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오일팜 바이오매스의 자원화 연구 IV - 반탄화된 오일팜 바이오매스의 펠릿 성형 특성 연구 -
성용주,김철환,이지영,조후승,남혜경,박형훈,권솔,김세빈 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이技術 Vol.34 No.1
Domestic companies supplying electricity must increase obligatory duty to use renewable energy annually. If not met with obligatory allotment, the electricity-supply companies must pay RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standards) penalty. Although the power plants using a pulverizing coal firing boiler could co-fire up to around 3 per cent with wood pellets mixed in with coal feed stock without any major equipment revamps, they recorded only about 60 per cent fulfillment of RPS. Consequently, USD 46 millionof RPS penalty was imposed on the six power supplying subsidiaries of GENCOs in 2014. One ofthe solutions to reduce the RPS penalty is that the power supply companies adopt the co-firing of torrefied lignocellulosic biomass in coal plants, which may contribute to the use of over 30 per cent of torrefied biomass mixed with bituminous coals. Extra binder was required to form pellets using torrefied biomasssuch as wood chips, PKS (Palm Kernel Shell) and EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch). Instead of corn starch, 30, 50 and 70 per cent of Larix saw dusts were respectively added to the torrefied feedstocks such as Pinusdensiflora chips, PKS and EFB. The addition of saw dusts led to the decrease of the calorific values of the pellets but the forming ability of the pelletizer was exceedingly improved. Another advantage from the addition of saw dusts stemmed from the reduction of ash contents of the pellets. Finally, it was confirmed that torrefied oil palm biomass such as PKS and EFB could be valuable feedstocks in making pellets through improved binding ability.
표면처리에 의한 오일팜 EFB 기반 펄프몰드의 흡수특성변화
김동성,성용주,김철환,김세빈 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이技術 Vol.34 No.1
The applicability of oil palm biomass, EFB(Empty Fruit Bunch) as raw materials for environmental friendly packaging material, pulp mold, was evaluated in this study. The changes in the water absorption properties of pulp mold by the addition of EFB and the surface treatments with PVA and AKD were analyzed by measuring the changes in the water absorption rate and the water contact angle. The each pulp mold sample was prepared by using laboratory wet pulp molder. And the water absorption rate of each samples were evaluated by measuring times for the absorption of a 0.1 ml water drop on the pulp moldsample surface. The addition of EFB to the pulp mold made of OCC resulted in the decrease of water absorption rate andthe increase in the water contact angle. The surface treatments with PVA and AKD on the OCC pulp mold showed the significant reduction in the water absorption rate. However, in case of ONP pulp mold, the addition of EFB and the surface treatments with PVA and AKD showed no big changes in water absorption times. Those might be come from the finer surface structure of ONP pulp mold which were madeof more finer and flexible fibers and more hydrophilic fibers. The results of this study showed the functional properties such as water absorption rate, could be controlled by the application of EFB and thetreatments with AKD or PVA, especially in case of the OCC pulp mold.
EFB 섬유의 전처리를 통한 펄프몰드 기능성 개선 연구
성용주,김동성,김세빈,김철환,김태근 한국공업화학회 2015 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2015 No.1
친환경적 포장소재에 대한 관심이 더욱 증가함에 따라 바이오매스 기반의 재생가능한 포장소재인 펄프몰드의 수요 및 적용분야가 점차 증가되고 있는 추세이다. 본 연구에서는 주로 재활용 고지 등의 원료로 제조되고 있는 펄프몰드 원료의 다변화를 통한 새로운 제품개발의 기반자료를 확보하기 위하여 대표적인 바이오매스 자원인 오일팜 EFB를 적용한 펄프몰드를 개발하고 다양한 EFB 전처리를 실시하였다. 이를 통해 EFB 적용시 펄프몰드의 구조적, 기능적 특성의 개선효과 등을 확인하였다.
성용주(Yong Joo Sung),김철환(Chul-Hwan Kim),이지영(Ji-Young Lee),조후승(Hu-Seung Cho),남혜경(Hye-Gyeong Nam),박형훈(Hyeong-Hun Park),권솔(Sol Kwon),김세빈(Se-Bin Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이기술 Vol.47 No.1
Domestic companies supplying electricity must increase obligatory duty to use renewable energy annually. If not met with obligatory allotment, the electricity-supply companies must pay RPS(Renewable Portfolio Standards) penalty. Although the power plants using a pulverizing coal firing boiler could co-fire up to around 3 per cent with wood pellets mixed in with coal feedstock without any major equipment revamps, they recorded only about 60 per cent fulfillment of RPS. Consequently, USD 46 million of RPS penalty was imposed on the six power supplying subsidiaries of GENCOs in 2014. One of the solutions to reduce the RPS penalty is that the power supply companies adopt the co-firing of torrefied lignocellulosic biomass in coal plants, which may contribute to the use of over 30 per cent of torrefied biomass mixed with bituminous coals. Extra binder was required to form pellets using torrefied biomass such as wood chips, PKS (Palm Kernel Shell) and EFB (Empty Fruit Bunch). Instead of corn starch, 30, 50 and 70 per cent of Larix saw dusts were respectively added to the torrefied feedstocks such as Pinus densiflora chips, PKS and EFB. The addition of saw dusts led to the decrease of the calorific values of the pellets but the forming ability of the pelletizer was exceedingly improved. Another advantage from the addition of saw dusts stemmed from the reduction of ash contents of the pellets. Finally, it was confirmed that torrefied oil palm biomass such as PKS and EFB could be valuable feedstocks in making pellets through improved binding ability.
