현대몽골어의 양태첨사 ‘šüü’에 관한 연구

강신 한국몽골학회 2006 몽골학 Vol.0 No.20

The purpose of this paper is to clarify the semantic properties and pragmatic functions of the modal pareticle ‘šüü’ in modern Mongolian with reference to the context of the utterances and discourse in which the particular mood of the speaker could be expressed. Only from the whole context will it be clear what mood the speaker is in. The modal particle ‘šüü’ in modern Mongolian is one of the particles which are widely used in everyday colloquial speech. However, no serious attempt has been made to find out the true nature of it. In most of the previous studies, the modal particle ‘šüü’ has been poorly treated and some studies even didn't define it as a particle. It should be noted that the modal particle ‘šüü’ has been underrepresented in dictionaries as well, which is rightly pointed out by the recent study of Andrew E. Shimunek(2005). Most of previous studies in modern Mongolian have simply defined ‘šüü’ as an emphatic particle, a confirmative or affirmative particle etc. according to their own individual assumption. However the problem is that in the same category they allot more than two or three particles with heterogeneous properties and functions, hence far from appropriate explanation or a significant generalization on a wide variety of phenomena which modal particles typically reveal. Such treatment of modal particles in modern Mongolian inevitably lead us insufficient and unsatisfactory conclusions. 우리는 본 연구에서 현대몽골어의 양태첨사 ‘šüü’가 지닌 의미와 기능을 그것이 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 발화의 전후맥락이나 담화의 상황과 관련하여 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 논의를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 현대몽골어의 다양한 화맥속에서 광범위하게 사용되고 있는 양태첨사 ‘šüü’는 완결된 문장의미를 갖는 본문의 뒤에 부가되어 본문명제내용의 참(truth)임을 단언함으로써 청자의 주의를 환기시키게 된다는 사실을 규명하였다. 또한, 몇몇 학자들의 주장을 토대로 양태첨사 ‘šüü’가 ‘biš + üü’ 형식의 ‘부정소+의문첨사’의 부정의문 구조로부터 기원하여 문법화과정을 거쳐 현재의 형태를 취하고 있을 가능성에 관하여도 살펴보았다. 둘째, 양태첨사 ‘šüü’의 부가로 인하여 문법성이나 용인성(acceptability)에서 현저하게 부적절성이 증가하는 예들을 근거로 양태첨사 ‘šüü’는 화자의 확신이나 단정과 같은 발화수반력(illocutionary force)을 갖는 것으로 분석된다. 셋째, 양태첨사 ‘šüü’와 ‘daa4’의 연쇄체인 첨사중첩구성 ‘šüü dee’의 양태의미는 ‘주의환기’나 ‘강조’등이 아니라 ‘설명’이나 ‘단언’을 나타내고 있다고 논의하였다. 즉, 첨사중첩구성 ‘šüü dee’는 이미 주어진 대화의 맥락 속에서 화자자신의 확신이나 믿음을 청자에게 적극적으로 주장하여 납득시키는 기능을 하고 있는 것으로 분석하였다. 넷째, 주어의 심리상태를 나타내는 심리동사들과 주어사이에 존재하는 인칭제약현상을 토대로 양태첨사 ‘šüü’와 첨사중첩구성 ‘šüü dee’간의 차이와 내포문 속에서의 행태를 각각 살펴보았다.

