L-THIA/NPS to Assess the Impacts of Urbanization on Estimated Runoff and NPS Pollution

임경재,비니드엥겔,김영석,최증대,김기성 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-

The land use changes from non-urban areas to urban areas lead to the increased impervious areas, consequently increased direct runoff and higher peak runoff. Urban areas have also been recognized as significant sources of Nonpoint Source (NPS) pollution, while agricultural activities have been known as the primary sources of NPS pollution. Many features of the L-THIA/NPS GIS, L-THIA/NPS WWW system have been enhanced to provide easy-to-use system. The L-THIA model was applied to the Little Eagle Creek (LEC) watershed in Indiana to evaluate the accuracy of the model. The L-THIA/NPS GIS estimated yearly direct runoff values match the direct runoff separated from U.S. Geological Survey stream flow data reasonably. The R2 and Nash-Sutcliffe values are 0.67 and 0.60, respectively. The L-THIA estimated runoff volume and total nitrogen loading for each land use classification in the LEC watershed were computed. The estimated runoff volume and total nitrogen loading in the LEC watershed increased by 180% and 270% for the 20 years. Urbanized areas - "Commercial", "High Density Residential", and "Low Density Residential" of the LEC watershed made up around 68% of the 1991 total land areas, however contributed more than 92% of average annual runoff and 86% of total nitrogen loading. Therefore, it is essential to consider the impacts of land use change on hydrology and water quality in land use planning of urbanizing watershed.

Nutrient Enabled National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW Decision Support System for Agricultural Best Management Practices

임경재,버나드 엥겔,김기성,최중대 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-

National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) World Wide Web (WWW) 시스템(http;l//danpatch.ecn.purdue.edu/∼napra)은 다양한 영농방법에 따른 농약과 영양물질의 지표수/지하수 유실량을 웹에서 모?하고자 개발되었다. 단일 토양에 대해서 모의할 수 있는 Single Field 버전의 많은 기능이 개선되었고, 행정구역/수계 경계에 대해서 모의할 수 있는 County/Watershed 버전을 확장시켜, Web Geographic Information Systems (GIS) 버전의 NAPRA 시스템을 개발하였다. Web GIS 틀을 이용하면, 모의하고자 하는 지역을 마우스로 디지타이징 한 후 그 지역에대해서 영농방법에 따른 영향을 모의할 수 있다. 모의결과를 웹브라우저를 통해서 지도로 보여줄 뿐만 아니라, 그 결과를 데스크탑용 CIS에서 사용할 수 있는 포맷으로 제공한다. 모델을 운영하기 위하여 방대한 양의 입력자료가 필요하고, 일반 사용자가 준비하기 힘든 데이터들이 있는데, NAPRA WWW 시스템은 이러한 입력자료를 서버측 GIS, 데이타 베이스, 강우 및 온도 모델 예측치에서 추출하여 모델을 운영한다. 또한 모의결과를 방대한 양의 텍스트 파일이 아닌, 차트나, 테입블, 또는 지도형태로 보여주기 때문에, 농부와 같이 전문지식이 없는 사람이 이 시스템을 이용하여 여러가지 영농 방법 중에서 환경 친화적이면서 경제성을 유지 할수 있는 최적관리기법을 찾아낼 수 있다.

Development of Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control(SATEEC) in Small Small Scale Watershed