김동섭,Citasari Hendrasetiafitri,성용주,김철환,김세빈 한국펄프·종이공학회 2015 펄프.종이技術 Vol.45 No.3
The crop production technologies keep in improving and the cultivation becomes more standardization owing to the significant developments of various agricultural materials. The artificial soil and base system for root could be one of the major technologies for the modern cultivation especially for controlled horticulture. Although the perlite, cocopeat, and peat moss are the major components of the artificial soil and are broadly used for various application, there is a great need for the new alternative materials for overcoming the low nutrition and the possible shortage of raw materials. In this study, the application of oil palm EFB fiber as an alternative materials for artificial soil especially for the seeding pad components was evaluated. The changes in the structural properties and the functional properties such as moisture holding properties were compared by laboratory produced seeding pads with different mixture of oil palm EFB fiber. The addition of fibrillated EFB fiber resulted in the significant increase in durability of the seeding pad, which showed the possible application of EFB fiber to the seeding pad instead of the wood fiber (UBKP). The moisture holding properties and the germination condition characteristics of the EFB fiber showed the slight less than those of the cocopeat, which require more sophisticated study for improving the functional properties of seeding pad made of the EFB fiber.
이지영(Ji-Young Lee),김철환(Chul-Hwan Kim),성용주(Yong Joo Sung),남혜경(Hye-Gyeong Nam),박형훈(Hyeong-Hun Park),권솔(Sol Kwon),박동훈(Dong-Hun Park),주수연(Su-Yeon Joo),임현택(Hyun-Tek Yim),이민석(Min-Seok Lee),김세빈(Se-Bin Kim) 한국펄프·종이공학회 2016 펄프.종이기술 Vol.48 No.2
Global warming and climate change have been caused by combustion of fossil fuels. The greenhouse gases contributed to the rise of temperature between 0.6℃ and 0.9℃ over the past century. Presently, fossil fuels account for about 88% of the commercial energy sources used. In developing countries, fossil fuels are a very attractive energy source because they are available and relatively inexpensive. The environmental problems with fossil fuels have been aggravating stress from already existing factors including acid deposition, urban air pollution, and climate change. In order to control greenhouse gas emissions, particularly CO2, fossil fuels must be replaced by eco-friendly fuels such as biomass. The use of renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly necessary. The biomass resources are the most common form of renewable energy. The conversion of biomass into energy can be achieved in a number of ways. The most common form of converted biomass is pellet fuels as biofuels made from compressed organic matter or biomass. Pellets from lignocellulosic biomass has compared to conventional fuels with a relatively low bulk and energy density and a low degree of homogeneity. Thermal pretreatment technology like torrefaction is applied to improve fuel efficiency of lignocellulosic biomass, i.e., less moisture and oxygen in the product, preferrable grinding properties, storage properties, etc.. During torrefacton, lignocelluosic biomass such as palm kernell shell (PKS) and empty fruit bunch (EFB) was roasted under an oxygen-depleted enviroment at temperature between 200 and 300℃. Low degree of thermal treatment led to the removal of moisture and low molecular volatile matters with low O/C and H/C elemental ratios. The mechanical characteristics of torrefied biomass have also been altered to a brittle and partly hydrophobic materials. Unfortunately, it was much harder to form pellets from torrefied PKS and EFB due to thermal degradation of lignin as a natural binder during torrefaction compared to non-torrefied ones. For easy pelletization of biomass with torrefaction, pellets from PKS and EFB were manufactured before torrefaction, and thereafter they were torrefied at different temperature. Even after torrefaction of pellets from PKS and EFB, their appearance was well preserved with better fuel efficiency than non-torrefied ones. The physical properties of the torrefied pellets largely depended on the torrefaction condition such as reaction time and reaction temperature. Temperature over 250℃ during torrefaction gave a significant impact on the fuel properties of the pellets. In particular, torrefied EFB pellets displayed much faster development of the fuel properties than did torrefied PKS pellets. During torrefaction, extensive carbonization with the increase of fixed carbons, the behavior of thermal degradation of torrefied biomass became significantly different according to the increase of torrefaction temperature. In conclusion, pelletization of PKS and EFB before torrefaction made it much easier to proceed with torrefaction of pellets from PKS and EFB, leading to excellent eco-friendly fuels.