선박기인 대기오염 감축을 위한 배출규제해역과 주변국의 규제에 관한 연구

홍란주(Ran-Ju Hong),허윤석(Yun-Seok Hur) 한국해양비즈니스학회 2014 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.27

Air pollution from shipping has been increasing over the last 10 years and today's shipping is under increasing pressure to comply with evolving regulations to become cleaner and greener. The main regulation behind these changes is the IMO's MARPOL Annex VI which sets out substantial changes in exhaust emission controls and designates Emission Control Areas(ECAs) for NOX, SOX and particulate matter. The increased interest in emission policies and regulations has created an explosion of International, EU, U.S. and Canada concerning with ECAs. This study provides an overview of international framework, as the ECAs, for regulating air emissions from ships, and marginal states' policies and regulations on air emissions from international shipping. The main purpose of this study is to examine the ECAs and the marginal states' regulations for reducing the air emissions from ships, and to suggest some implications for non-ECAs, especially Korea.

환경친화적 선박재활용을 위한 국제 규범에 관한 연구

홍란주(Ran-Ju Hong),허윤석(Yun-Seok Hur),김은주(Eun-Joo Kim) 한국해양비즈니스학회 2014 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.29

This paper explores the infrastructure efficiency of the Korean large-sized trade seaports using DEA(data envelopment analysis and then finds out the characteristics of these trade seaports during the period 2001-2012. We try to think the implications of the infrastructure investment to the trade seaports. Main finding facts are as follows: 1)There have been decreasing tendencies of efficiency in terms of relative efficiency levels during the period 2001-2012. 2)Pohang trade seaport has shown the highest efficiency levels around 1, and Kwangyang trade seaport has shown the lowest efficiency levels 3)Ulsan trade seaport has maintained the 3rd ranking during the period 2001-2012 and shown DRS patterns and the very similar patterns to the average efficiency of 6 large-sized trade seaports. 4)Pyeongtaek trade seaport has shown high speeds of decreasing efficiency from roughly 1 to 0.6. 5)The tendency of DRS is stronger in Korea?s trade seaports during the past several years except Busan trade seaport. In particular, Korean large trade seaports have strong tendency toward DRS over time. 6)In terms of scale efficiency, Kwangyang and Ulsan trade seaport show the relatively higher scale efficiency during the period 2001-2012. Pyongtaek trade seaport?s scale efficiency has the lowest scale efficiency. From these results, in Asian highly growing areas. we need consider serious overinvestment problems about the infrastructure of airports and seaports through various efficiency analyses.

지중해의 오염규제를 위한 국제협약에 관한 연구

홍란주 ( Ran Ju Hong ),박명섭 ( Myong Sop Pak ),한능호 ( Neung Ho Han ) 韓國海法學會 2009 韓國海法學會誌 Vol.31 No.1

해운은 오랜 기간 동안 안전하고 환경친화적인 형태로 이루어져 왔으며 그 역할을 위한 운송방법 또한 지속적으로 개선되어 왔다. 그러나 운송이 늘어나면서 선박사고로 인한 유출사례가 증가하고, 환경보호가 글로벌 이슈화됨에 따라 대다수의 국가와 국제기구에서는 환경법안 제정을 통해 해양 오염규제를 강화하고 있다. 특히 지중해는 다른 해역으로 향하는 출구가 뚫린 반폐쇄해성 수역으로 해수순환이 상당히 제한적이고 전세계 물량의 90%가 이송되는 주요 해운로로서 대부분의 선박은 원유이송 및 급유와 무역에 따른 물품이송을 목적으로 지중해를 통행하고 있다. 지중해의 이러한 지리적 특성과 높은 통행량은 해상사고 및 지중해 오염의 위험도를 높이고 있으며, 이에 따라 지중해 연안국가들은 해양오염 규제를 위해 공동으로 노력하고 있다. 해상사고나 투기를 야기하는 선박기인 해양오염에 대한 규제는 IMO와 UNCLOS의 협약 및 조약에 의해 이루어지고 있는데 그 중에서도 특히 MARPOL 73/78을 근간으로 UNEP의 지역해 프로그램이 주목할 만하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 해양오염 규제를 위한 국제협약과 조약을 바탕으로 지중해 지역에 적용되고 있는 협약을 살펴보고 연안국가들의 동향과 지중해 행동계획을 포함한 오염 규제안에 대한 구체적인 내용을 다루고자 한다. Shipping has always been a safe, secure and environmentally friendly form of transport and its performance has improved up to now. Due to the growth of sea transport, the oil pollution damage has been increased. As environmental protection of the earth has become the essential issue, various nations and international organizations have strengthen the pollution prevention with environment legislations. The Mediterranean is especially the semi-enclosed sea and the seawater circulation is very restrictive. Also it is a vital artery for merchant shipping, which transports 90 per cent of the world`s goods. The vast majority of oil traffic transits and trade volume are completed safely, efficiently and without harm to the marine environment. The Mediterranean`s geographical peculiarities and high traffic raise the danger of pollution and the coastal countries make an collective effort for the pollution prevention. The prevention for the vessel source pollution is formed by IMO and UNCLOS. IMO`s work to prevent and reduce marine pollution by ships has made it a natural partner for UNEP in protecting the world`s oceans in the context of the Regional Seas Programme. The purpose of this study is to examine international agreements for maritime pollution prevention and the international agreements which can be applied to the Mediterranean region. Through looking into the agreements and protocols, we investigate the movement of Mediterranean coastal countries to protect their sea also review their operation.

