슈퍼 2상 스테인리스강의 공식에 미치는 R상의 영향

이병찬,오은지,강창룡,Lee, Byung-Chan,Oh, Eun-Ji,Kang, Chang-Yong 한국재료학회 2014 한국재료학회지 Vol.24 No.11

In this study, we investigated the precipitation behavior of the R-phase precipitated at the initial stage of aging and its effect on the pitting corrosion of 25%Cr-7%Ni-4%Mo super duplex stainless steel. The R-phase in super duplex stainless steel was mainly precipitated at the interface of ferrite/austenite phases and inside of the ferrite phase during the initial stage of aging, and it was transformed into the ${\sigma}$-phase with an increase in aging time. The ferrite phase was decomposed into a new austenite phase and ${\sigma}$-phase. The R phase was an intermetallic compound, which represented a lower Ni and higher Mo than the matrix, and also had a higher Mo and Cr concentration than the ${\sigma}$ phase. With an increasing aging time, the pitting potential $E_p$ was increased slowly by the precipitation of the R-phase, and it was then steeply decreased by the precipitation of the ${\sigma}$-phase. The R-phase was decreased the pitting potential, but its effect was smaller than effect of ${\sigma}$-phase.

친환경 수성 그라비어잉크의 개발과 상용화

이병찬,Lee, Byeong-Chan (사)한국포장협회 2022 包裝界 Vol.351 No.-

기획특집 3 - 녹색건축의 기술과 활성화 방안

이병찬,Lee, Byeong-Chan 환경보전협회 2009 환경정보 Vol.31 No.384

25Cr-7Ni-2Mo-4W 슈퍼 2상 스테인리스강의 기계적 성질에 미치는 R상의 영향

이병찬,강창룡,Lee, Byung-Chan,Kang, Chang-Yong 한국재료학회 2014 한국재료학회지 Vol.24 No.8

In this study, we investigated the precipitation behavior of the R-phase precipitated at the initial stage of aging and its effects on the mechanical properties of 25%Cr-7%Ni-2%Mo-4%W super duplex stainless steel. The R-phase was mainly precipitated at the interface of ferrite/austenite phases and inside of the ferrite phase during the initial stage of aging. It was transformed into the ${\sigma}$-phase with an increase of the aging time. The ferrite phase was decomposed into a new austenite(${\gamma}_2$)phase and the ${\sigma}$-phase by an aging treatment. The R phase was an intermetallic compound showing higher molybdenum and tungsten concentrations than the matrix and also showed higher molybdenum and tungsten concentrations than the ${\sigma}$ phase. In the initial stage of aging, precipitation of the R-phase did not change the hardness, the strength and the elongation. The hardness and the strength increased upon a longer aging time, but the elongation rapidly decreased. These results show that the R-phase did not significantly affect the hardness and the strength, though it did influence the elongation.

漢詩 聲律論과 『詩經』 樂譜의 相關性 硏究

이병찬(Byeong-chan, Lee) 어문연구학회 2009 어문연구 Vol.62 No.-

The Book of Songs in China was the lyrics of music. At the first time, there was no way to write music. Therefore, only The Book of Songs(詩經) has remained until now and there is no music book. According to Annals of Zuo in ‘the Spring and Autumn Period', it says that a person who named KyeCheol(季札) saw the music in JU nation. The music of JU nation is The book of Songs(詩經). The person who has arranged the music of The Book of Songs(詩經) was Confucius(孔子) in the first place. But no one knows how he arranged The book of Songs. The music in The Book of Songs seems to be disappeared before JIN nation. Primarily, the music in The Book of Songs was used at Royal Court. Thus, kings of many generations tried to restore it. The first date of using The Book of Songs was surmised in the Tang Dynasty(唐代) after its restoration. The music on Fengya Shiershi Pu(風雅十二時普) was written by Zhao Yan Su(趙彥肅) in Song Dynasty. JuJa(朱子) wrote down this music in Rites The Classic General solution(儀禮經典通解). In Korea, this music is published in Shiyuehuesheng(詩樂和聲) and Shiyuemiaoxie(詩樂妙契) which were written by Seo, MyongEung(徐命膺). He explained in detail about the mutual relation between The Book of Songs and music in these books. Also, Yun, ChunNyeon(尹春年) and Lee, HyeongSang(李衡祥) were interested in Rites The Classic General solution(儀禮經典通解), and they concerned the mutual relation between poet and music. Yun, ChunNyeon(尹春年) explained the way of connection between poet and music. And Lee, HyeongSang(李衡祥) clarified the mutual relation between a music of The Book of Songs and a tone of the interface(界面調) in Korea. The records of Seo, MyongEung(徐命膺), Yun, ChunNyeon(尹春年), and Lee, HyeongSang(李衡祥) are very important materials to understand the relation between The Book of Songs and music. This research has classified the mutual relation between The Book of Songs and music with these materials.

