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COMMON RAIL INJECTOR MODIFIED TO ACHIEVE A MODULATION OF THE INJECTION RATE
A. FICARELLA,A. GIUFFRIDA,R. LANZAFAME 한국자동차공학회 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.4
Injection rate shape control is one feature of a diesel fuel injection system that is strongly desired at this time. In the conventional common rail system, it is difficult to control the injection rate since the fuel pressure is constant during the injection period, resulting in a nearly rectangular rate shape. In order to look into possible injection modulations, injectors equipped with standard and geometrically modified control valves were investigated in detail by means of computer modelling and simulation. Experiments were carried out to validate the feasibility of such a shaping. The results of this study show a noteworthy dependence of the fuel rate on geometrical modifications in the piloting stage of the injector.
INVESTIGATION OF SHORT INJECTIONS USING STANDARD AND MODIFIED COMMON RAIL INJECTORS
A. FICARELLA,A. GIUFFRIDA,R. LANZAFAME 한국자동차공학회 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.2
The control of the fuel to be introduced into the combustion chamber under idling and low-load conditions is known to be a problem in Diesel engines, owing to the relatively small fraction of the full-load fuel needed under light loads. Thus, particular attention should be paid to the behavior of the injector with reference to short injection events. This work presents the results of an experimental campaign carried out with two different types of common rail injectors, a standard injector and a modified one. The latter, coming from a simple modification realized in a standard injector, exhibits linear behavior between injected fuel and solenoid energizing time in the field of short injections. A direct comparison of the two injection behaviors suggests a possible way to better control short or pilot injections.
COMMON RAIL INJECTOR MODIFIED TO ACHIEVE A MODULATION OF THE INJECTION RATE
FICARELLA A.,GIUFFRIDA A.,LANZAFAME R. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2005 International journal of automotive technology Vol.6 No.4
Injection rate shape control is one feature of a diesel fuel injection system that is strongly desired at this time. In the conventional common rail system, it is difficult to control the injection rate since the fuel pressure is constant during the injection period, resulting in a nearly rectangular rate shape. In order to look into possible injection modulations, injectors equipped with standard and geometrically modified control valves were investigated in detail by means of computer modelling and simulation. Experiments were carried out to validate the feasibility of such a shaping. The results of this study show a noteworthy dependence of the fuel rate on geometrical modifications in the piloting stage of the injector.
INVESTIGATION OF SHORT INJECTIONS USING STANDARD AND MODIFIED COMMON RAIL INJECTORS
Ficarella, A.,Giuffrida, A.,Lanzafame, R. The Korean Society of Automotive Engineers 2007 International journal of automotive technology Vol.8 No.2
The control of the fuel to be introduced into the combustion chamber under idling and low-load conditions is known to be a problem in Diesel engines, owing to the relatively small fraction of the full-load fuel needed under light loads. Thus, particular attention should be paid to the behavior of the injector with reference to short injection events. This work presents the results of an experimental campaign carried out with two different types of common rail injectors, a standard injector and a modified one. The latter, coming from a simple modification realized in a standard injector, exhibits linear behavior between injected fuel and solenoid energizing time in the field of short injections. A direct comparison of the two injection behaviors suggests a possible way to better control short or pilot injections.
Mare's Colostrum Globules Stimulate Fibroblast Growth In Vitro: A Biochemical Study
S. Zava,C. Barello,A. Pessione,L. Perono Garoffo,P. Fattori,G. Montorfano,A. Conti,C. Giunta,E. Pessione,B. Berra,M.G. Giuffrida 한국식품영양과학회 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4
The wound repair function of mare's milk and colostrum was investigated. Mare's colostrum improved wound healing in vivo; thus fibroblast growth activation by mare's milk and colostrum was examined. As expected, colostrum was more effective than milk. To establish the biochemical nature of the bioactive molecules involved, colostrum was fractionated into whey, casein, and fat globules, and the efficacy of these fractions on fibroblast proliferation was studied. The fat globule fraction provided the strongest stimulation; its composition was studied and compared with the less-active milk fat globule fraction. The lipid pattern highlighted several differences between mare's colostrum and milk; in particular, total lipid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ganglioside, and glycolipid contents were higher in colostrum. A proteomic investigation revealed some differences between the protein composition of colostrum and milk fat globules. Adipophylin and lactadherin were significantly overexpressed in colostrum fat globules. The role of specific lipids on skin wound repair and that of the epidermal growth factor-like domain, embedded within the lactadherin molecule and probably released in conditions stimulating proteolysis, are discussed.
Mare's Colostrum Globules Stimulate Fibroblast Growth In Vitro: A Biochemical Study
Zava, S.,Barello, C.,Pessione, A.,Garoffo, L. Perono,Fattori, P.,Montorfano, G.,Conti, A.,Giunta, C.,Pessione, E.,Berra, B.,Giuffrida, M.G. The Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 2009 Journal of medicinal food Vol.12 No.4
The wound repair function of mare's milk and colostrum was investigated. Mare's colostrum improved wound healing in vivo; thus fibroblast growth activation by mare’s milk and colostrum was examined. As expected, colostrum was more effective than milk. To establish the biochemical nature of the bioactive molecules involved, colostrum was fractionated into whey, casein, and fat globules, and the efficacy of these fractions on fibroblast proliferation was studied. The fat globule fraction provided the strongest stimulation; its composition was studied and compared with the less-active milk fat globule fraction. The lipid pattern highlighted several differences between mare’s colostrum and milk; in particular, total lipid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, ganglioside, and glycolipid contents were higher in colostrum. A proteomic investigation revealed some differences between the protein composition of colostrum and milk fat globules. Adipophylin and lactadherin were significantly over-expressed in colostrum fat globules. The role of specific lipids on skin wound repair and that of the epidermal growth factor-like domain, embedded within the lactadherin molecule and probably released in conditions stimulating proteolysis, are discussed.