임경재,최중대,김기성,사공 명,버나드 엥겔 江原大學校 附設 環境硏究所 2003 環境硏究 Vol.20 No.-

The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used in over 100 countries to estimate potential long-term soil erosion from the field. However, the RUSLE estimated soil erosion cannot be used to estimate the sediment delivered to the stream networks. For an effective erosion control, it is necessary to compute sediment delivery ratio (SDR) for watershed and sediment yield at watershed outlet. Thus, the Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) was developed in this study to compute the sediment yield at any point in the watershed. To compute spatially distributed sediment yield map, the RUSLE was first integrated with the ArcView GIS and three area based sediment delivery ratio methods were incorporated in the SATEEC. The SATEEC was applied to the Bangdong watershed, Chuncheon, Gangwon Province to demonstrate how it can be used to estimate soil loss and sediment yield for a watershed. The sediment yield using USDA SDR method is 8,544 ton/year and 4,949 ton/year with the method by Boyce. Thus, use of watershed specific SDR is highly recommended when comparing the estimated sediment yield with the measured sediment data. The SATEEC was applied with hypothetical cropping scenario and it was found that the SATEEC can be used to assess the impacts of different management on the sediment delivered to the stream networks and to find the sediment source areas for a reach of interest. The SATEEC is an efficient tool to find the best erosion control practices with its easy-to-use interface.

L-THIA GIS 2013의 개선 및 적용

박윤식 ( Youn Shik Park ),임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ),( Larry Theller ),( Bernard A. Engel ) 한국농공학회 2014 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2014 No.-

The Long-Term Hydrologic Impact Assessment (L-THIA) model is a quick and straightforward analysis tool to estimate direct runoff and nonpoint source (NPS) pollution. The model requires modest effort to collect input data and uses the Soil Conservation Service - Curve Number (SCS-CN) approach to estimate direct runoff. L-THIA was originally implemented as a spreadsheet application. GIS-based versions of L-THIA have been developed in ArcView 3 and upgraded to ArcGIS 9. However, a major upgrade was required for L-THIA to operate in the current version of ArcGIS and to provide more options in runoff and NPS estimation. An updated L-THIA interfaced with ArcGIS 10.0 and 10.1 has been developed in the study as an ArcGIS Desktop Add-in Model. The model provides a user-friendly interface, easy access to the model parameters, and an automated watershed delineation process. Also, the model allows use of precipitation data from multiple gauge locations for the watershed when a watershed is large enough to have more than one precipitation gauge station. The model was applied to a 4,410 square kilometer watershed in which seven precipitation gauge stations are located. The model estimated annual direct runoff well compared to separated direct runoff in the calibration and validation periods of ten and nine years. The NSE and R² for the calibration period were 0.59 and 0.62, and they were 0.72 and 0.84 for the validation period. The L-THIA GIS 2013, with a user-friendly interface and enhanced functions, is expected to be a decision support model requiring less effort for GIS processes or to be a useful educational hydrology model.

Simulation of Effects of Swine Manure Application Rates on Nitrate Concentration in Runoff, Indiana, USA

( Kyoung Jae Lim ),( Bernard A. Engel ),( Ji Hong Jeon ),( Don Jones ),( Alan L. Sutton ),( Yong Sik Ok ),( Ki Sung Kim ),( Joong Dae Choi ) 한국환경농학회 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Livestock manure is an important source of nutrients for crop production. However, farmers typically do not know the exact nutrient values for livestock manure. In many instances, manure has been viewed as a waste, and as a result it is applied close to the source resulting in over application of nutrients. Thus, the goal of nutrient application has often been applied to reduce the application expense rather than to maximize crop income. This results in wasted money and potentially negative impacts on water quality. Several livestock manure management scenarios were created based on agronomic nutrient requirements using the Utilization of Animal Manure as a Plant Nutrient (AMANURE) software to investigate water quality impacts with the National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW modeling system. Application of manure at agronomic rates can result in high nitrate-nitrogen losses for some soil types, especially when applied in late fall. The application of manure at an agronomic rate does not necessarily equate to adequate water quality protection, and farmers must take care applying manure at agronomic rates, because nitrate-nitrogen loss potential varies spatially and temporarily. Nutrient loss probability maps for Indiana at 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% values were created to demonstrate potential water quality impacts when livestock manure is applied to cropland at agronomic rates. The NAPRA WWW system coupled with AMANURE can be used to identify site-specific livestock manure management plans that are environmentally sound and agronomically appropriate.

