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Yoo, Soo-Cheul,Cho, Sung-Hwan,Sugimoto, Hiroki,Li, Jinjie,Kusumi, Kensuke,Koh, Hee-Jong,Iba, Koh,Paek, Nam-Chon American Society of Plant Physiologists 2009 PLANT PHYSIOLOGY - Vol.150 No.1
<P>The virescent3 (v3) and stripe1 (st1) mutants in rice (Oryza sativa) produce chlorotic leaves in a growth stage-dependent manner under field conditions. They are temperature-conditional mutants that produce bleached leaves at a constant 20 degrees C or 30 degrees C but almost green leaves under diurnal 30 degrees C/20 degrees C conditions. Here, we show V3 and St1, which encode the large and small subunits of ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), RNRL1, and RNRS1, respectively. RNR regulates the rate of deoxyribonucleotide production for DNA synthesis and repair. RNRL1 and RNRS1 are highly expressed in the shoot base and in young leaves, and the expression of the genes that function in plastid transcription/translation and in photosynthesis is altered in v3 and st1 mutants, indicating that a threshold activity of RNR is required for chloroplast biogenesis in developing leaves. There are additional RNR homologs in rice, RNRL2 and RNRS2, and eukaryotic RNRs comprise alpha(2)beta(2) heterodimers. In yeast, RNRL1 interacts with RNRS1 (RNRL1:RNRS1) and RNRL2:RNRS2, but no interaction occurs between other combinations of the large and small subunits. The interacting activities are RNRL1:RNRS1 > RNRL1:rnrs1(st1) > rnrl1(v3):RNRS1 > rnrl1(v3):rnrs1(st1), which correlate with the degree of chlorosis for each genotype. This suggests that missense mutations in rnrl1(v3) and rnrs1(st1) attenuate the first alphabeta dimerization. Moreover, wild-type plants exposed to a low concentration of an RNR inhibitor, hydroxyurea, produce chlorotic leaves without growth retardation, reminiscent of v3 and st1 mutants. We thus propose that upon insufficient activity of RNR, plastid DNA synthesis is preferentially arrested to allow nuclear genome replication in developing leaves, leading to continuous plant growth.</P>
Quantitative trait loci controlling the amino acid content in rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Yoo, Soo-Cheul The Korean Society of Plant Biotechnology 2017 식물생명공학회지 Vol.44 No.4
The amino acid composition of rice is a major concern of rice breeders because amino acids are among the most important nutrient components in rice. In this study, a genetic map was constructed with a population of 134 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a cross between Dasanbyeo (Tongil-type indica) and TR22183 (temperate japonica), as a means to detect the main and epistatic effect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for the amino acid content (AAC). Using a linkage map which covered a total of 1458 cM based on 239 molecular marker loci, a total of six main-effect QTLs (M-QTLs) was identified for the content of six amino acids that were mapped onto chromosome 3. For all the M-QTLs, the TR22183 allele increased the trait values. The QTL cluster (flanked by id3015453 and id3016090) on chromosome 3 was associated with the content of five amino acids. The phenotypic variation, explained by the individual QTLs located in this cluster, ranged from 10.2 to 12.4%. In addition, 26 epistatic QTLs (Ep-QTLs) were detected and the 25 loci involved in this interaction were distributed on all nine chromosomes. Both the M-QTLs and Ep-QTLs detected in this study will be useful in breeding programs which target the development of rice with improved amino acid composition.
Soo-Cheul Yoo,Bon-Hyuk Koo,Choon-Tak Kwon,Nam-Chon Paek 한국육종학회 2014 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2014 No.07
Heading date and photoperiod sensitivity are fundamental traits that determine rice adaptation to a wide range of geographic environments. By quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping and candidate gene analysis using wholegenome re-sequencing, we found that Oryza sativa Pseudo-Response Regulator37 (OsPRR37; hereafter PRR37) is responsible for the Early heading7-2 (EH7-2)/Heading date2 (Hd2) QTL which was identified from a cross of late-heading rice ‘Milyang23 (M23)’ and early-heading rice ‘H143’. H143 contains a missense mutation of an invariantly conserved amino acid in the CCT (CONSTANS, CO-like, and TOC1) domain of PRR37 protein. In the world rice collection, different types of nonfunctional PRR37 alleles were found in many European and Asian rice cultivars. Notably, the japonica varieties harboring nonfunctional alleles of both Ghd7/Hd4 and PRR37/Hd2 flower extremely early under natural long-day conditions, and are adapted to the northernmost regions of rice cultivation, up to 53° N latitude. Genetic analysis revealed that the effects of PRR37 and Ghd7 alleles on heading date are additive, and PRR37 down-regulates Hd3a expression to suppress flowering under long-day conditions. Our results demonstrate that natural variations in PRR37/Hd2 and Ghd7/Hd4 have contributed to the expansion of rice cultivation to temperate and cooler regions
