고려인삼 재배 중 발생하는 주요병해별 병원균의 분류학적 위치

조대휘,Cho, Dae-Hui 고려인삼학회 2018 고려인삼연구와 산업 Vol.12 No.1

서해 최북단 섬 백령도의 인삼 재배 현황

조대휘,Cho, Dae-Hui 고려인삼학회 2022 인삼문화 Vol.4 No.-

Baengnyeongdo Island, which belongs to Ongjin-gun, Incheon, is an island in the northernmost part of the West Sea in South Korea. Baengnyeong Island is the 15th largest island in Korea and covers an area of 51 km². The Korea Ginseng Corporation (KGC) investigated the possibility of growing ginseng on Baengnyeong Island in 1996. In 1997, thanks to the support of cultivation costs from Ongjin-gun, the first ginseng seedbed was built on Baengnyeong Island. In 1999, the seedlings were transplanted to a permanent field under a contract with KGC. In 2003, the first six-year-old ginseng harvest was performed, and KGC purchased all production according to the contract. Since then, KGC has signed on to grow ginseng until 2012 and purchased six-year-old ginseng until the fall of 2016. Since 2014, the GimpoPaju Ginseng Agricultural Cooperative Association has signed a ginseng production contract. According to a survey of nine 6-year-old ginseng fields (total 5,961 units) on Baengnyeong Island, the top five with good growth had a survival rate of 42.6 to 68%, and the bottom four with poor growth had an extremely low survival rate of 11.1 to 21.3%. The four fields with low survival rates were where hot peppers were planted before ginseng cultivation. It is believed that the excess nitrogen remaining in the soil due to the treatment of compost or manure during pepper cultivation causes ginseng roots to rot. The average incidence of Alternaria blight was 8.6%. Six six-year-old ginseng gardens were low at 1.1 to 4.7%, while the other three were high at 16.7 to 20.9%. It is assumed that the reason for the low survival rate and high incidence of Alternaria blight is a rain-leaking shield. Farmers used rain-leaking shields because the precipitation on Baengnyeong Island was smaller than on land. One field showed 3% of leaves with yellowish brown spots, a symptom of physiological disturbance of the leaf, which is presumed to be due to the excessive presence of iron in the soil. To increase the production of ginseng on Baengnyeong Island, it is necessary to develop a suitable ginseng cultivation method for the island, such as strengthening the field management based on the results of a scientific study of soil, using rain-resistant shading, and installing drip irrigation facilities. I hope that ginseng will become a new driving force for the development of Baengnyeong Island, allowing ginseng products and food to thrive in the beautiful natural environment of the island.

인삼 병해충의 경종적 방제법 개발연구 동향

조대휘,Cho, Dae-Hui 고려인삼학회 2009 고려인삼연구와 산업 Vol.3 No.2

인삼 뿌리썩음병균 Cylindrocarpon destructans 후막포자의 형태적 특성

조대휘(Dae-Hui Cho),유연현(Yun-Hyun Yu),김영호(Young Ho Kim) 고려인삼학회 2003 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.27 No.4

Chlamydospore formation from mycelia and conidia of Cylindrocarpon destructans isolated from the root rot lesion of the Panax ginseng was investigated by scanning electron and light microscopy. Typical chlamydospores were formed only from hyphae but not from conidia on culture media. However, immature chlamydopspore-like cells were<br/> formed from microconidia after 12 days of incubation at 20℃ on Czapek Dox broth (CDB) adjusted to pH 4.0. Chlamydospores were yellowish or reddish brown in color, and produced singly or in chain with the hyphal intercalary or terminal position on potato-dextrose agar, V-8 juice agar and CDB with no addition of nitrogen sources after 16~20 days of incubation at 20℃. They were 11.3 to 11.9 ㎛ in diameter, having many lumps-like warts on their surface with the length of 1.5 to 1.8 ㎛.