제27회 계명대학교·모모야마가꾸인대학 국제학술세미나 경과보고서 외

李炳贊(Lee Byoung Chan),편집부(편집자) 계명대학교 산학연구소 2010 啓明大學校ㆍ桃山學院大學國際學術세미나 Vol.2010 No.3

투고논문 : 현대 한,중 한자음 비교 연구 -운모를 중심으로-

이병찬 ( Byong Chan Lee ) 근역한문학회 2008 한문학논집(漢文學論集) Vol.27 No.-

본 연구는 한국 한자음의 운모를 중심으로 현대 중국 한자음의 한어병음 운모와 비교한 것이다. 연구의 효율성과 활용도를 고려하여 상용자 3500자를 대상으로 하였다. 비교 대상은 한국 한자음에 존재하는 운모 75개와 중국어의 운모 37개이며 한국 한자음을 중심으로 통계를 내어 상관성을 비교 분석하였다. 결과를 살펴보면 운모의 경우 중국의 한자음은 종성에 `n` `ng`만 남아있기 때문에 고대 한자음의 고유한 종성을 그대로 많이 유지하고 있는 한국 한자음이 특성상 더 다양한 운모를 가지고 있어 그 편차가 클 수밖에 없다. 그럼에도 불구하고 한국 한자음 운모 `야`, `염`, `왁`의 경우처럼 완벽히 각각 중국 한자음 운모 `ie(ye)`, `ian`, `uo(wo)` 하나로 표기되는 경우도 있다. 그리고 한국 한자음 `아`, `앙`이 중국 한자음 성모 `a` `ang`으로 표기되는 경우처럼 유사음 표기가 가장 많은 것이 일반적 현상이다. 따라서 표면상으로는 한국 한자음 하나의 운모가 중국 한자음에서는 다양하게 표기되지만 실질적으로 대부분은 유사음이거나 유사음에 가까운 운모이다. 게다가 한국 한자음 운모 `아`는 중국음에서는 권설음과 결합되면 설첨모음인 `i`로 표기되는 경우가 많다. 이처럼 특정 성모와 운모의 선호 현상을 고려하면 그 법칙성과 상관성은 더 높아질 것이다. 한국과 중국의 한자음이 고대에서 지금까지 상당한 변화를 겪어온 것은 사실이다. 하지만 현대 한국과 중국의 한자음을 비교하여 보면 거의 일치하는 성모와 운모도 존재할 정도로 규칙성을 유지하는 경우도 있다. 때문에 이러한 유사한 경우를 확인할 수 있는 비교 자료가 제공된다면 한국인의 중국어 학습이나 중국인의 한국어 학습에 상당한 도움이 되리라고 본다. 또한 대부분의 중국어 학습자들이 기초적인 한자의 한국 한자음을 인지하고 있다는 사실을 감안하면 본 연구의 이러한 정리는 학습의 혼란을 막고 정확한 학습에도 기여하리라고 본다. 본고는 자료의 방대함으로 인하여 연구의 편의상 먼저 성모와 운모를 분리하여 그 상관성을 정리하였다. 하지만 앞으로 성모와 운모의 선호 현상 등을 고려하여 종합적인 고찰과 세밀한 분석을 한다면 한·중 언어의 상관성을 이해하는 더 좋은 자료가 될 것이다. This paper aims to clarify between the vowel of Modern Chinese`s letter`s sound and the vowel of Korean Chinese`s sound. Its object is 3500 letters of Chinese with considering the effectiveness of this research and the inflected rate. Comparing objects are vowel 75 letters of Chinese letters in Korean and Vowel 37 letters of Chinese. Also this research has analysed by the statistics of Korean Chinese sound. Following the result, in case of vowels, it maintained the original final sound of ancient Chinese sound`s which is one of the characteristics of Korean Chinese sound. And its difference gap is big due to above characteristic. The target of this research is to confirm the relation of general vowels without coherence of special consonants. The result has come from comparing vowels only. Especially, in above case, its deviation should be big because of remaining final sound `n` and `ng` in Chinese. But the vowel `야`, `염`, `왁` in Koran Chinese sound marked perfectly as `ie(ye)`, `ian`, `uo(wo)` in the vowel of Chinese sound. And marking similar sound such as `아`, `앙` in Korean Chinese letters to `a`, `ang` in Chinese letters is general phenomenon. Therefore, on a diagram, one vowel marks several vowels, but most of vowels are similar sounds or the vowels of close to the similar sound. Moreover, when Korean Chinese sound `아` coherence with retroflex, `아` changed to apical vowel `i`. Considering prior phenomenon of the special consonants and vowels, the principle and the relation are getting higher. It is true that the Chinese letters` sound between Korea and China has been changed until now. However, there are various resemblances comparing the Chinese sound between Korean and Chinese. Also, The principle which exist almost same consonant and vowel is maintaining now, thus its study would be helpful to Korean Chinese students and Chinese Korean students in both. In case of vowel, its relation rate is not high by comparing the consonants, but it is difficult to deny its relation rate. Considering most of Korean Chinese students recognize basic Chinese letters`s Korean Chinese letters` sound, this research would be helpful to them to protect the confusion of Chinese sound study and correct study. This paper is summarized the relation by distinguishing the consonants and vowels at first for convenience of the study due to huge data. But its result would be the good data to understand the relation of Korean and Chinese language, if total inspection and specific analysing has done with considering prior phenomenon of the consonants and vowels. At last, this research`s target is to guarantee study data by statistics. Thus it is clarified that marking characteristics of pronunciation both of Korean and Chinese and the gap of practical pronunciation are not considered.

