ApoB/ApoA-I ratio is independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis in type 2 diabetes mellitus with well-controlled LDL cholesterol levels

( Ji Eun Jun ),( Young Ju Choi ),( Yong-ho Lee ),( Dae Jung Kim ),( Seok Won Park ),( Byung Wook Huh ),( Eun Jig Lee ),( Sun-ha Jee ),( Kyu Yeon Hur ),( Sung Hee Choi ),( Kap Bum Huh ) 대한내과학회 2018 The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine Vol.33 No.1

Background/Aims: This study aimed to investigate whether the apolipoprotein (Apo) B/ApoA-I ratio is associated with carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) subjects with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels less than 100 mg/dL. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 845 subjects aged with T2DM 40 to 75 years who had visited Huh’s Diabetes Center in Seoul, Republic of Korea for CIMT measurement. Traditional fasting lipid profiles, ApoB and ApoA-I levels were examined. CIMT was measured at three points on the far wall of 1 cm long section of the common carotid artery in the proximity of the carotid bulb. The mean value of six measurements from right and left carotid arteries were used as the mean CIMT. In this study, carotid atherosclerosis was defined as having a focal plaque or diffuse thickening of the carotid wall (mean CIMT ≥ 1.0 mm) Results: The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis increased with ApoB/ApoA-I ratio. The ApoB/ApoA-I ratio, expressed as both quartiles (odds ratio [OR], 2.14; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.21 to 3.79; p for trend = 0.014) and continuous values (OR, 10.05; 95% CI, 3.26 to 30.97; p < 0.001), was significantly associated with a higher risk for carotid atherosclerosis, regardless of conventional cardiovascular disease risk factors. The optimal ApoB/ApoA-I ratio cutoff value for detecting carotid atherosclerosis was 0.57, based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis with a sensitivity of 58.0% and a specificity of 55.1%. Conclusions: A high ApoB/ApoA-I ratio was significantly associated with carotid atherosclerosis in T2DM patients with LDL-C levels less than 100 mg/dL.

高速道路 休日割增制의 介入效果分析

허명회,이종한,정용찬 高麗大學校統計硏究所 1987 應用統計 Vol.2 No.1

고속도로 休日割增制의 정책介入效果를 통계적으로 분석·평가하려는 것이 本 小考의 목적이다. 박스-젠킨스 방법에 의한 時系列 介入效果(intervention analysis)의 결과, 休日割增制로 인한 일요일·공휴일 승용차 통행량의 감소는 制度의 시행 전 기대했던 19.2%에 못 미치는 10.6%에 그치고 말았음을 알아내었다.

제주지역 전분폐수의 발생실태 및 처리특성에 관한 연구

허목,이용두 제주대학교 환경연구소 1993 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.1 No.-

In recent years, the wastewater from starch process which includes very high concentration of organic solids has emerged as a serious environmental pollutions around Cheju. Therefore, in this study we try to obtain the data for the characteristics of the wastewater produced from each starch production process. Based on sedimentation and biodegradation tests, the effectiveness of the biological treatment is accessed. The result from this study were summarized as follows : 1. Starch wastewater was produced 10∼15㎥ raw materials per 1 ton and wastewater contained TBOD of 20-25kg, this results means that treatment method of starch wastewater was suited biological wastewater treatment process. 2. SS removal efficiency was 50% in sedimentation basin for 2 hours sediment. 3. At this conditions, MLSS, HRT and F/M ratios a r e 260㎖/ℓ, 14-17hr and 0.15-0.25, removal efficency of BOD, N and P were best condition by biodegradation test.

植物性 農藥開發에 關한 硏究 : Effecfs of Several Factors of Polyonum Spencies on Insecticidal Activity. 3. 여뀌 抽出液의 殺蟲效果에 影響을 주는 要因에 關하여

許麟洙,金容煥,柳泰錫 慶尙大學校 1976 論文集 Vol.15 No.-

In order to elucidate the influence of various factors on the insecticidal activity of the chloroform extract of Polygonum species, a brief experiment was carred out. The results obtained were as follows. 1. Physicochemical nature of the extreact: a) Stable to temperature (heat) and sunlight. b) Stable to pH (1.5-11.0) c) Soluble in organic solvents, insoluble in other solvents. d) Stable to KIO, TCA, HCI, NaCl, NaOH and KOH. 2. Potency: a) Most effective in trituration b) Increased by higher purity c) Augmented when suspended or emulsified the extract with kerasin and soap solution d) Augmented when the extract was chlorinated.

