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Properties of ZnO varistor blocks under multiple lightning impulse voltages
이복희,Sung-Man Kang 한국물리학회 2006 Current Applied Physics Vol.6 No.5
Thispaperpresentstheeectofmultipleimpulsevoltagesontheelectricalandphysicalpropertiesofazincoxide(ZnO)varistor.Toinvestigate the dynamic characteristics of a ZnO varistor subjected to multiple impulse voltages, we designed and fabricated the multi-plecombinationwavegenerator.Themultiplecombinationwavegeneratorcanproducequintuple1.2/50l simpulsevoltagesof100 kVandquintuple8/20l simpulsecurrentsof12 kA.Applyingthesevoltagesandcurrents,theelectricalandphysicalpropertiesoftheZnOvaristor were evaluated. The multiple impulse failures of a ZnO varistor are mainly caused by the surface ashover. When multipleimpulse voltages are injected, the charge enhancement near the joined edges of a ZnO varistor and metal electrodes plays a decisiverole on the surface ashover or breakdown initiation and developments. Also, after the injection of the quintuple 8/20l s impulse cur-rents of 10 kA, the residual voltage and quiescent current of the ZnO varistor were changed markedly.
이복희,Young-Hwan Baek,Hwee-Sung Choi,Sung-Kyun Oh 한국물리학회 2007 Current Applied Physics Vol.7 No.3
shaped protrusion in SF6 gas. The breakdown voltagetime (Vt) characteristics and the breakdown voltagegas pressure (Vp) char-acteristics of a highly non-uniform SF6 gas gap under positive and negative lightning impulse voltages are investigated in the pressurerange between 0.1 and 0.5 MPa. The pre-breakdown developments are examined by the corona current and light emission measurementswith high time resolution. As a result, the dielectric strengths versus time-to-breakdown of SF6 gas gap under positive lightning impulsevoltages were nearly independent of the gas pressure. The rst streamer corona was initiated at the tip of the needle electrode, and thestreamer corona pulses developed with a stepwise propagation. The discharge paths were zigzag, and the branches of the discharge chan-nel for positive polarity were created. On the other hand, the leader channel in the negative polarity was thicker and brighter than that inthe positive polarity.
준평등전계에서 임펄스전압에 대한 N<sub>2</sub>가스의 절연파괴특성
이복희,김동규,이봉,Lee, Bok-Hee,Kim, Dong-Kyu,Li, Feng 한국조명전기설비학회 2010 조명·전기설비학회논문지 Vol.24 No.8
This paper presents dielectric characteristics of $N_2$ gas under impulse voltages in a quasi-uniform electric field gap. The experiments were carried out at the test gap applied by the 1.2/50[${\mu}s$] lightning impulse voltage, 180/2500[${\mu}s$] switching impulse voltage, 500[ns]/1[MHz] very fast transient overvoltage(VFTO). The gap separation of sphere-to-plane electrodes was 14[mm] and the electric field utilization factor was about 71.2[%]. The gas pressure ranges from 0.2 to 0.6[MPa]. As a result, the electrical breakdowns are occurred by streamer discharge. Breakdown voltages are linearly increased with the gas pressure and the highest breakdown voltage is appeared under the VFTOs having fast rising time. Breakdown voltages under the positive impulse voltages were higher than those under the negative ones, and also the time to breakdown in the positive polarity is longer than that in the negative polarity. 본 논문은 준평등전계중에서 임펄스전압에 대한 $N_2$가스의 절연파괴특성에 관한 것으로 실험은 1.2/50[${\mu}s$] 표준뇌임펄스전압, 180/2500[${\mu}s$] 개폐임펄스전압과 500[ns]/1[MHz] 급준성 과도과전압이 인가된 전극계에서 이루어졌다. 구-평판 전극의 간격은 14[mm]이고, 전계이용률은 71.2[%]이었으며 가스압력은 0.2~0.6[MPa]범위로 하였다. 그 결과 절연파괴는 스트리머방전에 의하여 일어났으며, 절연파괴전압은 상승시간이 빠른 급준성 과도과전압에서 가장 높게 나타났다. 정극성 절연파괴전압이 부극성보다 높았으며, 정극성의 경우 절연파괴까지의 시간도 더 긴 것으로 나타났다.
이복희 한국불교학회 2016 韓國佛敎學 Vol.78 No.-
This study is to review name and content of each stage about ten steps of practicing which was described in the following sutras: Bulseol-daebang-gwang-bosal-sipji-gyeong(佛說大方光菩薩十地經), Jeombi-ilchae-jideok-gyeong(漸備一切知德經), Daepum-banya-bosal-bonupgyeong (大品般若保薩本業經), Sipji-gyeong (十地經) and Haesimmilgyeong (解深密經). They are similar to name and content at each step in practicing from first stage to ten stages despite times and circumstances change. The practicing is needing pāramitā to gain each step until getting Buddha’s wisdom. I put the name on each stage arbitrarily because they had no formal names after reviewing about Bulseol-daebanggwang- bosal-sipji-gyeong (佛說大方光菩薩十地經). It is the first study describing about Bulseol-daebang-gwang-bosal-sipji-gyeong (佛說大方 光菩薩十地經), Jeombi-ilchae-jideok-gyeong (漸備一切知德經) in study of ten stages. 본 논문은 십지의 수행에 있어서 십지에 관하여 최초로 설해진 『불설대방광보살십지경』부터 『점비일체지덕경』⋅『마하바스투』⋅『대품반야경보살본업경』⋅『십지경』⋅『해심밀경』에 이르기까지 십지의 각 단계의 명칭과 내용을전체적으로 검토하여 서술하였다. 보살이 초발심을 내어 처음 수행하면서부터 부처의 경지인 십지에 이르는각각의 단계에 대한 명칭의 비교를 통해서 시대와 상황은 달라져도 수행의각 단계에 대한 유사점을 비교하였고, 그리고 초지부터 십지 각 단계의 내용을 통합적으로 검토함으로써 십지수행의 실천 내용에는 바라밀의 실천이 필요하다는 것을 서술하였다. 『불설대방광보살십지경』은 십지의 명칭이 없었지만 이경의 내용을 검토하면서 임의로 각 단계 명칭을 정리하였다. 또한 『불설대방광보살십지경』과『점비일체지덕경』의 십지수행이 각 단계별로의 고찰은 이 연구에서 처음으로 정리된 것이다. 끝으로 십지사상은 대승불교 중심사상으로 불교의 시작과 발전에 근간이되는 것이므로 십지수행 각 단계의 명칭과 내용의 비교가 대승불교의 이해와철학적 사상에 접근할 수 있도록 개략적으로 서술하였다.