韓中詩經論의 편집비평 연구

이병찬(Byeong-chan, Lee) 어문연구학회 2009 어문연구 Vol.59 No.-

The object of this study is Redaction Criticism of Korea & China Shikyung-Ron. The redaction criticism is used for the criticism method of Bible basically. The character of Shikyung is similar with Bible. Therefore, applying the criticism method of Bible is very useful. The redaction criticism has an interest to the person who redact human's purpose of Shikyung. Shikyung has double structure. The structure of precedence is formed a relation between poetry and poetry. And the structure of subordinated position is inside of the poetry. The critics think that the poetry classification and the order as the precedence structure of Shikyung is meaningful. Thus, they have tried to clarify the meaning of poetry classification and the order. In general, it is known that the redactor of Shikyung is Confucius. So major object of redaction criticism is the redacted purpose of Confucius. But it is a problem that the redacted purpose of Confucius is not clear yet. If Confucius has enumerated the poets in Shikyung simply, its structure could not have the meaning. But the structure of Shikyung is not simple and it seems to be haven some meanings. Although Confucius did not redact it, the clarification of the meaning of Shikyung's structure is valuable to make understand about Shikyung. And it is possible that this meaning is from the redactors or the recognition of researcher who studied the structure of Shikyung. The study of Shikyung-Ron is a Meta-Criticism and needs new paradigm. If analyzing the Shikyung-Ron to various reader's response of the literature, the researches which were regarded as the errors before could be recognised their values. Until now, the studies have been many problems and the study of today's Shikyung or Shikyung-Ron stands for literary approach. But the materials of study's object is builded up logic from the side of the search for truth. Thus the researchers get dazzled by logic of objective materials, and then the researchers denied various translation. Today, it is difficult to approach that we translate and understand ancient time of Shikyung without former ages reference of the result. Therefore, accurate institution about the objective of Shikyung or Shikyung-Ron is needed. Actually, it is almost impossible to grasp the substantial truth of Shikyung which is over 2000 years. Although knowing the substantial truth is difficult, it is possible to approach the truth more if we understand translation method of former ages Shikyung-Ron which has redaction criticism of the Shikyung exactly. Through this study, we could not explain the meaning which are the standard and the order of Shikyung's classification. However it is possible to enhance the value of Shikyung by various translation and meaning structure through research procedure. The modern study which tried to disassemble the structure of Shikyung are contained opening new view and risks at the same time. This is advantageous to show the topic of Shikyung and entire trend. But it has to be bewared that it might extinguish the traditional understand and existing structural meaning. For the future, we do not disregard former redaction criticism which has vagueness. We should recognize the troubles which bring about the relation between the precedence structure & the subordinate structure, and the logical conflict between them. And then, it has to be studied the value by the translation.

[미국] 터보차저를 이용한 엔진 소형화와 연비개선

이병찬(Lee Byungchan),정도회(Jung Dohoy) 한국자동차공학회 2010 오토저널 Vol.32 No.1

白鳳來 詩經論의 編輯批評的 性格 硏究

이병찬(Lee Byong-chan) 어문연구학회 2005 어문연구 Vol.48 No.-

In terms of the history of the criticsm on Shikyung-ron, questions on the styles of Shikyung have not been solved. In order for the problem to be solved, intentions of Gongja known as an editor of shikyung need to be revealed. 『Samkyugtongui(三經通義)』that this paper investigated revealed Gonja's editorial intentions and any nobooks have revealed the styles of Shikyung in a more detailed way than this book. The arguments departed from the assumption that Gonja organized Jooyeok, Suhkyung, and Shikyng. Therefore, Baek Bong Rae claimed that Jooyeok, Suhkyung, and Shikyng had similarities in terms of the styles. A reason that he made such a claim is that he studied with Samkyung including explanations based on Joojahak. Therefore, it is hard to find creativity in the issues that had been questioned until then for they adopted views found in Joojahak as they are. However, he deserves high credit for finding and organizing the similarities of the styles that Samkyung had, which old scholars had not been able to reveal. Shikyung has double structures. Various works found in Shikyung were written by many different people, so they have different structures. But as Shikyung was put together in one anthology, another structure was formed in addition to the existing structures. That is, it can be said that 'a style', a structure between poems, was formed. If a style is a simple enumeration of poems, it cannot be meaningful, but the style of Shikyung doesn't appear to be simple and contain a certain meaning. Baek Bong Rae did reveal the meaning that the style of Shikyung contains and said that it is the very intention that Gongja organized Shikyung. His argument may be against other existing theories, but it could be rational when it is viewed in his theory itself. The style and editorial intention of Shikyung that『Samkyugtongui』deals with may not agree with Gongja's intention. In spite of it, his creative views can be valued as a part of a variety of interpretations of Shikyunng. Studies on critiques of Shikyung should not seek one truth about meanings of Shikyung. That is because the literary values of Shiykung comes from the fact that Shikyng can be interpreted in many different ways.