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조광익(K.I.Cho),이화조(H.C.Yi),주해호(H.H.Joo),이기동(K.D.Lee) 한국자동차공학회 1997 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.1997 No.6_1
Most of industrial products, particularly in automobile, are constructed various parts and many kinds of materials. This makes difficult to separate for disposing the product. The disposal facility of the product is determined in the product design step. Thus, the design concept must be changed to considering disposability in addition to assemblability. In order to actualize this concept, we need an evaluation tool. In this these, we present an algorithm and an evaluation tool for disposability and environmental friendliness of the materials.<br/>
이년계 ( 二年鷄 )에 있어서 각종 Hormone 및 임부요 ( 姙婦尿 )의 처리가 산란 및 육생산에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구
김선균,이기동,이돈성 ( S . K . Kim,K . D . Lee,D . S . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1979 한국축산학회지 Vol.21 No.4
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of treatment of various hormonal substance upon the egg laying, meat production and meat quality of two-year-old hens. 1. Effect of various hormone substances treatment on egg laying. 1) The rate of laying was significantly changed by the administration of various hormone substances ( P$lt;0.05) The laying rate of pregnant women`s urine and PM S treated group, but that of progesterone, thyroxine and Tapazol treated-group was decreased compared to the control group. 2) No significant difference in the egg weight among each treated groups was recognized. 3) S tuck on ovary 1㎝ in diameter, changed propotionally with the rate of laying and a significant difference among treated groups was recognized. 2. Effect of various gormone substances treatment on meat production and quality. 1) A significant change of body weight according to dosing with various hormone substances amonagn comparison groups, is recognised from 10 weeks after treatment, but only troxine treated group lose weight and are inferior, whereas other groups are heavier, compared with the control group, but its variation is very little. 2) A significant difference (p$lt;0.05) in carcass weight among the treated groups was recognized and the carcass weight of 5 treated-groups except thyroxin and progesterone treated-group was significantly higher than that of the control group. 3) The carcass percentage of PMS and Tapazol treated-group was significantly higher than that of the control group and there are no significant differences between the other groups and control group. 4) There was little difference of water extractives and ash content in meat component of 8 treated-groups. The crude protein of meat. was decreased a little in thyroxine and Tapazol treated-group while that of meat in estrogen, PMS and progesterone treated-group was increased a little. The crude fat contant was particularly increased in Tapazol treated-group and in the other groups it was similar to that of the control group. 3. Effect of various hormone substances treatment on the each organs. 1) A significant difference (p (0.05) in the total weigh of internal organs treated-groups was recognized. The total weight of internal organs in Tapazol and PMS treated-groups was heavier than in the control group. It is remarkably light in thyroxine treated groups. 2) There were some differences among the weight of gizzard fat and small intestine in 8 treated groups, but the changes in various organs weights were comparatively similar to those in total weight of internal organs. 3) The weight of liver, heart, pancreas and gizzard appeared generally to be in proportion to the body weight. 4) The weight of content was increased remarkably in estrogen treated-group and decreased in progesterone groups. A significant difference (p$lt;0.0.5) among the treated-groups was recognized. 5) A significant difference (p$lt;0.05) in the weight of a reproductive duct among treated-groups was recognized. The weight decreases remarkably in progesterone and Tapazol treated-groups and in the other groups it is little different from in the control group and generally tends to vary as an laying rate.
열간 가스 성형 공법을 이용한 알루미늄 컨트롤 암 개발
박종규(J. K. Park),김병년(B. N. Kim),윤석진(S. J. Yoon),이기동(G. D. Lee),박동환(D. H. Park),김영석(H. Y. Kim) 한국소성가공학회 2010 한국소성가공학회 학술대회 논문집 Vol.2010 No.10
New requirements of the automotive industry, concerning lightweight and non-corroding construction, demand new production methods. Due to this the Hot Air Forming process of aluminum alloys are specially interest. The disadvantage of aluminum alloy is the poorer formability compared to steel. Hot Air Forming process is one of the forming process receiving recent attention. In the current study, fabrication of aluminum subframe has been attempted using seam and seamless aluminum tubes. On the base of hot workability of the extruded tube and PAM-STAMP simulation results, optimum condition for fabricating aluminum subframe parts by Hot Air Forming could be determined.
저질조사료의 물리적 형태가 소화율 및 VFA조성에 미치는 영향
구재윤,정근기,배동호,이기동 ( J . Y . Koo,K . K . Jung,D . H . Bae,K . D . Lee ) 한국축산학회 1983 한국축산학회지 Vol.25 No.4
This experiment was carried out to study the effect of the low quality roughage sources and its physical forms as a part of the ruminants rations on the rate of passage of digesta through the digestive tract, digestibilities of ration components and ruminal characteristics. Rice straw, peanut hulls and rice hulls were used as a source of roughages, and each of these were divided into two treatments-original and ground-as a physical form. The ratio of roughage to concentrate in experimental ration was maintained at 15:85 (W/W), and the rations were fed twice daily with 3% of body weight. Six rams fistulated at rumen were used in 4 experimental periods of each 30 days long. The results obtained are summarized as follows: 1. In the rate of passage of digests, there appeared a highly significant (p$lt;0.01) difference among roughages. The rice hull was longest, and the peanut hull was shortest in the retention time. Also, a significant difference (p$lt;0.05) between physical forms was observed. Ground one is shorter compared to original one. 2. In the digestibilities of ration components, there showed a significant differences in crude fiber (p$lt;0.05), ADF (p$lt;0.05) and cellulose (p$lt;0.01) among feeds and in DM (p$lt;0.05) and ADF (p$lt;0.01) between physical forms. Ground materials decreased digestibilities compared to original of cut forms. 3. There revealed a significant linear correlation between retention time of digests and digestibility of crude fiber (r=0.43, p$lt;0.05), and of CWC (r=0.60, p$lt;0.01). 4. In the ruminal pH changes during 6 hours after feeding, there found the lowest level at 3 hours after feeding, and ground forms tended to be lower compared to original form in all the rations. 5. In the ruminal viscosity, the peanut hull ration was highest and the rice straw ration was lowest, and ground rice straw and rice hull ration tended to be lower compared to those of original or out forms, but no statistically significant difference (p$lt;0.05) was found. A negative correlation (r=T0.42) between ruminal pH and viscosity was revealed. 6. The total VFA concentration in the rumen was rapidly increased by one hour after feeding. Ground peanut hulls and rice hulls somewhat increased compared to those of original forms, but nonsignificant response (p$lt;0.05) was found. 7. There was a significant difference (p$lt;0.01) in the proportions of acetic acid and propionic acid in ruminal fluid among roughage sources. The peanut hull ration resulted in higher proportion of propionic acid and lower that of acetic acid compared to the other feeds. There also appeared a significant difference (p$lt;0.05) in propionic acid and butyric acid between original forms and ground one. By Binding, the peanut hull ration revealed that higher proportion of acetic acid and lower that of propionic acid compared to original form. The ground rice straw and rice hull ration, however, resulted in lower proportion of acetic acid, higher that of butyric acid, and no difference in propionic acid. 8. The rice hull ration appeared a higher proportion of butyric acid compared to the other feeds.. The ground rice straw and rice hulls rations increased butyric acid compared to those of original form rations.