인삼 잘록병균 Rhizoctonia solani의 균사융합군과 병발생 및 생육 특성

조대휘(Dae-Hui Cho),강제용(Je Yong Kang),유연현(Yun-Hyun Yu) 고려인삼학회 2004 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.28 No.4

On May of 2002, the 34 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were isolated from the symptom of damping-off on basal stems of 2-year-old to 6-year-old Panax ginseng which were cultivated in the 17 fields in Kyunggi-do, Chungcheungnam-do and Jeollabuk-do province in Korea. All isolates were identified as anastomosis group 2-1. Pre-emergence damping-off occurred on underground part of stem of 2-year-old ginseng in the pot trial with artificial inoculation. However, in the 4-year-old ginseng field with artificial inoculation, post-emergence damping-off occurred. The severe incidence of damping-off was found in the 6-year-old ginseng field in Kimje-si, Jeollabuk-do province on June 5 of2003, the rate of which showed 18.6% of area in the field by spread of the disease since 2-year-old. The sclerotia of R. solani, started to be formed after 7 days incubation on potato dextrose agar at 25℃, were grayish brown, spherical to irregular and about 500 ㎛ in diameter, which became dark brown after 14 days incubation. The temperature range for the mycelial growth of R. so/ani isolates was 5~30℃, and the optimal temperature was 25℃, their growth were very poor at 5 or 30℃. The isolates grew at the range of pH 4.5~8.1 tested and optimal pH for growth was pH 4.5~5.8, whereas their growth were very poor above the pH 7.2.

인삼 잘록병(Rhizoctonia solani) 발생억제에 미치는 Fludioxonil, Flutolanil 및 Thifluzamide의 효과

조대휘(Dae-Hui Cho),유연현(Yun-Hyun Yu) 고려인삼학회 2005 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.29 No.4

In vitro and in vivo effectiveness of fungicides were evaluated for the control of damping off caused by Rhizoctonia solani on Panax ginseng. Fludioxonil(67 ㎎ a. i./L), flutolanil(75 ㎎ a. i./L), thifluzamide(35 ㎎ a. i./L), and mepronil (750 ㎎ a. i./L) were selected from 9 fungicides, which were based on inhibition of mycelial growth of R. solani (isolate Rh 9801) and duration of fungicidal effectiveness against the pathogen in vitro. Field trials were made twice in the year of 2003 and 2004. Experimental plots (54 m×0.9 m) of 4-year-old ginseng fields were artificially infested with 5㎏ and 14 ㎏ in fresh weight of inoculum in 2003 and 2004, respectively. The fungicides were drenched at a volume of 8l in 3.6 m×0.9 m with 3 replications. Fludioxonil, flutolanil, thifluzamide and mepronil reduced the incidence of damping off by 73%, 69%, 69% and 43%, respectively. In the 2004 trial, fludioxonil, flutolanil, and thifluzamide showed similar result as reducing the incidence by 85%, 84%, and 82%, respectively, in the plot where the inoculum was applied 2.8 times more than the 2003. The disease incidences in untreated control were 12% in 2003 and 47% in 2004.

인삼 잿빛곰팡이병균 Botrytis cinerea의 균학적 특성

조혜선(Hye Sun Cho),전용호(Yong Ho Jeon),도경란(Gyung-Ran Do),조대휘(Dae-Hui Cho),유연현(Yun-Hyun Yu) 고려인삼학회 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.1

인삼 고년생 결주의 주원인으로 작용하는 잿빛곰팡이병 방제을 위한 기초 연구로 병원균을 분리, 동정하고 이들의 균학적 특성을 구명하였다. 잿빛곰팡이병반으로부터 균을 분리하여 분생포자의 형태적 특징을 관찰하고 RPB2 유전자의 염기서열 분석을 실시한 결과 분리균은 Botrytis cinerea로 동정되었다. 균핵을 이용한 병원성 검정 결과 공시한 3균주 중 1균주는 병원성, 2 균주는 비병원성을 나타내었다. 주사전자현미경으로 균핵을 관찰한 결과 병원성 균주는 표면이 주름지고 거친 반면 비병원성 균주는 매끈하였다. 균핵 형성은 5~20℃, 암 상태에서 양호하였으며, 0.5% 고죽을 첨가한 배지에서 10배 정도 증가하였다. A total of 29 Botrytis were isolated from ginseng gray mold at 8 locations in Korea from June to July, 2004 and 2005. The causative agent of them was identified as Botrytis cinerea based on morphological characteristics of conidia and RPB2 gene sequence analysis. In inoculation experiments with sclerotia, one isolate was pathogenic to ginseng plant whereas two isolates were non-pathogenic. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the sclerotia of pathogenic isolate has rough surface and that of non-pathogenic isolate very smooth surface. Optimum temperature and culture conditions for sclerotia production were 5~20℃ and darkness, respectively. The number of sclerotia was increased tenfold on media added with 0.5% old stem fragment of ginseng.