新興工業國의 國家役割에 관한 理論的 考察

許容茂 단국대학교 정책과학연구소 1989 정책과학연구 Vol.1 No.-

전문가 시스템 기법을 이용한 사출성형 해석 및 평가 시스템에 관한 연구

허용정 韓國技術敎育大學校 1996 論文集 Vol.3 No.1

The design and manufacture of injection molded polymeric parts with desired properties is a costly process dominated by empiricism, including the interactive modification of prototype toolings. In this paper, an interactive computer-based design system for injection molding is developed in order to realize the concept of rational design for the productivity and quality of mold making. The knowledge-based synthesis system being developed in this paper combines a rule-based expert system with analytical process simulation programs in a synergistical manner. Quick and logical evaluations on the design of molded parts can be made on the scientific analysis and the accumulated experts' knowledge.

住宅政策手段의 循環性을 통한 技術官僚의 學習

許容茂 단국대학교 대학원 1987 學術論叢 Vol.11 No.-

The primary purpose of the present study is to inquire into the learning attitude of technocrats through housing policy instrument adopted in our country after the Park regime, find out its restrictive factors, if any, and to retrospect the background of our public policy. Even though there has been some difference to a certain extent in major policy strategy after the Park regime, the export­oriented policy for high economic growth has been persistently followed ever since. In the strict since, there has been almost no major national policies which are not closely related to the enlargement for export performance for economic development.Such economic growth powth has also affected seriously the housing policy which was once considered to be implemented without being influenced significantly by the overseas sector. Consequently it has actually resulted in the alteration of the housing policy along with the changes of the international and domestic situations. During the worldwide deprssion after the oil crisis which our country unexceptionally experienced twice, the government modified its housing policy in order to enliven domestic economic activities. Thus the housing policy was used as perk­up instrument, because housing itself has the nature of a compound property, which is relatively free from being affected by the overseas sector, and is an object of social concern. This instrumental nature of the housing policy, has been persistently appeared since the Yushin (Revitalizing Reform) period was put an end. This can be seen from the fact that the rate of enticyclical change was 33%­100% during the period. The technocrats played an active role in using the housing policy as an instrument of business buoyance and its results were recognized. Therefore it seems that the technocrats have learned much in the course of the repeated employment of such policy instrument in the midst of counter­cycle. However, judging from the fact that the rate of anticlyclical change during the periods of 1972­1974 and 1978­1980 when the world economy showed a downward trend, was zero percent, the effectiveness of the policy instrument expected earlier may be considered negligible. This suggests that the changes in policy style and world economy are the factors that strongly restrict the learning ability of the technocrats.

서귀포시 축산폐수의 발생특성에 관한 연구

허목,이용두,이민규 제주대학교 환경연구소 1993 환경연구논문집 : 제주대 Vol.1 No.-

As a part of basic investigation and research the present condition and characteristics of livestock wastewater production in Sogwipo City is accessed. Based on the current data a trend of the livestock wastewater production for the furture is predicted. This is our purpose to facilitate this report as a basic guide-line for the furture livestock wastewater treatment. The result of this study are summarized as follows : 1. Breeding households of livestocks (swine. beef cattle, chicken) decrease every year, but the number of heads per household are increased each year. 2. BOD-loading per day of beef cattles wastewaters investigated 59.2kg. and pollution loadings are suspected 38.3 BODkg/day at 2001 year. 3. The quanity of swine wastewaters were counted 12.4ℓ/head·day, BOD-loadings were reached 45.6kg and suspected same values at 2001 year

