중재적 시술 시 팬텀을 이용한 환자의 피폭선량 분석

강병삼,동경래,Kang, Byung-Sam,Dong, Kyung-Rae 대한디지털의료영상학회 2011 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지 Vol.13 No.2

Because interventional procedure operates looking at premier as real time when perate intervention enemy, by patient is revealed during suitableness time in radiation, side effect such as radiation injury of skin is apt to happen. It established by purpose of study that measure exposure dose that patient receives about these problem, and find solution for radiation injury and repletion method. In this study, we used Rando phantom of identical structure with the human body which becomes accomplished with 4 branch ingredient of the attempt and system equivalent material them and absorbed dose were measured by TLD. According to the laboratory, it shows that operations such as TFCA procedure or uterine myoma embolization are more dangerous than TACE procedure. If both operations are inspected during a short time, it is not affected in being bombed. However, it can lead to palliative agenesis or depilate, definitive agenesis only if operations are repeated more than three times. Dose distibution based on experiment, to reduce radiation exposure to patients result from reduction of scatter ray as we control field size of radiation and protection of side organs except for tumor. also we knew that we can protect patients form radiation exposure, if we increas SOD and decrease SID.

온도변화에 따른 조영제 점도차이 및 보관온도 측정

강병삼(Byung-Sam Kang) 대한인터벤션영상기술학회 2010 대한인터벤션영상기술학회지 Vol.13 No.1

After the first use of acetic acid bismuth in analimentary canal graphy in 1904, the side effects that had occured when using contrast media are today being reduced by the use of non ionic contrast media. Because with the change of temperature the hourly amount of viscosity injected differs and the body might feel an increase of a burden the control of viscosity is very important to the radiologist. Accordingly, for the radiologist who uses non ionic contrast media most frequently and is concerned about reactions and side effects it is of great importance to control the temperature of the contrast media costady and the charge of viscosity. This paper uses the latest experiment to inquire the changes of viscosity as a basis to understand the radiologist's most important patient care and his approach to take the patient's a burden and find the most suitable viscosity and contrast media conditions possible. Furthermore, as the object it tries to find indescretions in each hospital and inform about actual preservation temperatures and wrong information.

일반촬영장치의 정도관리 연구

강병삼 ( Byung Sam Kang ),박훈희 ( Hoon Hee Park ),동경래 ( Kyung Rae Dong ),여화연 ( Hwa Yeon Yeo ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2013 공학기술논문지 Vol.6 No.4

Thanks to the rapid increase of the interest in the quality control of the General X-ray systems, this research proposes the direction of the quality control through comparing and inspecting the actual condition of the respective quality control in the Clinic, the educational institution and the hospital. The subjects of the investigation are diagnostic radiation equipment``s in the clinic, the educational institution and the hospital around the capital. A test of kVp, mR / mAs out put test and reproducibility of the exposure dose, half value layer, an accordance between the light field and the beam alignment test, and lastly reproducibility of the exposure time. Then the mean difference of the percentage, the CV (Coefficient of Variation, CV) and the attenuated curve which are respectively resulted from the above tests are computed. After that we have evaluated the values according to the regulations on the Diagnostic Radiation Equipment Safety Administration regulations. In the case of the clinic and the educational institution, there were 42 general X-ray devices. And 14.28% of the kVp test, 11.9% of the reproducibility of exposure dose test, 7.14% of the mR/mAs out put test, and 7.14% of the HVL (Half Value Layer) test appeared to be improper. In the case of the hospital, however, there were 28 devices. And 7.14% of the reproducibility of exposure dose, 7.14% of the difference in the light field/ beam alignment, and 7.14% of the reproducibility of the exposure time appeared to be improper. According to the investigation, the hospital``s quality control condition is better than the condition in the clinic and the educational institution. The quality control condition of the general X-ray devices in the clinic is unsatisfactory compared to the hospital. Thus, it is considered that realizing the importance of the quality control is necessary.

수도권지역 일반촬영 장비의 정도관리 분석

강병삼(Byung Sam Kang),이강민(Kang Min Lee),심우용(Woo Yong Shim),박순철(Soon Chul Park),최학동(Hak Dong Choi),조영권(Yong Kwon Cho) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2012 방사선기술과학 Vol.35 No.2

