복숭아 나무의 結果枝 種類 및 着果位置에 따른 과실 및 新梢生長

유영산 대구효성가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 1989 基礎科學硏究論集 Vol.3 No.-

This experiment was designed to find out the difference in characteristics of fruit and shoot growth by various fruiting branches. Three leading table peach cultivars of Changbang-joseng (Kurakata-wase), Daekubo (Okubo) and Baekdo (Hakuto) were used to examine fruit size and shoot growth by different fruiting woods and by various fruit set-position of long fruiting branches. The results are as follows. 1.With fruit sige, a large fruit tended to be borne on long fruiting wood in Changbang-joseng, on medium one in Daekubo and on short spur in Baekdo. 2. With shoot growth on long fruiting woods, the Changbang-joseng was the most vigorous, while in Daekubo and Baekdo it was weak numerous shoots developing, most of whichbecome short spurs and medium fruiting woods. 3. A balanced shoot development was observe when fruits were borne on mid-portion of the fruiting woods. Woods with fruits borne on the their base resulted in less shoots developing on their branches while the growth was weak in those with fruits borne on the distal portion. 4. With fruit size by fruit set-position of long fruiting branches, growth of fruits borne on the distal portion tended to be promoted in Changbang-joseng and Daekubo, while the growth to be arrested in Baekdo.

Gibberellin 處里 巨峰葡萄의 無核化 機構에 關한 硏究 : (第1報) Gibberellin 處理 巨峰葡萄의 胚珠生長 및 退化에 關한 硏究 I. Study on Growth and Degeneration of Ovules as Affected by Gibberellin in 'Kyoho' Grapes.

劉永山,朴英順 효성여자대학교 새마을연구소 1983 새마을硏究論文集 Vol.3 No.-

Growth and degeneration of Ovules were observed to investigate the process of seed abortion from anthesis to berry setting stage in 'Kyoho' grapes applied with GA 100ppm. 1. Growth of ovules were promoted by GA application and the ovules were increased markedly in size as compared to untreated ones by 6 days after anthesis. 2. In GA-treated ovules nucellus began to be separated rapidly at 4 days after anthesis. Thus most of ovules was not increased beyond 1mm in size, and at 14 days after anthesis 97.3 percent of ovules were degenerated. 3. GA-treated berries were not droped in spite of collapse of ovules and the berries became seedless. 4. In untreated ovaries, degeneration of ovules started late. Degenerated ovules were also a high proportion but low as compared to GA-treated ones. At 14 days after anthesis 38 percent of ovules in setted-berries were developed normally and became seeds. 5. In shatter berries, ovules were collapsed or the nucellus was separated completly from embryo asc. Untreated-berries began to drop markedly in accordance with ovules collapse.

Gibberellin處理 巨峰葡萄의 無核化 機構에 關한 硏究 : ---(第II報) GA處理 巨峰葡萄의 胚珠 및 子房發育에 關한 組織學的 硏究---

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1984 연구논문집 Vol.28 No.2

Development of ovary and ovule in GA-treated 'Kyoho' grapes were histologically investigated from anthesis to ovule degeneration to study the process of seed abortion. 1. Ovary of'Kyoho' grape contained 3~9 ovules and normal ovary consisted of 4 ovules, was only 49percent of whole ovaries. 2. Imperfect ovules had a high proportion of the whole ones and these showed two types. One was nonfuntional ovules without gametophyte on the central core of nucellus, the other was ovules with morphological defects. 3. Size of GA-treated ovary increased due to rapid cell division of ovary wall, but they showed a lag phase which their growth rate was decreased when ovules began to be degenerated. 4. Early development of ovules were promoted by GA-application, but ovules were rapidly degenerated from 4 t 6 days after anthesis through nucellus and innner integument were separated from outer integument, advanced to ovule collapse. 5. Rapid ovules degeneratin might be related with nutrient competition between ovarys and ovule due to rapid ovary enlargement. 6. Devision of free-nuclear endosperm was observed in embryo sac applied with GA at 2 days after anthesis. one thirds of normal ovules contained free-nuclear endosperms by 6 days after anthesis. It means that fertilization occurs normally in embryo sac, so that it is reasonable to assume that seedless berries of GA-treated 'Kyoho' grape contained berries of two types; parthenocarpic berries by abortion of unfertilized ovules and stenospermocarpic ones by abortion of fertilized ovules.