小型高速 Diesel機關의 燃燒室特性과 傾向에 對한 考察

許永根 東亞大學校 1966 東亞論叢 Vol.3 No.-

Successful combustion inside the cylinders of a diesel engine depends on the prevalence of the following four conditions: 1. Fine atomization 2. High temperature for prompt ignition 3. High relative velocity between fuel and air particles 4. Good mixing of fuel and air particles Atomization, penetration, and "dispersion" (spreading) of the fuel depend largely on the injection system. Compression ratio, cylinder dimensions, and cooling arrangements determine the temperature conditions Mixing depends on the proper relation of the injection pattern, the air, intake system, and the shape of the combustion space formed by the cylinder bead, the cylinder walls, and the piston crouen. The important factors in bringing the temperature up to the level needed for prompt ignition are compression ratio and engine size. In a smallbore engine, the surface of the combustion space is large, relative to its volume, and the coolwater-jackets lower considerably the temperature of the compressed charge. To offset this, smallbore engines generally use higher compression ratios to produce higher temperatures. Another important reason for higher compression ratios in small-bore engines is the fact that such engines run at high speeds. This reduces the time available for combustion and requires reducing the ignition delay: higher compression shortens the delay period. The remaining essential factor in combustion is air motion, which is necessary for good mixing most combustion spaces, even the simplest, produce some stirring of the air, or "turbulence," and this is sufficient for engines with fairly large cylinder bores and operating at low or medium speeds. On the other hand, small-bore, high speed engines require highly developed combustion chambers to prepare the fuel charge and produce the conditions needed for complete combustion in the fantastically short time available. We'll look into some various of combustion chambers. The combustion chambers generally used in compression-ignition engines may be classified under three heads, the directed sprected spray type, the air-swirl type, and the pre-combustion chamber type. The distinguishing characteristic of directed-spray type is that mixing of the fuel and air is accomplished chiefly by directing the spray so that fuel will be projected to all parts of the combustion chamber during the injection process. This usually requires subdivision of the spray and use of high injection pressures. The system is the most common and successful for relatively low-speed engines (large cylinder sizes) and with considerable excess air. The effectiveness of the mixing process is not generally sufficient to permit operation of high-speed engines of this type with small amounts of excess air. The air-swirl system, which rapid motion of air passes the jet, is used to secure good mixing. A single jet is usually sufficient and spray characteristics are less important than in the directed-spray type, Good performance with a small amount of excess air at relatively high r.p.m. is possible with this type. Excellent performance has been obtained with this type. The pre-combustion chamber type utilizes the early stages of combustion to secure rapid mixing. Fuel is injected into a bottle-necked chamber which comprises only part of the combustion space. The first part of combustion occurs in this space and the resultant expansion projects a large portion of the contents of the pre-combustion chamber out through the "bottle-neck"so violently that the effective mixing of the air and unburned fuel is secured Spray characteristics are even less important than in the air-swirl type. By proper detail design and proper proportioning of the volume of the pre combustion chamber relative to the whole combustion space the rate of combustion in the second and third stages is subject to some control. With combustion chambers having compartments separated from the cylinder by small passages both heat loss and pumping friction are likly to relatively high. The heat lost during compression may cause difficulty in starting a cold engine. High compression ratios and "glow plugs" are usually necessary for starting. Many of the combustion chambers have stainless steel liners which have poor thermal contact with the water-cooled parts, and therefore run at high temperatures, projection of the fuel spray against these hot surfaces helps to keep the delay period short. The question of variation of optimum injection timing with speed for the various types of combustion chamber is of considerable practical interest. In the directed spray and pro-chamber types the process of mixing fuel and air is a function of time rather than of engine speed, and hence ocuepies more degrees of crank rotation as r.p.m. are increased. Thus the injection timing must be "advanced" with these types as speed increases. In those types dependent for mixing on air flow(swirl) past the jet, the velocity of air flow increases with engine speed, and optimum injection timing tends to vary less with changes of speed. In many engines of the later type a fixed injection timing is satisfactory over a considerable speed range.

웹기반 크리프 물성 데이터베이스 개발

허용학,백운봉,이완규,박휘립,정인현 한국산업안전학회 2002 한국안전학회지 Vol.17 No.4

User-friendly-web-based database system for searching creep property data was developed. This system includes about 38000 creep data for 270 different materials including low carbon steel, stainless steel and alloy steel. Data on creep rupture, creep deformation, creep crack growth and creeping materials can be searched through this system. Retrieved data is displayed in numeric form and also presented in graphical form for visualizing the data. Furthermore, the creep rupture data is designed to be fitted to a regression equation of logarithmic stress using time-temperature parameter(TTP). The degree of the regression equation, orthogonal polynomials, was determined using analysis of variance.