방사선 의료기술의 발달로 의료 방사선 영역에서 환자와 종사자의 피폭선량을 최소로 유지하고 많은 정보가 포함된 영상을 제공하고 있다. 그러나 장치의 성능 저하는 선량의 증가와 화질의 저하로 환자 및 의료진에게 손실을 줄 수도 있다. 따라서 영상의 질을 저하시키는 원인을 분석하고 X선 발생장치의 부적합을 점검하여야 하며, 장비의 고장 가능성을 예견하고 방지하기 위해서는 정기적인 정도관리가 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구는 수도권에 소재한 의원, 교육기관 그리고 종합병원을 대상으로 진단방사선안전관리규정의 일반방사선장비 검사기준을 준용하여 관전압시험, mAs시험, 광조아야 오차시험, 조사선량 재현성시험, 반가층시험, 조사시간 재현성 시험을 시행하였다. 개인 및 교육기관의 경우 일반촬영장비 22대를 대상으로 시험한 결과 관전압시험에서 18.2%, 조사선량 재현성시험에서 13.6 %, mAs시험에서 9.1 % 그리고 반가층 시험에서 13.6 %가 부적합으로 측정되었다. 종합병원의 경우 28대의 장비에서는 조사선량재현성시험에서 7.1 %, 광조사야 오차시험에서 7.1 %, 조사시간 재현성시험에서 7.1 % 부적합이 나타났다. 종합병원의 경우 정도관리의 중요성을 인식하고 장비업체의 예방점검 체결 및 원내에 정도관리 팀을 구성하여 적극적인 관리가 이루어지고 있어 대부분의 시험에서 기준을 충족하였으나 개인의원에서는 상대적으로 관리가 미흡한 실정이다. Thanks to the rapid increase of the interest in the quality control of the General X-ray systems, this research proposes the direction of the quality control through comparing and inspecting the actual condition of the respective quality control in the Clinic, the educational institution and the hospital. The subjects of the investigation are diagnostic radiation equipment’s in the clinic, the educational institution and the hospital around the capital. A test of ㎸p, mR/㎃s out put test and reproducibility of the exposure dose, half value layer, an accordance between the light field and the beam alignment test, and lastly reproducibility of the exposure time. Then the mean difference of the percentage, the CV(Coefficient of Variation, CV) and the attenuated curve which are respectively resulted from the above tests are computed. After that we have evaluated the values according to the regulations on the Diagnostic Radiation Equipment Safety Administration regulations. In the case of the clinic and the educational institution, there were 22 general X-ray devices. And 18.2% of the ㎸p test, 13.6% of the reproducibility of exposure dose test, 9.1% of the mR/㎃s out put test, and 13.6% of the HVL (Half Value Layer) test appeared to be improper. In the case of the hospital, however, there were 28 devices. And 7.1% of the reproducibility of exposure dose, 7.1% of the difference in the light field/ beam alignment, and 7.1% of the reproducibility of the exposure time appeared to be improper. According to the investigation, the hospital’s quality control condition is better than the condition in the clinic and the educational institution. The quality control condition of the general X-ray devices in the clinic is unsatisfactory compared to the hospital. Thus, it is considered that realizing the importance of the quality control is necessary.

인터벤션시술 진단참고수준 평가

강병삼(Byung-Sam Kang),박형신(Hyung-Shin Park) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2021 방사선기술과학 Vol.44 No.5

Recently, the number of interventional procedures has increased dramatically as an alternative of invasive surgical procedure and patient radiation exposure is also increasing accordingly. In this study, we evaluated the patient dose of major interventional procedures nationwide and we established our Korean database. With these results, we tried to suggest the reference dose level for major interventional procedures. We evaluated patent dose data in the field of interventional radiology from foreign countries. Measurement of radiation dose exposure for 11 major interventional procedures was conducted using embedded DAP meters in 10,006 patients from 47 hospitals, and reference level of each interventional procedure was suggested. The DRLs of each intervenional procedure are as follows: TACE 206(Gy ․ cm2), AVF 12(Gy ․ cm2), LE intervention 43(Gy ․ cm2), TFCA 122(Gy ․ cm2), Cerebral aneurysm coil embolization 214(Gy ․ cm2), PTBD 22(Gy ․ cm2), Biliary stent 60(Gy ․ cm2), PCN 7(Gy ․ cm2), Hickman catheter 2.1(Gy ․ cm2), Chemoport 1.4(Gy ․ cm2), BAE 104(Gy ․ cm2). Compared with the previously established DRL in 2012, the radiation dose decreased in all 10 interventional procedures. In the future, continuous publicity and education on the radiation dose reduction will be needed.

A study on the isodose distribution in a vascular angio-intervention room

Byung-Sam Kang(강병삼),Jin-Hyun Son 대한인터벤션영상기술학회 2010 대한인터벤션영상기술학회지 Vol.13 No.1

CR 환경에서의 흉부촬영 시 Duke Phantom과 부가여과를 이용한 유효선량 및 장기선량 평가

강병삼(Byung-Sam Kang),박민주(Min-Joo Park),김승철(Seung-Chul Kim) 대한방사선과학회(구 대한방사선기술학회) 2014 방사선기술과학 Vol.37 No.1