葡萄脫粒에 關한 組織學的 硏究

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1985 연구논문집 Vol.31 No.1

This study were carried out to investigate histiologically the process of absci-ssion at berry dropping and the effects on the berry abscission by ethephon and gibberellin treatments in three grape cultivars such as Kyoho, Tanored and Muscat Bailey-A. The results obtaied were as follows. 1. Absicission zone in pedicels of grape clusers formed at two places; the first absicission zone developed at the base of pedicels, the second at the juncture between the abse of berry and upper of pedicels. 2. Abscission zone can be ascertaioned externally. It already apperaed as a naarrow, constricted area at the base of pedicels at anthesis. The constrictions of Kyoho and Tanored grapes were more conspicious than one of Muscat Bailey-A. 3. At berry dropping, separation of abscission zone at the base of pedicels occurred across the vascular bundles through collapse of the corthical cells in the zone. While the cortical cells of the zone in the adhering berries were enlarged normally, however the cells were still slightly smaller than the adjacent cells. 4. Berry droppings presumed to be due to abortion of ovules in berry from the point of view that most ovules in abscised berries were already degenerated. 5. Berries dropping were markedly promoted by ethephon treatment and the effect of this were remarkable being closed at anthesis. 6. Gibberellin application showed a invrease in berry setting but the growth regulator could not lost the effect of berries abscission induction by ethephon at treat ment mixed with ethephon.

夏期剪定이 대추나무의 生長과 結實에 미치는 影響

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1996 연구논문집 Vol.53 No.2

7년생 대추나무에서 開花前(발아후 30일)과 開花期(발아후 50일)에 夏期剪定을 실시하여 생장, 花器發達과 결실, 과실비대, 수량 등을 조사하였다. 하기전정은 화기발달을 촉진하여 잎줄기당 開花數가 증가(개화전 하기전정)하였으며 着果도 증진되었다. 그러나 개화전의 하기전정은 잎줄기와 二次枝의 생장을 촉진하여 生理的 落果가 증가되는 결향을 보였으며 主芽의 발아를 촉진시켜 發育枝의 수가 증가하였다. 하기전정은 두시기 모두 果實肥大를 촉진하여 수확시 大果의 비율을 높였으며 收量도 증가시켰다. 그러나 糖度에는 차이가 없었다. 이상의 결과로 하기전정은 대추나무의 결실촉진과 과실비대에 효과가 컸으며 하기전정 시기는 개화전보다는 개화초기(발아후 50일)가 보다 효과적이었다. This study was conducted to determine the effects of summer pruning at prebloom (30days after sprouting) or bloom stage(50days after sprouting) on the growth, flower development, fruiting, fruit size and yield in 7-year-old-Chinese jujube. The number of flower and fruits per branchlet were increased by summer pruning at prebloom and bloom stage. Growth of branchlets and permanent secondary branches were promoted and number of terminal shoot were accelerated owing to the increasing of main bud sprouting in prebloomsummer pruning. Therefore physiological drop fruits was trend to be increased by prebloomsummer pruning. Fruit size and yield were increased by the promotion of fruit growth, but sugar content of fruit was not affected by summer pruning. The proper time for summer pruning was bloom stage on 50 days after bud sprouting according to growth of branchlet and increase of fruiting.

