Cynara scolymus L. Inhibits the LPS-induced Inflammatory Reaction via Suppression of NF-κB Activity in RAW 264.7 Cells

Kyung-Jun Boo(Kyung-Jun Boo),Kiman Lee(Kiman Lee),Il-Ho Park(Il-Ho Park),Tae Jin Kang(Tae Jin Kang) 대한약학회 2023 약학회지 Vol.67 No.1

Cynara scolymus L. (artichoke) has been traditionally used in the treatment of digestive-related disease, severe hyperlipidemia and liver disease. Recently, anti-inflammatory effect of artichoke has been reported by several studies, but its mechanisms are still unclear. In this study, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of artichoke was studied using an in vitro acute inflammation model. The effect of artichoke on the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin- 1beta (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in murine macrophage cell line, RAW264.7, was examined by using ELISA and RT-PCR. As a result, artichoke inhibited the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α in macrophages activated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) at a dose dependent manner. The expression of inflammatory mediators such as NO and PGE2 was next investigated in RAW264.7 cells stimulated with LPS. Artichoke also inhibited the production of NO and PGE2 in the cells at a dose dependent manner. Artichoke suppressed the mRNA expression of iNOS and COX-2 in macrophages by LPS. The effect of artichoke on the activation of NF-κB was examined and LPS-induced NF-κB activation was decreased by treatment of artichoke, suggesting that artichoke has anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting NF- κB activation.

Chronological changes in inflammatory cytokines immunoreactivities in the mouse hippocampus after systemic administration of high dosage of tetanus toxin.

Yan, Bing Chun,Park, Joon Ha,Kim, In Hye,Shin, Bich Na,Ahn, Ji Hyeon,Yoo, Ki-Yeon,Lee, Deuk-Sik,Kim, Myong Jo,Kang, Il-Jun,Won, Moo-Ho Springer-Verlag 2012 Experimental brain research Vol.223 No.2

<P>Tetanus toxin (TeT) is an exotoxin and has a capacity for neuronal binding and internalization. In the present study, we compared changes in the immunoreactivities and protein levels of interleukin (IL-) 2 as a pro-inflammatory cytokine and IL-4 as an anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus proper (HP) and dentate gyrus (DG) after systemic treatment of 10 or 100?ng/kg TeT into mice. In this study, we could not find any neuronal damage or loss in any subregions of the hippocampus after TeT treatment. In the control groups, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum pyramidal (SP) of the HP and in the granule cell layer (GCL) of the DG. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-2 immunoreactivity was hardly detected in the SP and GCL; however, strong IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the stratum oriens of the HP in both the groups. Thereafter, intermediate IL-2 immunoreactivity was shown in the SP and GCL. On the other hand, intermediate IL-4 immunoreactivity was detected in the SP and GCL of the control groups. At 6?h post-treatment, IL-4 immunoreactivity in the SP and GCL was apparently increased. Thereafter, IL-4 immunoreactivity was lower than that at 6?h post-treatment. In brief, IL-2 and 4 immunoreactivities were easily detected in SP and GCL in the controls and dramatically decreased and increased at 6?h post-treatment, respectively.</P>

Thymol attenuates the worsening of atopic dermatitis induced by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> membrane vesicles

Kwon, Hyo Il,Jeong, Na Hee,Jun, So Hyun,Son, Joo Hee,Kim, Shukho,Jeon, Hyejin,Kang, Sun Chul,Kim, Sang Hyun,Lee, Je Chul Elsevier 2018 INTERNATIONAL IMMUNOPHARMACOLOGY Vol.59 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P> <I>Staphylococcus aureus</I> membrane vesicles (MVs) aggravate atopic dermatitis (AD) through the delivery of bacterial effector molecules to host cells and the stimulation of inflammatory responses. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of thymol, a phenolic monoterpene found in essential oils derived from plants, on the worsening of AD induced by <I>S. aureus</I> MVs both <I>in vitro</I> and <I>in vivo</I>. The sub-minimal inhibitory concentrations of thymol disrupted <I>S. aureus</I> MVs. Intact <I>S. aureus</I> MVs induced the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α) and chemokine (IL-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) genes in cultured keratinocytes, whereas thymol-treated <I>S. aureus</I> MVs did not stimulate the expression of these genes. Topical application of thymol-treated <I>S. aureus</I> MVs or treatment with thymol after intact <I>S. aureus</I> MVs to AD-like skin lesions diminished the pathology of AD. This included decreases in epidermal/dermal thickness and infiltration of eosinophils/mast cells, and inhibited expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes in mouse AD model. Moreover, thymol significantly suppressed the Th1, Th2, and Th17-mediated inflammatory responses in AD-like skin lesions induced by <I>S. aureus</I> MVs, and reduced the serum levels of immunoglobulin (Ig) G2a, mite-specific IgE, and total IgE. In summary, thymol disrupts <I>S. aureus</I> MVs and suppresses inflammatory responses in AD-like skin lesions aggravated by <I>S. aureus</I> MVs. Our results suggest that thymol is a possible candidate for the management of AD aggravation induced by <I>S. aureus</I> colonization or infection in the lesions.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> The subMICs of thymol disrupt <I>S. aureus</I> membrane vesicles (MVs). </LI> <LI> Thymol-treated <I>S. aureus</I> MVs do not induce inflammatory responses in keratinocytes. </LI> <LI> Thymol inhibits worsening of AD-like lesions induced by <I>S. aureus</I> MVs. </LI> </UL> </P>

