영화 자막에서의 축역 형태 -영·한 영화 자막 번역 중심으로-

박윤철 ( Park¸ Yooncheol ) 동국대학교 영어권문화연구소 2009 영어권문화연구 Vol.2 No.2

This study is to look into the reduced forms occurred in film subtitling. Reduced forms in subtitling show that words, phrases, and expressions in source text are left out or condensed, and result in shortening the length of the target text. This phenomenon, that is, led reduced forms in subtitling translation. This study was observed through the subtitling of films, Pride & Prejudice(2005) and Lake House(2006) in order to explore reduced forms in subtitling. As a result of it, ellipsis in subtitling revealed that it removed the unimportant elements, or deleted redundancy elements in utterance context. And in case of condensation, it can observe diminishing two sentences by interpretative, functional resemblance. Also condensation, by subtitling temporal and spatial restriction, can observe reconstructing linguistic structure of target text properly. Accordingly, the reduced forms in film subtitling mainly happened by ellipsis or condensation, and could know shortening the length of target text. And though this reduced translation occurred, the meanings between source and target texts were not influenced by ellipsis and condensation, and constituted equivalence translation in subtitling.

영화 자막 번역에서 어휘 선택 연구

박윤철(Park Yooncheol) 한국번역학회 2008 번역학연구 Vol.9 No.2

자막번역의 생략과 삭제

박윤철(Park Yooncheol) 한국번역학회 2008 번역학연구 Vol.9 No.4

불교경전의 자국화 번역사례 고찰

박윤철(Park Yooncheol) 한국동서비교문학학회 2012 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.26

This paper is intended to analyze and observe the transliteration through domesticating translation method in the texts of the Buddhist scriptures, the Prajñā-Paramitā and the Sahastra-bhuja sutra, which Chinese language was translated into Korean language. There were previously some researches which only focused on the simple differences between transliteration and meaning based translation. They suggested that the translation of the Buddhist scriptures should transfer the messages through meaning based method because the messages had been transliterated for a long time without knowing the meaning of their contents. In fact, in the sound transfer translation, there are two methods; transliteration and transcription. Most of the two buddhist scriptures have preferred the transliteration method. In particularity, it is revealed that the new fact that the previous studies didn’t suggest is that part of the transliteration is influenced by a Sanskrit, and part is by Chinese language through the transliteration of the two scriptures. Even in the transliteration case transferring Sino-Korean words into Korean, the domesticating translation is used in target text. It is helpful for observing the phonological gaps between written words and their sounds. The domesticating translation seems to accept even phonological changes to naturally read the source text for target readers. This shows that the transliteration, though no contents but only reading sound, is influenced by the domesticating translation method.

『반야심경』 번역의 고찰

박윤철(Park, Yooncheol) 한국동서비교문학학회 2009 동서 비교문학저널 Vol.0 No.20

  The Buddhist scriptures like Prajñā-Paramitā are famous and widely enjoyed by most of the people in Korea. Originally Prajñā-Paramitā scripture was written in Sanskrit language, and then translated into Chinese language. In Korean version, we have usually read it with pronunciation of Korean alphabet, Hangeul without knowing what it meant. Furthermore, some interpreted it with their own ways, so it seemed that there were wrong translations in terms of shift relations.   This paper chose the sample which was translated well by Junggakwon in Dongguk University, one of Buddhist monasteries. Compared with others, the sample was well transferred with rhythm, cadence, and others in keeping with the source text. This research analyzed it by reconstructing source and target text. As a result of analysis, we could find the following facts.   First, as a religious book, Prajñā-Paramitā scripture had implicative, explicit meanings. But target text had some mistakes in the process of transferring adverbs particularly. Translated traces of adverb phrases in target text offered readers to block the stream of rhythm and decrease the quality as the holy religious book. The omissions of adverb phrases will rather result to recover sense and rhythm of the source text. Second, it is likely that literal translation will give readers a clumsy transfer. Prajñā-Paramitā scripture needs to transfer messages naturally in source text in order to accept readily and let readers understand easily. In translation studies, there were formal and dynamic equivalence methods which Nida(1964) insisted at the Bible translation research. Some of source languages and expressions were necessary to transfer by formal equivalence method, and others were by dynamic equivalence method. Both of the methods, depending on context situation or contents, could be applied for transferring the messages.   This paper suggests the integrated approach which combined both methods. The approach is expected to trasnfer contents and styles of source text in detail even though Prajñā-Paramitā scripture now enjoys the prestige as religious book.