Streptomycin 處理에 依한 葡萄 單爲結果 誘起에 關한 硏究 : Effects of Streptomycin on Seedlessness and Development of Berry in Schuyler Grapes(Vitis labruscana L.) 第1報 葡萄 ‘Schuyler’無核果 誘起 및 果粒發育에 미치는 影響

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭 대학교 1983 연구논문집 Vol.27 No.1

本 試驗은 SM處理가 schuyler 葡萄의 無核果 誘起 및 果實 發育에 미치는 影響을 조사하여 無核葡萄 裁培의 利用 可能性을 檢討하기 爲하여 實施, 다음과 같은 結果를 얻었다. 1. SM處理에 依한 無核果 形成은 處理時期 및 濃度에 따라 差異는 있었으나, 無核果 誘起에 극히 效果的이었으며 滿開前 12日에 400ppm 處理時 99.5%의 가장 높은 無核率을 보였다. 2. SM處理는 花粉發芽力을 制시켰으며 濃度가 높을수록 ?制效果가 증가되었다. SM處理 葡萄에 混在되어 있는 無核果粒內의 粒子는 發育이 不良하였으며, 대부분의 種子들은 內部가 비어 있었다. 3. SM單用時 果粒肥大는 極히 不良하였으나, 滿開後 10日에 GA處理로 果粒 및 果房肥大가 促進되었다. 4. SM處理 無核果는 無處理보다 成熟이 促進되어 着色이 빨라지고 糖含量이 增加되었다. 그러나 酸含量은 減少되지 않았으며 無處理보다 오히려 많았다 This experiment was conducted to study the effects of streptomycin on seedlessness and berry development of Schuyler grapes. The results were as follows. 1. Seedlessness was remarkedly induced by streptomycin application and the best effect on seedlessness was exhibited by application of 400ppm at 12 days before full bloom. 2. Application of streptomycin inhibited the pollen germination and growth of seed in seeded berries. 3. Berry weight was significantly decreased by streptomycin treatment alone, however it was increased by gibberellin application at 10 days after full bloom. Berry setting were not influence by any of the streptomycin treatments. 4. The maturation of treated berries was advanced, and both content of soluble solids and total acidity tented to be increased by streptomycin treatment. .

대추나무의 開化特性에 關한 硏究

鄭仙英,劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1994 연구논문집 Vol.49 No.1

대추의 結實安定윽 위한 墓礎 硏究로써 무등과 복조品種를 팡시하여 대추꽃의 형태적특성과 開花時期, 開花時刻,開花段階 및 柱頭의 receptivity등을 硏究 調査하여 다음의 結果를 얻었다. 대추꽃은 花器構造가 특이하여 꽃받침과 화반이 發達되고 꽃잎은 退化되어 있었다. 小花의 開化過程은 7段階로 子분되었으며 꽃받침이 수평으로 展開되는 4段階를 完全開花로 보았다. 대추꽃은 11∼12時부터 꽃봉오리가 열개되어 2시경에 開花最盛期를 보였으며 氣溫과 일조시수에따라 開花時刻이 多少 變化되었다. 開葯은 꽃잎에서 수술이 分離됨과 同時에 일어났으며 화사의 탄력과 訪花昆蟲에의해 受粉이 이루어졌다. 開葯時 花粉 發芽率은 60%이상이었으나 時間이 經過함에 따라 점차 감소되어 18시간이후에는 6%에 불과하였다. 柱頭上에 受粉된 花粉은 수분후 12시간 이후부터 發芽되기 시작하여 24시간까지 發芽率이 擔加되었고 柱頭上의 花粉發芽率은 開花當日이 가장 높았다. This experiment was conducted to investigate the floral morphological characteristics and their flowering habits such as flowering duration, opening time of day, flowering stage and stigma receptivity with 'Moodeung' and 'Bokjo' Chinese jujubes during blooming period. The results were as follows : Sepal and disc are specially developed but petal degenerated in florets of cyme inflorescence. Jujube trees showed very long blooming period and the flowering continued during about 55-60day until middle of August. Anthesis was completed between 12:00 and 4:00 PM in the used jujube cultivars and flowering stage was divided into seven stages. Flowering time of day was changed by atmospheric conditions such as temperature,sunshing hours. Anther dehiscence started on the time when the stamens emerged from petal and then pollens were rapidly transfered by pollinator. But unless disturbed pollen grains were sticky and remained on the anther. Percentage of pollen germination showed over 60% shortly after anther dehiscence, But it was gradually decreased and then was only 6% in 18 hours after anther dehiscence. Germination of pollen grains on stigma began from 12 hours after pollination and the receptivity of stigma showed high during 4 hours after anthesis.