TPA로 유도된 마우스 귀 부종 동물모델에서 소목추출물의 항염증 효과

음원식(Won Sik Eum),이광재(Kwang-Jae Lee),김대원(Dae Won Kim),임순성(Soon Sung Lim),강일준(Il-Jun Kang),박진서(Jinseu Park),최수영(Soo Young Choi) 한국식품영양과학회 2013 한국식품영양과학회지 Vol.42 No.3

본 연구를 통하여 TPA로 유도한 마우스 귀 부종 염증반응에 대한 소목추출물의 항염증 효능과 기전을 확인하였다. 소목추출물은 TPA로 유도한 마우스 귀 부종을 억제하였으며, TPA에 의한 염증관련 단백질인 COX-2 발현 및 cytokine(IL-6, TNF-α 그리고 IL-1β)의 mRNA 발현을 현저히 감소시켰다. 또한 TPA에 의한 NF-κB 및 MAPK의 활성을 억제하였다. 본 연구 결과, 소목추출물은 NF-κB 및 MAPK의 신호전달을 억제함으로서 항염증 효능을 나타내었다. This study investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of extracts from Caesalpinia sappan L. (CSL) on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced ear edema in mice. Skin inflammation was detected by immunohistochemistry and the protein and mRNA expression levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and cytokines (IL-6, IL-1β and TNF-α) detected by Western blotting and RT-PCR. The activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) were analyzed by Western blotting. CSL extracts markedly inhibited the TPA-induced expression of COX-2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Also, CSL extracts significantly reduced the activation of NF-κB and MAPK. These results suggest that CSL extracts may serve as therapeutic agents against skin diseases related to inflammation.

Bog blueberry anthocyanins alleviate photoaging in ultraviolet-B irradiation-induced human dermal fibroblasts

Bae, Ji-Young,Lim, Soon Sung,Kim, Sun Ju,Choi, Jung-Suk,Park, Jinseu,Ju, Sung Mi,Han, Seoung Jun,Kang, Il-Jun,Kang, Young-Hee WILEY-VCH Verlag 2009 Molecular Nutrition & Food Research (Print) Vol.53 No.6

<P>Fruits of bog blueberry (Vaccinium uliginosum L.) are rich in anthocyanins that contribute pigmentation. Anthocyanins have received much attention as agents with potentials preventing chronic diseases. This study investigated the capacity of anthocyanin-rich extract from bog blueberry (ATH-BBe) to inhibit photoaging in UV-B-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts. BBe anthocyanins were detected as cyanidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, malvidin-3-glucoside, and delphinidin3-glucoside. ATH-BBe attenuated UV-B-induced toxicity accompanying reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and the resultant DNA damage responsible for activation of p53 and Bad. Preincubation of ATH-BBe markedly suppressed collagen degradation via blunting production of collagenolytic matrix metalloproteinases (MMP). Additionally, ATH-BBe enhanced UV-B-downregulated procollagen expression at transcriptional levels. We next attempted to explore whether ATH-BBe mitigated the MMP-promoted collagen degradation through blocking nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) activation and MAPK-signaling cascades. UV-B radiation enhanced nuclear translocation of NF-κB, which was reversed by treatment with ATH-BBe. The UV-B irradiation rapidly activated apoptosis signal-regulating kinase-1 (ASK-1)-signaling cascades of JNK and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), whereas ATH-BBe hampered phosphorylation of c-Jun, p53, and signal transducers and activators of transcription-1 (STAT-1) linked to these MAPK signaling pathways. ATH-BBe diminished UV-B augmented-release of inflammatory interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8. These results demonstrate that ATH-BBe dampens UV-B-triggered collagen destruction and inflammatory responses through modulating NF-κB-responsive and MAPK-dependent pathways. Therefore, anthocyanins from edible bog blueberry may be protective against UV-induced skin photoaging.</P>

L-Moment 법을 이용한 지역적 가뭄빈도분포형 결정

강인식,신형우,이종규,박준일 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

To quantitatively investigate the nationwide drought characteristics and to comparatively evaluate the drought severity, regional frequency analysis developed from cumulative monthly precipitation series is made for the meteorological stations in each of the 15 subbasins covering the whole nation. The best-fit probability distribution is chosen by the method of frequency analysis made the discordancy measure for each stations, the regional heterogeneous measure and the goodness-of-fit measure, the probability distributions fitted drought precipitation series are multi-parameter probability distributions, The method of L-moments is used to determine the unbiased parameters of each distribution and the best-fit distribution for each subbasin of various durations(4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 months) with return periods of 2, 5, 10, 20, 50, and 100 years are estimated. This study is focused on suggesting the method determines the drought precipitation of the durations and return periods of each regions by the probabilistic analysis.