인공방사선 사용이 가장 많은 진단방사선 분야의 피폭선량 저감에 착안하여 X-선 조사의 1차적 사용자인 방사선사의 기술적인 연구에 의해 피폭선량을 감소시키고자 흉부팬텀인 DUKE phantom을 이용하여 X-선 발생장치에서 부가여과를 적용해 피폭선량의 감소 효과를 알아보고 PC-Based Monte Carlo Program(PCXMC)을 이용하여 환자가 받는 유효선량 및 장기선량에 대해 알아보기 위해 본 연구를 시행하였다. 본 실험에서는 설정된 조건을 사용하여 알루미늄만을 이용한 단일여과와 구리와 알루미늄을 이용한 복합여과를 적용하여 DUKE Phantom에서 나타난 구리 원반(copper disc)의 개수를 측정하여 단일여과와 복합여과의 조합에서 구리 원반의 개수가 같으면서 흡수선량이 기장 적은 부가여과의 조합을 찾고 PCXMC 2.0 프로그램을 이용하여 유효선량 및 장기선량을 산출하였다. 사용 관전류에 따라 다르지만 관전압 80kVp, AP Projection 조건에서는 최소 약 30%∼최대 약 84%의 유효선량을 감소시킬 수 있었고 관전압 120kVp, PA Projection 조건에서는 최소 약 41%∼최대 약 71%의 유효선량을 감소시킬 수 있었다. 장기선량은 각 장기마다 선량 감소율이 달랐으나 최소 30%∼최대 l00%의 선량 감소율을 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 같은 촬영 조건을 사용하더라도 부가여과를 통해 낮은 선량으로 영상의 품질 면에서 변화가 없었으며 DUKE Phantom과 PCXMC 2.0 프로그램을 이용한 장기선량과 유효선량에 대한 저감 효과를 산출하는 것에 적합하였음을 알 수 있었다. By using a Chest Phantom(DUKE Phantom) focusing on dose reduction of diagnostic radiation field with the most use of artificial radiation, and attempt to reduce radiation dose studies technical radiation. Publisher of the main user of the X-ray Radiological technologists, Examine the effect of reducing the radiation dose to apply additional filtering of the X-ray generator. In order to understand the organ dose and effective dose by using the PC-Based Monte Carlo Program(PCXMC) Program, the patient receives, was carried out this research. In this experiment, by applying a complex filter using a copper and Al(aluminum,13) and filtered single of using only aluminum with the condition set, and measures the number of the disk of copper indicated by DUKE Phantom. The combination of the composite filtration and filtration of a single number of the disk of the copper is the same, with the PCXMC 2.0. Program looking combination of additional filtration fewest absorbed dose was calculated effective dose and organ dose. Although depends on the use mAs, The 80 kVp AP projection conditions, it is possible to reduce the effective amount of about 84% from about 30% to a maximum at least. The 120 kVp PA projection conditions, it is possible to reduce the effective amount of about 71% from about 41% to a maximum of at least. The organ dose, dose reduction rate was different in each organ, but it showed a decrease of dose rate of 30% to up 100% at least. Additional filtration was used on the imaging conditions throughout the study. There was no change in terms of video quality at low doses. It was found that using the DUKE Phantom and PCXMC 2.0 Program were suitable to calculate the effect of reducing the effective dose and organ dose

유방촬영팬텀을 이용한 Film-Screen 방식과 DR 방식의 영상 비교 분석

강병삼 ( Byung Sam Kang ),여화연 ( Hwa Yeon Yeo ),동경래 ( Kyung Rae Dong ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2013 공학기술논문지 Vol.6 No.1

Recently, interests and utilization on Computed Radiography (CR) and Digital Radiography (DR) have tended to increase owing to an introduction of Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) and an accuracy control of special medical equipment for breast imaging. The present paper compared the breast image of Film-Screen methods and DR methods using the breast photographing system for accuracy of breast cancer diagnosis. We use Mammo phantom and photograph in F/S System methods and DR System methods. Each image uses the basis of assessment of evaluation tests and 10 people radiation students are visible fiber, Calcification and mass degree score. It compared the average score of each received image, then it classified the above schedule score with passing. The cellulose (fiber), the calcareous sinter (calcification)and the bell lump (mass) received a high score in DR and Film-Screen methods order. In this study, the breast image of DR methods had a better picture quality compared to the breast image of Film-Screen methods, and had received high score from all items. In DR methods, the image quality was dependent on the monitor resolution. The higher the monitor resolution, the better the quality of the image produced. According to quality control in Film- Screen methods, we found out that there was a decrease in the quality of the picture being produced.