크루즈선사와 선원의 해양 안전문화에 관한 연구

홍란주(Ran-Ju Hong),박명섭(Myong-Sop Pak) 한국해양비즈니스학회 2020 해양비즈니스 Vol.- No.47

As a complex socio-technical system, marine transportation is open to risks. Due to the efforts of international organizations, flag / port administrations, classification societies and cruise lines, the safety record has steadily improved. However, cruise ship accidents resulting from inadequate safety culture of cruise line and crew still occur. In this paper, we analyze the factors affecting the maritime safety culture and to suggest implications to enhance the maritime safety culture of cruise line and crew. For this purpose, the study identify the importance of maritime safety culture through accident cases of cruise ships that occurred after 2010. The study then provide measures to safely manage cruise ship operations by presenting models that can be used to foster maritime safety culture of cruise line and crew members using factors extracted through literature review.

수에즈 運河 會社의 成立過程과 國有化前의 所有權 變化에 관한 硏究

박명섭(Myong-Sop Pak),홍란주(Ran-Ju Hong),허윤석(Yun-Seok Hur) 한국경영사학회 2007 經營史學 Vol.45 No.-

The purpose of this study is to examine the formation of the Universal Company of the Maritime Suez Canal and the change of ownership before its nationalization. Because of the improvement for technology in late 18th century in European countries, it’s possible to say the maritime transportation period for 19th. The Universal Company of the Suez Maritime Canal was founded for the construction of Suez Canal by Ferdinand de Lesseps in 1858. Before its nationalization in 1956, the company’s ownership was changed for 2 times by France, Egypt and the Great Britain. Especially while the Great Britain controlled the canal, Great Britain had the best maritime power and it was the most imperialistic country in the world. According to the ownership change, the major countries’ transit rate of the canal were also changed and the economic and democratic advantages from the canal were become different.

국제통상 ; EU의 탄소배출권 거래제도에 관한 연구

박명섭 ( Myong Sop Pak ),홍란주 ( Ran Ju Hong ),허윤석 ( Yun Seok Hur ) 국제지역학회 2008 국제지역연구 Vol.12 No.2

온실가스의 배출이 늘어남에 따라 세계 기후도 변화하고 있다. 특히 이산화탄소는 배출량이 가장 높은 인위적인 온실가스로 1970년에서 2004년 사이 전체 온실가스 방출량의 80%를 차지할 정도였다. 유엔기후변화협약의 부속의정서인 교토의정서의 제안에 따라 온실가스 배출량 세계 2위인 EU는 자체적으로 배출권 거래제도를 실시하며 탄소 배출량 감축에 적극적으로 나서고 있다. 본 연구에서는 탄소 배출권 거래제도 시행의 모범이 되고 있는 EU의 배출권 거래제도와 배출권 거래시장을 중심으로 EU의 배출량 감축 정책 및 현재까지의 감축 결과를 살펴보았다. 2단계에 걸쳐 진행되는 EU의 배출권 거래제도는 현재 1단계를 거쳐 2008년부터 2단계가 발효되고 있다. 현재까지 EU의 배출권 거래 제도는 성공적이라 할 수 있을 만큼 탄소 배출량이 감소하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 EU의 성공적인 정책의 고찰을 통해 배출량 감소 이행국에서 제외된 국가들의 향후 감축의무 부과에 대한 시사점을 제시하였다. As greenhouse gas (hereinafter GHGs) emissions have been increasing, the world`s climate is also rapidly changed. CO2 is the most important artificial GHGs and the annual emissions amount was increased approximately 80% between 1970 and 2004. After suggesting Kyoto Protocol, EU is the second largest emissions embodiment in the world, set the emissions trading scheme (hereinafter EU-ETS) and is trying to reduce CO2 emissions aggressively. This study focuses on the EU-ETS and EU-ETS market to examine their emissions reduction policy and review the result of their efforts. EU-ETS which is composed of 2-step phases had already completed the first phase and is running on the second phase in 2008. Up to now EU-ETS has been proceeding successfully and the amount of CO2 emissions has been decreased. To prepare for their coming events, countries excluded from Kyoto Protocol fulfillment need to have some implication from EU and have to make up their own plans.