플루옥세틴 캅셀제의 지원자에 대한 생체이용율 및 대사율 비교

강원구,박용순,조규행,최준식,권광일 충남대학교 약학대학 의약품개발연구소 1998 藥學論文集 Vol.14 No.-

Fluoxetine is a nontricyclic antidepressant which blocks serotonin reuptake selectively. Its N-demethyl metabolite, norfluoxetine is also selective inhibitor of serotonin uptake. This study was carried out to compare the bioavailability of Myung-in fluoxetine (20 ㎎/cap with that of Prozac?. The bioavailability was conducted on 24 healthy volunteers who received a single dose (80 ㎎) of each drug in the fasting state, in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 48 hours. plasma was analyzed for fluoxetine and norfluoxetine by a sensitive and validated HPLC assay. The major pharmacokinetic parameters (AUC_0-48hr, Cmax, Tmax. AUC_inf.. MRT. T_1/2. Vd and Cl) were clculated from the plasma fluoxetine concentration-time data of each volunteer. The microcomputer program. "WinNonlin' was used for compartmental analysis. A two-compartment model with first-order inpot, first-order output and no lag time was chosen as the most appropriate phamacokinetic model. The data were best described by using a weighting factor of 1/y^2. Though the plasma fluoxetine concentrations of Myung-in fluoxetine were higher than those of Prozac® at all observed time from 7.9% to 16.9% (P<0.05 at 6, 7 and 10 hr), the bioavailability of Myung-in fluoxetine appeared to be bioequivalent with that of Prozac®. There were no statistical significant differences between the two drugs in al pharmacokinetic parameters including AUC_0-48hr of norfluoxetine.

6K21-T4 알루미늄 합금 레이저 용접부의 기계적 성질에 미치는 필러 와이어의 영향

윤종원,강준일 동의대학교 산업기술개발연구소 2006 産業技術硏究誌 Vol.20 No.-

6xxx(Al-Mg-Si) alloy is candidate material for eco-friendly car (lightweight car body structure and panels) due to their good combination of strength and formability. 6K21 aluminum alloy sheet of 1㎜ and 2㎜ thickness were TB(tailored blank) welded using continuous wave Nd:YAG laser with and without 4043 filler wire. The effect of filler wire on the weldability of 6K21 alloy was investigated. The weld metal composition was changed by feeding the 4043 filler wire containing 5wt.% Si. Solidification cracking in the weld metal was substantially reduced when the filler wire was used. Tensile strength and formability of the welds were improved compared to those of welds made without filler wires. It was revealed by EPMA analysis and image mapping that the abundant amount of Al-Si eutectic existed particularly at the interdendritic sites or grain boundaries and thus the eutectic prevented the solidification cracking in the weld metal.

L-Moment 법을 이용한 지점가뭄빈도 해석

유재성,강인식,박준일,신형우 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

In this research, the drought analysis was derived with monthly rainfall data from 59 stations from the Korea meteorological Administration. the point frequency analysis was derived with L-moment's method and indicated the fitted probability distribution for 59 points. also estimating the probability drought rainfall of the duration(4, 6, 8, 10, 12 months) and return period(2, 5, 10, 20, 50, 100 years). Thus, indicated probability drought rainfall frequency figure for whole area of country.

연강우량 자료를 이용한 수문시계열의 특성 분석

유재성,강인식,박준일,신형우 慶尙大學校生産技術硏究所 1999 生産技術硏究所論文集 Vol.15 No.-

As the water resources planning is work out, it should have stationarity and randomness to be used hydrological time series data for frequency analysis or modeling which are kinds of probability analysis. But, in the case of domestic, we assume that the hydrological time series data is stationarity but, is not randomness, so it is usual to work out the hydrological analysis. Therefore, as a result, we can not be eliminate the possibility that the hydrological analysis brings about distorted results. Accordingly, in this research, to analysis the properties of hydrological time series data, the trend test, stationary and randomness test were used. The summary of results is as below. Result of the properties of hydrological time series data, in most of the points, the tendency is not indicated, the time series was revealed as randomness which does not have hydrological persistence as definitely stationary. But, from data of yearly rainfall, points for Taegwallyong, Ullungdo, both nonstationarity and persistence were indicated.