IVR장치의 성능 평가 기준 개발

강병삼(Byung-Sam Kang),손진현(Jin-Hyun Son),김승철(Seung-Chul Kim) 한국콘텐츠학회 2011 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.11 No.1

성능이 저하된 IVR 장치의 지속적 사용은 환자 및 시술자의 방사선 피폭을 증가시킬 뿐 아니라, 잘못된 영상정보를 제공함으로써 환자에게 심각한 영향을 끼칠 수 있다. 따라서 이번 연구에서는 IVR장치의 성능평가를 위한 적절한 시험방법 및 검사기준을 마련하고자 하였다. IVR장치의 국내현황 및 규격을 조사하였으며, 표준팬텀을 이용하여 국내 IVR장치의 성능을 현장 측정함으로써, 국내 실정에 맞는 적절한 IVR 장치의 화질 및 성능평가 기준을 설정하였다. 장치의 기본적 성능에 관한 검사를 위해 관전압시험, 관전류시험, 반가층 시험을 실시하며, NEMA stndard XR-21 Phantom을 표준팬텀으로 사용하여 화질 및 선량평가를 하도록 하였다. 표준팬텀을 이용한 검사항목은 image-field geometry, spatial resolution, low-contrast iodine detectability, wire resolution, phantom entrance dose이다. 또한 매일, 매주, 1개월, 3개월, 6개월 및 1년 주기의 평가항목을 설정하였다. 장치의 성능기준은 진단용방사선안전관리 규정을 준용하여 kVp시험은 평균오차 ±10%, ㎃시험은 평균오차 ±15%, 반가층시험은 80kVp에서 최소 2.3mmAl으로 설정하였다. 표준팬텀의 검사기준은 image-field geometry에서 최소 acceptable이 나와야 하며, spatial resolution은 Image Intensifier 나 detector 크기기준으로 34-40㎝은 0.8 lp/㎜, 28-33㎝은 1.0lp/㎜, 22-27㎝은 1.2 lp/㎜이상이 나와야 한다. low contrast iodine detectability는 최소농도 200㎎/㏄ 이상 보여야 하며, phantom entrance dose는 10R/min을 초과해서는 안 된다. Wire resolution은 정지 상태에서 최소 0.012인치까지 보여야 하며, 움직일 때 최소 0.022인치까지 보여야 한다. Recently, the number of interventional procedures has increased dramatically as an alternative of invasive surgical procedure. The need for the quality control program of the angiographic units has also increased, because of concerns about the increased patient dose and the importance of image quality of angiographic units for the successful procedures. The purpose of this study was to propose an optimal guideline for the quality control program of the angiographic units. We reviewed domestic and international standards about medical imaging system and we evaluated the quality of 61 angiographic units in Korea with the use of NEMA 21 phantom. According to the results of our study, we propose a guideline for the quality control program of the angiographic units. Quality control program includes tube voltage test, tube current test, HVL test, image-field geometry test, spatial resolution test, low-contrast iodine detectability test, wire resolution test, phantom entrance dose test. Proposed reference levels are as follows: PAE < ± 10% in tube voltage test, PAE < ± 15% in tube current test, minimum 2.3 mmAl at 80 kVp in HVL test, minimum ‘acceptable’ level at image-field geometry test, 0.8 lp/㎜ for detector size of 34-40㎝, 1.0 lp/㎜ for detector size of 28-33㎝, 1.2 lp/㎜ for detector size of 22-27㎝ in spatial resolution test, minimum 200㎎/㏄ in low contrast iodine detectability test, phantom entrance dose should be under 10R/min, 0.012inch wire should be seen at static wire resolution test, and 0.022 inch wire should be seen at moving wire resolution test.

DIGRAD Phantom의 성능 평가

강병삼 ( Byung Sam Kang ),김현수 ( Hyun Soo Kim ),동경래 ( Kyung Rae Dong ),여화연 ( Hwa Yeon Yeo ) 조선대학교 공학기술연구원 2012 공학기술논문지 Vol.5 No.4

In modern, medical imaging and radiation fields using advances in technology, depending on the expansion of the area medical equipment has been developed by several digital radiographic image quality is excellent, however improved the other hand, due to the high dose of over-exposure and the risk of personal exposure have been increased to reduce individual exposure has increased the need for quality control. Digital Radiography (DIGRAD) Phantom of the present study using DlGRAD Phantom Seoul and Gyeonggi metropolitan area hospitals and educational institutions within the general target shooting conditions, The value of the abdomen changing of mAs Spatial resolution test, dynamic range test, low contrast resolution test, uniformity test were conducted by comparing the measured value. Diagnostic X-ray unit with a total of 11 units of experimental results Spatial resolution test target in the five devices, dynamic range test equipment at the three, low contrast resolution test equipment from a single uniformity test showed more than a total of 11 additional units used in this study was normal in both. As a result of this experiment, the data obtained in the conventional high-dose used in patients we did not as low-dose showed that there was no change in image quality. The results of this study, most of the equipment throughout the experiment about hospital management is in good condition a than is necessary for patients given high dose were found to lend to. Therefore, each hospital is now little more than recognize the importance of quality control must be a lot of studies about the management of patient dose will be needed.