몽골에서의 한국어교육의 현황과 과제

강신 한국몽골학회 2007 몽골학 Vol.0 No.22

제1회 재학생 해외문화 체험 수기

강신 단국대학교 학생생활연구소 2003 학생생활연구 Vol.- No.9

현대몽골어 양태첨사 ‘jum’에 관한 연구

姜信 단국대학교 동양학연구원 2002 東洋學 Vol.32 No.-

현대몽골어의 부정극어의 유형에 관한 연구

강신 한국몽골학회 2008 몽골학 Vol.0 No.24

Орчин цагийн монгол хэлний үгүйсгэх туйл үг(negative polarity items)‐ийн талаарх дорвитой судалгаа урьд өмнө нь хийгдээгүй явж ирсэн байна. Орчин цагийн монгол хэлний үгүйсгэх туйл үг нь солонгос хэлнийхтэй харьцуулахад маш цөөн, хэдхэн тооны үгийн сангийн хүрээнд л илэрч байгаа бөгөөд ба прагматик хэлшинжлэлийн онолын үүднээс авч үзвэл тодорхой хэлбэр бүхий нийлэмж байдалтай тодорхойлон гаргаж болохоор байна. Гэсэн хэдий ч эдгээрийн дотор тодорхой загвар, хэлбэрээр тодорхойлоход хүндрэлтэй тохиолдлууд ч багагүй гарч байгааг анхаарах хэрэгтэй. Энэхүү өгүүлэлдээ орчин цагийн монгол хэлэнд хэрэглэгдэж байгаа үгүйсгэх туйл үгийн талаар бүхэлд нь болон бүтцийн ангилалд нь тулгуурлан тэдгээрийн хэрэглэгдэх байдал, бүтэх ёс, давхардан илрэх үзэгдэл зэргийг нийлэг болон задлаг аргаар тодорхойлон гаргахыг зорив. Мөн хүч нэмэгдүүлэх сул үг ‘ч’ нь прагматикийн хэмжигдэхүүн(pragmatic scale) болохын хувьд туйлын хэмжээ заах хэлний илтгэгчүүдтэй хоршоо үүсгэн, хэрэглэгдэх байдлаараа үгүйсгэх туйл үгийг бүтээж болох бөгөөд тэрхүү нийлэмж бүхий үгүйсгэгчийнхээ хүрээнд хэрхэн илэрч байгааг нь ажиглан үзсэн болно. Энэхүү судалгаандаа юуны өмнө орчин цагийн монгол хэлний үгүйсгэх туйл үгээр илэрч байгаа үгсийг бүтцийнх нь үүднээс ангилан авч үзсэн ба түүний өгүүлбэрзүйн болон утгазүйн онцлогийг дараах байдлаар тодорхойлон гаргав. Нэгдүгээрт, орчин цагийн монгол хэлний үгүйсгэх туйл үгсийг ерөнхийд нь үгсийн сангийн үгүйсгэх туйл утга бүхий эхний хэлбэр, хүч нэмэгдүүлэх сул үг ‘ч’‐тэй нийлэмж үүсгэх ‘{ганц/нэг}+ч+нэр үг’ гэсэн бүтэц бүхий хоёрдахь хэлбэр, прагматик хэмжигдэхүүнд хамгийн бага хэмжээг заах үгс болон хүч нэмэгдүүлэх сул үг ‘ч’‐ийн нийлэмж бүхий прагматик үгүйсгэлийн туйл үгс хэмээн гурав ангилж болохоор байна. Хоёрдугаарт, үгүйсгэх туйл үгтэй хамсан хэрэглэгдэх гишүүн нь нэг өгүүлбэрийн тодорхой нэгэн үгүйсгэх утга бүхий үгсээс гадна ‘алга’, ‘байх’, ‘болих’ зэрэг үгүйсгэх утга бүхий хэлцтэй нийлэмж үүсгэн дээрх утыг илэрхийлж болдог байна. Өөрөөр хэлбэл, үгүйсгэх туйл үгтэй хамсан хэрэглэгдэх гишүүн нь зайлшгүй тодорхой нэг үгтэй хэрэглэгдэх бус тухайн өгүүлэмжийн хэрэглээний талыг ч харгалзан үзэх шаардлагтай болох нь харагдаж бай ...