마인드맵을 통한 일기 쓰기지도가 정신지체 학생의 국어과 쓰기능력에 미치는 영향

이영철 ( Young Chul Lee ),홍란주 ( Ran Ju Hong ) 한국지적장애교육학회 2009 지적장애연구 Vol.11 No.3

수에즈 운하(運河)의 개통(開通)에 따른 지역경제(地域經濟) 성장(成長)에 관한 연구(硏究)

박명섭 ( Myong Sop Pak ),홍란주 ( Ran Ju Hong ),허윤석 ( Yun Seok Hur ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2008 지중해지역연구 Vol.10 No.2

The Universal Company of the Suez Maritime Canal (Compagnie Universelle du Canal de Suez hereinafter, Suez Company) was founded for the construction of Suez Canal, which strongly affected on international ocean transportation. After Suez Canal opened, maritime transportation route was shorter than before and transition of the canal became popular due to the possibility of saving sailing time and money for transportation. Egypt which had much experiences on political and economical perspectives, accomplished modernization through the nationalization of the canal. Also from the time of company`s establishment to nationalization, examining Suez Canal region is quite significant. The purpose of this study is to examine the economic development of Suez Canal region with the opening of Suez Canal which is the most valuable achievement of the world. Through the looking into the process of foreign capital`s influx, we investigate the relations between the world powers also review the growth of Suez Canal Region.

선박기인 대기오염 규제를 위한 국제규범에 관한 연구

박명섭(Myong-Sop Pak),홍란주(Ran-Ju Hong),한능호(Neung-Ho Han) 한국해사법학회 2009 해사법연구 Vol.21 No.3

인간 활동에 따른 온실효과물질 및 온실가스의 발생이 증가함에 따라 1970년대 중반부터 대기오염으로 인한 기후변화가 나타나게 되었다. 이에 따라 선진국들은 1997년 교토의정서를 체결하였으며, 에너지, 산업, 운송, 농업, 폐기물 등의 분야에서 온실가스의 배출규제가 이루어지게 되었다. 전 세계 물품 규모의 80%를 담당하는 해상운송을 통해 배출되는 온실가스는 운항을 위한 선박연료의 연소과정에서 발생하는 것으로 유해물질들을 다량 포함하고 있다. 선박기인 오염의 규제는 IMO와 UNCLOS에 의해 형성되었으며 교토의정서에 의해 대기오염 규제의 심각성이 널리 알려지게 되었다. IMO에서는 MARPOL의 부속서 형태로 이에 대한 내용을 다루고 있다. IMO는 대기를 포함한 전 세계의 해양환경보호를 위하여 UNEP과 공조하여 지역적 해역 프로그램을 통해 선박기인 대기오염을 방지하고 감소시키기 위한 노력을 하고 있다. 특히 지역해 프로그램 중 발틱해 프로그램과 북동대서양 프로그램에서 선박기인 대기오염 규제가 가장 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 선박기인 대기오염 규제를 위한 국제 법제도 기반을 고찰하고 국제기구의 규제현황을 살펴보고 시사점을 제시하고자 한다. Concern over the effects of increasing concentrations of the atmospheric trace gases that produce the greenhouse effect and in particular the contribution that greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions related to human activities are making to changes in the earth's climate have been mounting since the mid-1970s. In 1997, Kyoto Protocol agreed by industrialized countries to prevent the earth's climate changes, also the specific areas for GHG emissions prevention are developed. The Emissions from ships engaged in international trade in the seas, Emissions from shipping generate through fuel combustion process to operate the vessels and contain much hazardous substances. The prevention for the vessel source pollution is formed by IMO and UNCLOS. As the air pollution prevention is formed by Kyoto Protocol, IMO adopt the “Regulations for the Prevention of Air Pollution from Ships” as Annex VI of MARPOL. IMO's work to prevent and reduce air pollution by ships has made it a natural partner for UNEP in protecting the world's oceans including atmosphere in the context of the Regional Seas Programme. Especially Baltic Sea and North-east Atlantic Programme are the activistic RS Programme to prevent air pollution from ships. The purpose of this study is to present an overview of the current international legal framework and instruments for air pollution prevention from ships and suggest some implications.

선박의 침몰과 해상보험의 관계에 관한 연구

허윤석(Yun-Seok Hur),홍란주(Ran-Ju Hong),신수용(Soo-Yong Shin),박영현(Young-Hyun Pak) 한국무역학회 2014 貿易學會誌 Vol.39 No.5