연구논문 : 사회과학; 미국 캘리포니아 자포니카벼 재배 및 현황
유수철 ( Soo Cheul Yoo ) 한국국제농업개발학회 2013 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.25 No.2
1. 미국에서는 지난 10여년간 벼를 주식으로 소비하는 아시아계와 라틴 아메리카계 인구의 급격한 증가와 더불어 사회적 건강에 대한 관심의 증대로 인해 벼의 생산과 소비가 점차적으로 증가하고 있다. 2. 미국에서 생산되는 모든 벼의 99 퍼센트가 알칸소, 캘리포니아, 루이지애나, 미시시피, 미주리, 텍사스 등의 6개 주에서 생산되고 있으며, 주로 인디카 장립종을 재배하고 있는 다른 주에 비해 캘리포니아에서는 주로 자포니카 중립종과 단립 종을 재배하고 있다. 3. 캘리포니아는 이상적인 기후와 충분한 농업용수의 공급 및 혁신적인 농업 기술의 이용으로 미국에서 가장 높은 9,000 kg/ha이상의 수량을 보이고 있으며, 레이저를 이용한 토지 평탄 시스템의 도입과 관수 시스템의 재순환을 통해 농업 용수 이용효율을 지난 30년간 1/3 정도 향상시켰다. 4. 캘리포니아에 벼재배에서 사용되는 종자의 90% 이상은 종자의 순도유지 및 잡초 종자의 유입을 배제하기 위해 등록 및 특화된 종자를 사용하고 있으며, 주요 파종 방법은 최아된 종자를 이용한 100% 담수직파에 의존하고 있다. 균형있는 비료의 시비를 위해 질소비료 및 다른 형태의 비료를 토양 및 식물의 잎조직분석법의 의해 평가된 비료 요구도에 따라 기비 및 추비의 형태로 살포한다. 5. 캘리포니아의 벼담수직파방법은 적미와 다른 잡초를 제어하는 효율적인 재배기술인 반면 담수 환경에서 발생하는 높은 농업용수공급 비용, 벼유묘활착이나 초기 생육을 방해하는 수 많은 무척추동물종의 출현, 새롭게 출현하는 제초제 저항성 수생잡초 등의 문제를 해결하는 것이 시급한 과제로 남아 있다. Rice production and consumption in the United States of America (U.S.) have been increasing with a greater public health concerns as well as growing Asian and Hispanic populations with a preference for rice. More than 99 percent of all rice grown in the U.S. is produced in six states: Arkansas, California, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri and Texas. California grows mainly japonica medium and short grain varieties, while other states produce indica long grain varieties with some medium grain. In California, ideal climate, ample water supply and innovative farming techniques result in the highest rice yields (more than 9,000kg/ha) in the U.S. Application of laser-guided land leveling system and recirculating irrigation systems has improved water use efficiency by more than one-third in the last 30 years. More than 90% of all rice fields in California are planted with registered and certified seed to maintain varietal purity and the absence of weed seed, and primary method for seeding is water seeding with pregerminated seeds. For balanced fertilization, nitrogen and other fertilizers are applied preplant and/ or topdressing according to fertilization requirement assessed by soil and plant leaf tissue analyses. Finally, water-seeding rice is an effective cultural system to control red rice and other weeds, whereas it gives rise to the emergence of numerous species of invertebrate animals that hinder rice seedling establishment and early-season growth as well as the high water supply cost in California rice production.
Rice FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX 1 (OsFKF1) promotes flowering independent of photoperiod.
Su-Hyun Han,Soo-Cheul Yoo,Nam-Chon Paek 한국육종학회 2015 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2015 No.07
In the facultative long-day (LD) plant Arabidopsis thaliana, FLAVIN-BINDING, KELCH REPEAT, F-BOX1 (FKF1) is activated by blue light and promotes flowering through the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of CONSTANS under inductive LD conditions. By contrast, the facultative short day (SD) plant rice (Oryza sativa) flowers early under inductive SD and late under non-inductive LD conditions; the regulatory function of OsFKF1 remains elusive. Here we show that osfkf1 mutants flower late under SD, LD, and natural LD conditions. Transcriptional analysis revealed that OsFKF1 up-regulates expression of the floral activator Ehd2 and down-regulates expression of the floral repressor Ghd7; these regulators up- and down-regulate Ehd1 expression, respectively. Moreover, OsFKF1 can upregulate Ehd1 expression under blue light treatment, without affecting the expression of Ehd2 and Ghd7. In contrast to the LD-specific floral activator Arabidopsis FKF1, OsFKF1 likely acts as an autonomous floral activator because it promotes flowering independent of photoperiod, probably via its distinct roles in controlling expression of rice-specific genes including Ehd2, Ghd7, and Ehd1. Like Arabidopsis FKF1, which interacts with GI and CDF1, OsFKF1 also interacts with OsGI and OsCDF1 (also termed OsDOF12). Thus, we have identified similar and distinct roles of FKF1 in Arabidopsis and rice.