현대몽골어의 양태첨사에 관한 연구

강신 한국몽골학회 2003 몽골학 Vol.0 No.14

A Study on the modal particles in modern MongolianKang Shin (Dankook Univ.)The aim of this study is to analyze semantic properties and structural characteristics of the modal particles in modern Mongolian with special reference to the context of the utterances or discourse in which the particular mood of the speaker could be expressed. Only the whole context should it be clear what mood the speaker is in. We have argued in this study that modal particles in modern Mongolian should moderate or else modify statements according to the present mood of the speaker in the given context. Particles, as is well known, are intrinsically optional constituents, not obligatory ones in a sentence. So it is no wonder in most of the previous studies they were claimed to be freely distributed in a sentence. However, it is claimed in this study their arguments jumped to wrong conclusions and the modal particles in modern Mongolian should observe the linear order among them to make a well-formed utterance. Sequences of the modal particles are composed of strictly ordered cluster, not disordered or random one as previous studies postulated. Most of the modal particles in modern Mongolian are suggested, in this study, to be the natural products of grammaticalization process. Sequences of the modal particles are suggested to have their head and tail respectively as essential constituents in which transitive relation holds. In particular, 'jum' and 'daa4' are analysed to be the head and the tail of the sequences of the modal particles in their fixed linear order.

[특집 I] 몽골리안 벨트Mongolian belt와 新아시아학 전망 : 몽골학 어제와 오늘 그리고 내일

강신 단국대학교 몽골연구소 2011 Mongolian Survey Vol.1 No.1

Орчин цагийн монгол, солонгос хэлний өгүүлбэрийн гишүүдийн байрлалын тухай харьцуулсан судалгаа

강신 한국몽골학회 2009 몽골학 Vol.0 No.26

This article discusses the basic word order in the modern Mongolian language and the modern Korean language, which have undoubtedly been characterized in the previous studies as verb final agglutinative languages with postpositions, regular case-marking systems, and modifier-head constructions. Basic word order means ‘unmarked’ word order or ‘neutral’ and ‘underlying’ word order, not absolutely ‘fixed’ word order at all. We try to inquire into basis of the syntactic constraints and verb-finality among others. We analyze the basic word order for a sentence of modern Mongolian and Korean as belonging to SOV typology. And we further try to elucidate the similarities and differences between the two languages in terms of word order. Syntactic and pragmatic constraints on word order are discussed with the complementary two place predicate, small clause, modifier-head constructions, auxiliary construction, multiple subject or multiple object constructions and numeral classifier construction. This article discusses the basic word order in the modern Mongolian language and the modern Korean language, which have undoubtedly been characterized in the previous studies as verb final agglutinative languages with postpositions, regular case-marking systems, and modifier-head constructions. Basic word order means ‘unmarked’ word order or ‘neutral’ and ‘underlying’ word order, not absolutely ‘fixed’ word order at all. We try to inquire into basis of the syntactic constraints and verb-finality among others. We analyze the basic word order for a sentence of modern Mongolian and Korean as belonging to SOV typology. And we further try to elucidate the similarities and differences between the two languages in terms of word order. Syntactic and pragmatic constraints on word order are discussed with the complementary two place predicate, small clause, modifier-head constructions, auxiliary construction, multiple subject or multiple object constructions and numeral classifier construction.

현대몽골어 보조동사구문에 관한 연구

강신 한국몽골학회 2003 몽골학 Vol.0 No.15

현대몽골어의 어순에 관한 연구

강신 한국몽골학회 2004 몽골학 Vol.0 No.16

Grammatical relations among syntactic units can be coded by means of word order. It is a well-known fact that being a non-inflectional language, Mongolian relies heavily, if not totally, upon word order in its grammatical system. The phenomenon of free word order has been considered a well-known characteristics of Mongolian. NP's with grammatical functions such as a subject or an object can be freely reordered. Along with free word order, the existence of fixed word order in some constructions has been recognized. However, no serious attempt has been made to find out the basic unmarked word order in Mongolian. In previous studies, it has often been the case that the phenomenon of free word order has been discussed, either almost ignoring the existence of fixed word order or treating it with minimal emphasis. In this paper we have attempted to provide a systematic analysis of the free word order. The claim is that Modern Mongolian should be underlyingly a SOV language. Verb-finality and coherency between O and V constitute valid ground for the substantiation of our claim. NPs that are specific or definite NPs are subject to scrambling while non-specific NPs are not allowed to scramble. All specific or definite NPs are obligatorily accusative Case-marked, that is accusative case marking is sufficient condition for an NP to be interpreted a specific or definite.