Development of a Rain-Covering Facility with Small Tunnel-Type Customized for Ginseng Cultivation

Jun Gyo In(인준교),Dae Hui Cho(조대휘),Dong Yun Lee(이동윤),Byeong Cheol Lee(이병철) 한국약용작물학회 2019 한국약용작물학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2019 No.1

인삼줄기버섯파리(신칭) Phytosciara procera에 의한 피해 실태 보고

신정섭(Jung Sup Shin),조대휘(Dae-Hui Cho),조혜선(Hye Sun Cha),김황용(Hwang-Yang Kim),이흥식(Hung Sik Lee) 고려인삼학회 2008 Journal of Ginseng Research Vol.32 No.4

최근 2005년 파주 6년생 포지를 시작으로 철원, 영월, 괴산 등지에서 정체불명의 해충이 인삼 줄기 속을 파고들어 피해를 주는 현상이 빈번하여, 해당 해충을 채집하여 동정한 결과 국내 미기록종인 Phytosciara procera(신칭: 인삼줄기버섯 파리)인 것으로 확인되었다. 이 해충은 이번 연구를 통해 처음으로 인삼 해충으로 기록되는 종이며, 검정날개버섯파리과 (Sciaridae) 곤충 중에서 인삼 해충이 확인된 것도 세계 최초이다. 인삼줄기버섯파리에 의한 피해로 추정되는 증상은 1993년 경기도 용인의 6년생 인삼 포지에서 처음으로 확인되었다. 당시 피해주율이 25%에 이르고 경작자가 막대한 경제적 손실을 입었지만, 명확한 동정 결과를 얻지 못하였고 피해 실태도 정확히 밝히지 못했었다. 인삼줄기버섯파리는 인삼의 화경, 줄기 부분에서 산란하며, 유충이 줄기 내부를 파고 섭식하여 고사시키는 해충인데, 인삼줄기버섯파리가 만든 상처는 세균의 2차 감염 통로로 이용될 수 있기 때문에 결과적으로 줄기 속무름병의 발생에도 영향을 미칠 것으로 판단된다. 인삼줄기 버섯파리 성충이 많이 발생하는 시기는 두 차례로 7월 하순 부터 8월 상순 사이와 8월 하순부터 9월 상순 사이로 조사되었다. 인삼의 화경제거시 열매를 잔존시켜 건전한 형태로 남겨두거나 피해줄기를 조기에 제거하는 등의 경종적 방제를 이용하면, 인삼줄기버섯파리에 의한 피해가 확산되는 것을 방지할 수 있을 것으로 기대되지만, 아직 이 해충에 대한 생리, 생태 연구가 미흡한 만큼 기초 조사와 방제대책 수립을 위한 연구가 지속적으로 이루어져야 할 것으로 판단된다. Ginseng stem fungus gnat, Phytosciara procera, is reported as a ginseng pest for the first time. It is new to science that a member of the family Sciaridae is a ginseng pest. In our observation, larvae of the gnat can penetrate the stem of ginseng, and then they make a shaft in shoot and root. Number of adults captured by yellow sticky traps were peaked in twice, from late July to early August and from late August to early September. In a ginseng field, 29.7% of ginseng damaged by Phytosciara procera is also infected by bacterial disease caused by Erwinia carotobora. However, there is a possibility on environmental-friendly control, as a result of decreasing effect of damage over 85% when remaining a part of bem on peduncle than tatally remove.

Rhizoctonia solani에 의한 인삼 모잘록병 방제용 종자처리 약제 선발

신정섭(Jeong-Seop Shin),이승환(Seung-Hwan Lee),조혜선(Hye-Sun Cho),조대휘(Dae-Hui Cho),김경주(Kyoung-Ju Kim),홍태균(Tae-Kyun Hong),박철수(Chol-Soo Park),이성계(Seong-Kye Lee),정희영(Hee-Young Jung) 한국농약과학회 2015 농약과학회지 Vol.19 No.4