycles that a weld goes through. Surprisingly, not several reviews have addressed both the residual stresses and distortions of friction stir welds despite their crucial impact on the weld performance. Therefore, the current paper reviews their development, their correlation with process parameters, and ways to reduce them. Moreover, it explains the current status of process modeling and research gaps in the area of interest.

Heat Transfer Simulation and Effect of Tool Pin Profile and Rotational Speed on Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA5083-O

M. M. El-Sayed,A. Y. Shash,M. Abd Rabou 대한용접·접합학회 2017 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.35 No.3

A 3D transient heat transfer model is developed by ABAQUS software to study the temperature distribution during friction stir welding process at different rotational speeds. Furthermore, AA 5083-O plates were joined by FSW technique. For this purpose, a universal milling machine was used to perform the welding process and a mechanical vice was used to fix the work pieces in the proper position. The joints were friction stir welded at a constant travel speed 50 mm/min and two rotational speed values; 400 rpm and 630 rpm using two types of tools; cylindrical threaded pin and tapered smooth one. At each welding condition the temperature was measured using infra-red thermal image camera to verify the simulated temperature distribution. The welded joints were visually inspected as well as by macro- and microstructure evolutions. In addition, the welded joints were mechanically tested for hardness and tensile strength. The maximum peak temperature obtained was at higher rotational speed using the threaded tool pin profile. The results showed that the rotational speed affects the peak temperature, defects formation and sizes, and the mechanical properties of friction stir welded joints. Moreover, the threaded tool gives superior mechanical properties than the tapered one at lower rotational speed.

Influence of the Welding Speeds and Changing the Tool Pin Profiles on the Friction Stir Welded AA5083-O Joints

M. M. El-Sayed,A. Y. Shash,M. Abd Rabou 대한용접·접합학회 2017 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.35 No.3

In the present study, AA 5083-O plates are joined by friction stir welding technique. A universal milling machine was used to perform the welding process of the work-pieces which were fixed on the proper position by a vice. The joints were friction stir welded by two tools with different pin profiles; cylindrical threaded pin and tapered smooth one at different rotational speed values; 400 rpm and 630 rpm, and different welding speed values; 100 mm/min and 160 mm/min. During FSW of each joint, the temperature was measured by infra-red thermal image camera. The welded joints were inspected by visually as well as by the macro- and microstructure evolutions. Furthermore, the joints were tested for measuring the hardness and the tensile strength to study the effect of changing the FSW parameters on the mechanical properties. The results show that increasing the rotational speed results in increasing the peak temperature, while increasing the welding speed results in decreasing the peak temperature for the same tool pin profile. Defect free welds were obtained at lower rotational speed by the threaded tool profile. Moreover, the threaded tool pin profile gives superior mechanical properties at lower rotational speed.

Synthesis and Antiproliferative Potency within Anticonvulsant of Novel Bichalcone Derivatives

Mansour, Eman,El-Badry, Yaser A.,El-Tokhy, Afaf,Ayyad, Rezed,Abd-Rabou, Ahmed A. Korean Chemical Society 2020 대한화학회지 Vol.64 No.1

An efficient and facile procedure has been developed for the synthesis of novel bichalcone derivatives (4a, 4b). The key step contains the solvent-free aldol synthesis of bichalcones based on quinones. Bichalcones (4a, 4b) were used as precursors for the synthesis of some interesting heterocyclic compounds like, diazepines (5a, 5b), pyrazolo-pyrimidines (7a, 7b), and pyrazoline derivatives (8a, 8b). Moreover, new thioxopyrimidine derivatives (9a, 9b) were furnished and used as a functionalizing agent to produce the triazole-pyrimidines (11, 12) and the carbonitrile derivative (14). All the synthesized compounds were fully characterized using physical and spectral data like, FT-IR, ¹H NMR, ¹³C NMR, and MS. Bichalcones (4a, 4b) and diazepines (5a, 5b) were screened for their anticonvulsant activity, where compounds (4a, 5a, and 5b) revealed potent anticonvulsant activity compared to diazepam. On the other hand, some of the prepared compounds were screened for their antiproliferative activity and they showed significant cytotoxic effects on most of the cancer cell lines with regard to broad spectrum antitumor activity.