효과적인 토양유실 방지대책 수립을 위한 유사평가툴

임경재 ( Lim Kyoung-jae ),최예환 ( Engel Bernard A ),최중대 ( Choi Ye-hwan ),김기성 ( Choi Joong-dae ),신용철 ( Kim Ki-sung ),허성구 ( Shin Yong-cheol ),류창원 ( Heo Sung-gu ),( Lyou Chang Won ) 한국농공학회 2005 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2005 No.-

Accelerated soil erosion is a worldwide problem because of its economic and environmental impacts. To effectively estimate soil erosion and to establish soil erosion management plans, many computer models have been developed and used. The Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) has been used in many countries, and input parameter data for RUSLE have been well established over the years. However, the RUSLE cannot be used to estimate the sediment yield for a watershed. Thus, the GIS-based Sediment Assessment Tool for Effective Erosion Control (SATEEC) was developed to estimate soil loss and sediment yield for any location within a watershed using the RUSLE and a spatially distributed sediment delivery ratio. SATEEC was enhanced in this study by developing new modules to:1) simulate the effects of sediment retention basins on the receiving water bodies, 2) prepare input parameters for the Web-based sediment decision support system using a GIS interface. This easy-to-operate SATEEC system can be used to identify areas vulnerable to soil loss and to develop efficient soil erosion management plans.

Simulation of Effects of Swine Manure Application Rates on Nitrate Concentration in Runoff, Indiana, USA

Lim, Kyoung-Jae,Engel, Bernard A.,Jeon, Ji-Hong,Jones, Don,Sutton, Alan L.,Ok, Yang-Sik,Kim, Ki-Sung,Choi, Joong-Dae The Korean Society of Environmental Agriculture 2009 한국환경농학회지 Vol.28 No.1

Livestock manure is an important source of nutrients for crop production. However, farmers typically do not know the exact nutrient values for livestock manure. In many instances, manure has been viewed as a waste, and as a result it is applied close to the source resulting in over application of nutrients. Thus, the goal of nutrient application has often been applied to reduce the application expense rather than to maximize crop income. This results in wasted money and potentially negative impacts on water quality. Several livestock manure management scenarios were created based on agronomic nutrient requirements using the Utilization of Animal Manure as a Plant Nutrient (AMANURE) software to investigate water quality impacts with the National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW modeling system. Application of manure at agronomic rates can result in high nitrate-nitrogen losses for some soil types, especially when applied in late fall. The application of manure at an agronomic rate does not necessarily equate to adequate water quality protection, and farmers must take care applying manure at agronomic rates, because nitrate-nitrogen loss potential varies spatially and temporarily. Nutrient loss probability maps for Indiana at 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% values were created to demonstrate potential water quality impacts when livestock manure is applied to cropland at agronomic rates. The NAPRA WWW system coupled with AMANURE can be used to identify site-specific livestock manure management plans that are environmentally sound and agronomically appropriate.

지표수질 모의를 위한 NAPRA WWW 시스템의 적용

임경재 ( Kyoung Jae Lim ),버나드엥겔 ( Bernard A. Engel ),김기성 ( Ki Sung Kim ),최중대 ( Joong Dae Choi ) 한국농촌계획학회 2004 농촌계획 Vol.10 No.4

N/A

지역공동체를 위한 수문 / 수질 평가 의사결정지원시스템

최진용(Jin Yong Choi),(Bernard A. Engel) 한국농촌계획학회 2002 농촌계획 Vol.8 No.2

N/A

Development of a SWAT Patch for Better Estimation of Sediment Yield in Steep Sloping Watersheds

Kim, Jong-Gun,Park, Younshik,Yoo, Dongsun,Kim, Nam-Won,Engel, Bernard A.,Kim, Seong-joon,Kim, Ki-Sung,Lim, Kyoung Jae Wiley (Blackwell Publishing) 2009 Journal of the American Water Resources Associatio Vol.45 No.4