불교경전 『금강경(金剛經)』, 『천수경(千手經)』의 한국어 번역에 나타난 직유 표현 연구

박윤철(Park Yooncheol) 한국통번역교육학회 2015 통번역교육연구 Vol.13 No.1

This paper focuses on the simile in the old Chinese-Korean translation text of the Vajrachedika-prajna-paramita sutra (金剛經) and the Sahastra-bhuja sutra (千手經). Simile, as a figure of speech in which two unlike things are explicitly compared, is conveyed with the limited forms in translation. The Buddhist scriptures above show four translation techniques in shifting simile. The first is by literal translation to keep the same simile to source language. The second is to keep original meaning by replacing target language into other words. The third is to keep the same simile by spreading its meaning, and the last is to add only new words to target text. These translation techniques imply that two Buddhist scriptures show fidelity of translation and characteristics of religious book. Thus, this paper can discover that new words are added to target text for readability in translating simile. This phenomenon is applied only to two scriptures above.

자막번역에서 생략과 삭제 (2)

박윤철 ( Yooncheol Park ) 현대영미어문학회 2017 현대영미어문학회 춘계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2017 No.-

This paper focuses on distinction between ellipsis and deletion in subtitling translation. On the basis of English-Korean translation of films, Notting Hill(1999) and Must Love Dogs(2005), it proves that not a deletion but an ellipsis operates in the target text. It shows to be different from the previous research. Consequently, this paper suggests that only the ellipsis happens in the target text of the English-Korean subtitling translation.

경전 번역의 특징에 관한 고찰

박윤철 ( Yooncheol Park ) 현대영미어문학회 2019 현대영미어문학회 추계학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2019 No.-

This paper focuses on examining why Buddhist scriptures chose transcription and observing what characteristics they have, based on it. As an analytical result of the prajnaparamita sutra translation, the reason for choosing transcription was due to the norm of the Five Loss and Three Difficulties. Through this translation restriction, the translation of Buddhist scriptures includes the characteristics which requires a controlled norm and the message conveyance which is based on transcription unlike other general translations. It shows the translation method which conveys the original meaning, respecting the source text.

『금강경(金剛經)』 텍스트에 나타난 정보구조와 번역 양상

박윤철(Park, Yooncheol) 한국통번역교육학회 2016 통번역교육연구 Vol.14 No.1

This paper focuses on examining the Chinese-Koran translation aspect by comparing the information structure in the source and target text of the Vajrachedika Prajnaparamita Sutra. Its text is typically developed with four types by Buddha s reply from Subuti s question, which can be classified as acceptance, sermon, persuasion and avoidance. Firstly, in the acceptance and sermon type, the source language appears to be the same information flow as the target language. However, the persuasion type of target language is a little different from the source language because of addition or lexical substitution by the translator s intervention. Lastly, the avoidance type does not happen in their conversation. Through this analytical content, we can know that the same information structure of the source and target languages in the Chinese-Korean translation of the Vajrachedika Prajnaparamita Sutra is due to the strategy of literal translation and the similar information flow of Chinese and Korean languages. Therefore, the comparison method by information structure of the two languages is a useful tool to look into translation.

화용론적, 번역학적 접근을 통한 『금강경』텍스트에 나타난 화용 요소인 전제 표현의 한한(漢韓)번역 고찰

박윤철(Park, Yooncheol) 한국통번역교육학회 2021 통번역교육연구 Vol.19 No.4

Like other Buddhist sutra, Diamond Sutra is written in a spoken language and includes presupposition as pragmatic elements. It provides the opportunity to look at how presupposition works in the translation. The purpose of this paper is to examine the presupposition in the Chinese-Korean translation of Diamond Sutra through pragmatic, translation approach. The sample of the research focuses on sentences in the sutra text. A literature review and a descriptive approach are utilized to analyze the sample. The scope of the research is limited to three sentences: negative sentences, conditional sentences, and subordinate clauses in the text of Diamond Sutra. The findings indicate that in case of negative sentences, the presupposition in the source text was retained in the target text. However, in case of the conditional sentences, if the if-clause was negated, the presupposition of the entire sentence disappeared. Finally, in case of a subordinate clause such as a temporal adverbial clause, it was retained in the entire sentence regardless of the state of the event. It shows that the presupposition can be a useful tool to examine the precise translation and equivalence between two languages in the translation of Buddhist scriptures.