디자인 價値의 本質과 그 根源에 關한 研究

李在國(Jae-Guke Ee) 한국디자인학회 1990 디자인학연구 Vol.- No.3

디자인의 形態와 機能에 關한 考察

李在國 청주대학교 예술문화연구소 1988 淸藝論叢 Vol.2 No.-

There is nothing more important than the form and function in design, because every design product can be done on the basis of them. Form and Function are already existed before the word of design has been appeared and all the natural and man-made things' basic organization is based on their organic relations. The organic relations is the source of vitality which identifies the subsistance of all the objects and the evolution of living creatures has been changed their appearances by the natural law and order. Design is no exception. Design is a man-made organic thing which is developed its own way according to the purposed aim and given situations. If so, what is the ultimate goal of design. It is without saying that the goal is to make every effort to contribute to the humanbeings most desirable life by the designer who is devoting himself to their convenience and well-being. Therefore, the designer can be called the man of rich life practitioner. This word implies a lot of meanings since the essence of design is improving the guality of life by the man-made things which are created by the designer. Also, the things are existed through the relations between form and function, and the things can keep their value when they are answered to the right purpose. In design, thus, it is to be a main concern how to create valuable things and to use them in the right way, and the subject of study is focused on the designer's outlook of value and the relations between form and function. Christopher Alexander mentioned the importance of form as follows. The ultimate object of design is form. Every design problem begins with an effort to achieve fittness between the form and its context. The form is the solution to the problem : the context defines the problem. In other words, when we speak of design, the real object of discussion is not form alone, but the ensemble comprising the form and its context. Good fit is a desirable property of this ensemble which relates to some particular division of the ensemble into form and context. Max Bill mainatined how important form is in design. Form represents a self-contained concept, and its embodiment in an object results in that object becoming a work of art. Futhermore, this explains why we use form so freguently in a comparative sense for determining whether one thing is less or more beautiful than another, and why the ideal of absolute beauty is always the standard by which we appraise form, and through form, art itself. Hence form has became synonymous with beauty. On the other hand, Laszlo Moholy-Nagy stated the importance of function as follows. Function means the task an object is designed to fulfill the task instrument is shaping the form. Unfortunately, this principle was not appreciated at the same time but through the endeavors of Frank Lloyd Wright and of the Bauhaus group and its many collegues in Europe, the idea of functionalism became the keynote of the twenties. Functionalism soon became a cheap slogan, however, and its original meaning blurred. It is necessary to reexamine it in the light of present circumstances. Charles William Eliot expressed his idea on the relations between function and beauty. Beauty often results chiefly from fittness : indeed it is easy to manitain that nothing is fair except what is fit its uses or functions. If the function of the product of a machine be useful and valuable, an the machine be eminently fit for its function, it conspicuously has the beauty of fittness. A locomotive or a steamship has the same sort of beauty, derived from the supreme fittness for its function. As functions vary, so will those beauty…vary. However, it is impossible to study form and function in separate beings. Function can't be existed without form, and without function, form is nothing. In other words, form is a function's container, and function is content in form. It can be said that, therefore, the form and function are indispensable and commensal individuals which have coeternal relations. From the different point of view, sometimes, one is more emphasized than than the other, but in this case, the logic is only accepted on the assumption of recognizing the importance of the other's entity. The fact can be proved what Frank Hoyd wright said that form and function are one. In spite of that, the form and function should be considered as independent indivisuals, because they are too important to be treated just as the simple single one. Form and function have flexible properties to the context. In other words, the context plays a role as the barometer to define the form and function, also which implies every meaning of surroundings. Thus, design is formed under the influence of situations. Situations are dynamic, like the design process itself, in which fixed focus can be cripping. Moreover, situations control over making the good design. Judging from the respect, I defined the good design in my thesis An Analytic Research on Design Ethic, "good design is to solve the problem by the most proper way in the situations." Situations are changeable, and so is design. There is no progress without change, but change is not necessarily progress. It is highly desirable that there changes be beneficial to mankind. Our main, problem is to be able to discriminate between that which should be discarded and that which should be kept, built upon, and improved. Form and Function are no exception. The practical function gives birth to the inevitable form and the multi-classified function is delivered to the varieties of form. All of these are depended upon changeable situations. That is precisely the situations of "situation design", the concept of moving from the design of things to the design of the circumstances in which things are used. From this point of view, the core of form and function is depended upon how the designer can manage it efficiently in given situations. That is to say that the creativity of designer plays an important role to fulfill the purpose. Generally speaking, creativity is the organization of a concept in response to a human need-a solution that is both satisfying and innovative. In order to meet human needs, creative design activities require a special intuitive insight which is set into motion by purposeful imagination. Therefore, creativity is the most essential quality of every designer. In addition, designers share with other creative people a compulsive ingenuity and a passion for imaginative solutions which will meet their criteria for excellence. Ultimately, it is said that the form and function is the matter which belongs to the desire of creative designers who constantly try to to bring new thing into being to create new things. In accordance with that the main puppose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of the form and function and to close analyze their relations for the promotion of understanding and devising practical application to gradual progression in design. The thesis is composed of four parts : Introduction, Form, Function and Conclusion. Introduction, the purpose and background of the research are presented. In Chapter Ⅰ, orgin of form, perception of form, and classification of form are studied. In Chapter Ⅱ, generation of function, development of function, and diversification of function are considered. Conclusion, some concluding words are mentioned.

디자인의 예술적인 창출과 과학적인 접근에 관한 고찰

이재국 淸州大學校 1992 淸藝論叢 Vol.6 No.-

A matter of primary concern about all the design is concentrated on how to create more valuable things. It is because the creation of valuable design is both the ultimate goal to confirm its subsistence and a fundamental index to show the way of design direction. In this sense, it is significant to study the relation between art and science in design because every design process is mainly composed of artistic creation and scientific approach to get better results. In accordance with that the main purpose of this thesis is to catch every meaning of art and science in design and to close analyze their relations in order to generate more fresh idea and put it into practice. The theis is composed of five chapter : Introduction, Relation between art and design, Relation between science and design, Design : relation between art and science, and conclusion. In Introduction, the purpose and background of the study are presented. In chapter Ⅱ, artistic background, artistic character of design and design as art are researched. In chapter Ⅲ, scientific background of design, scientific character of design and design as science are considered. In chpater Ⅳ, relativity between art and science, harmory between art and science and design as culture are searched. In conclusion, some suggestive words on the study are mentioned.