環狀剝皮가 대추의 結實 및 品質에 미치는 影響

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1995 연구논문집 Vol.51 No.1

This study was conducted to determine the effects of time, width, and method of girdling on the trunk of jujube tree. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Flower development and the number of fruits per blanchlet increased by girdling. And fruit enlargement was accelerated, too. Therefore total yield per tree increased more than two times than control. 2. the proper time for girdling was late of june according to flower development, the number of fruits per branchlet and total yield per tree. And the girdling in middle of July, when florets of branchlet bloom, on the permanent secondary branehes, was more effective than control. 3. Chlorosis was occurred at the leaf of stem tip by girdling in all treatments, and leaf chlorosis was occurred extremely by 10mm=width-girdling. 4. The proper width of girdling might be 5mm because in that treatment, the healing after girdling was good and the leaf chlorosis was occurred most slightly. 5. In 5 or 6-year-old young jujube trees, 4/5 girdling, which a part of bark remained, was more effective than complete girdling in the control of tree vigor and the increase of fruit setting. 6. Sugar contents of fruit was not affected by girdling. Fruit size increased slightly and was equalized by girdling.

뽕나무 오디의 利用에 關한 硏究 : I. Fruit Characteristics of Mulberry I. 오디의 果實特性에 關한 基礎硏究

金文浹,高光出,林秀浩,劉永山 서울大學校 農科大學 1980 서울대농학연구지 Vol.5 No.2

This experiment was origninally designed to examine the usability of mulberry fruit as fresh fruit. A total of 87 cultivars were analyzed of their fruit characteristics in 1979 at Sericultural Experiment Station. The results were as follows: 1. Four cultivars such as Kokuso-No.20, Himetsuru, Tsuruta, Ohbawase, were excellent of their fruit chracteristics among the tested mulberry cultivars. Especially, Kokuso-No.20, was the most promsing in terms of large fruit size, high sugar content, high fruit quality as well as high yield. 2. Baeg un-No.3, Josang-No.1, Kang won-No.3 needed further examination. Kang won-No.3 showed the highest sugar content. 3. When mulberry commercially grows for fresh fruits, it is presumed that the perishability due to the soft and juicy fresh of mulberry fruit will causes difficulties in transporting and marketing and that harverting labor will be much required.

포도의 環狀剝皮에 關한 硏究 : 剝皮時期와 着果量이 포도 켐벨어얼리의 成熟과 品質에 미치는 影響 The effect of trunk-girdling by different time and crops on the maturation and qualities of 'Campbell Early' grapes (Vitis labruscana)

劉永山 대구효성가톨릭대학교 1989 연구논문집 Vol.39 No.1

This experiment was carried out to study the effect of trunk-girdling by diffferent girdling time and levels of crop on the maturation and qualities of 'Campbell Early' grapes(Vitis labruscana) 1. Hastening maturation of grapes was markedly influenced by girdling time. Advance in color and maturity of grapes was effective in vines girdled at 30days after full bloom. 2. Berries and clusters of early girdled-grapes showed rapid growth during the slow-growth period (stage II) unlike ungirdled grapes. but the weight of bunches at each harvest time was no difference. 3. In girdled-grapes soluble solids was low and on the other hand, acidity was high on compared with ungirdled grapes. The effects was greatly appeared at early girdling. 4. The effect of girdling on hastening maturity was markedly reduced by an overcrop.