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간척지에서 파종량 및 질소 시비량에 따른 사료용 피의 생육특성과 사료 수량
황재복,박태선,박홍규,김학신,최인배,배희수,Hwang, Jae-Bok,Park, Tae-Sun,Park, Hong-Kyu,Kim, Hak-Sin,Choi, In-Bae,Bae, Hee-Soo 한국잡초학회 한국잔디학회 2017 Weed & Turfgrass Science Vol.6 No.2
사료용 피 직파재배시 적정 파종량 시험에서 입모수는 파종량이 증가할수록 많았으며, 입모율은 41-42% 정도였다. 경수도 파종량이 증가할수록 많았고, 초장은 파종량이 많을수록 증가하였으나 $50kg\;ha^{-1}$에서는 감소하였다. 파종량이 많았던 $50kg\;ha^{-1}$에서 도복지수가 3이었다. 건물중은 파종량 $40kg\;ha^{-1}$에서 가장 높았고, TDN 생산량은 파종량이 적을수록 높았다. 수량반응 곡선상 $36kg\;ha^{-1}$에서 최대수량 건물수량이 추정되었다. 변화 상태의 회귀식은 $Y=0.0098X^2+0.7030X+2.6267$으로 표시되었다. 출수기는 파종량이 많을수록 늦어지는 경향이었다. 사료용 피 직파 재배시 질소질 비료 $150-250kg\;ha^{-1}$ 시비에서 건초 수량의 차이는 없었으나, 무시용 대비 건초 수량은 200 및 $250kg\;ha^{-1}$ 시비에서 16.6톤 $ha^{-1}$ 및 16.9톤 $ha^{-1}$로 43% 및 45% 정도 높았다. 조단백질 수량(CP)은 건물수량과 비슷한 경향으로 무질소구에서 0.28톤 $ha^{-1}$이었던 것이 질소 $250kg\;ha^{-1}$ 시비구에서 0.54톤 $ha^{-1}$ 이었다. The Experiments were conducted by moderate season culture of each of early, medium and late maturing varieties which were considered to be of strong salt tolerance in low and high salty reclaimed areas (0.2% at the May). This study was carried out to investigate the proper nitrogen fertilizer level and seeding rates at reclaimed saline land in Korea. The proper seeding rates were $40kg\;ha^{-1}$ in 0.2% saline land. The dry matter production of barnyard millet was possibly estimated by exponential functions of $Y=0.0098X^2+0.7030X+2.6267$. Effects of nitrogen rate on agronomic characteristics, forage yield, and chemical composition of barnyard millet to reclaimed tidal land are summarized as follows: The proper nitrogen fertilizer level was $200kg\;ha^{-1}$ in 0.2% saline land. N was absorbed actively before the emergence of the barnyard millet but showed relative decrease thereafter. The early growth of the barnyard millet was inhibited, resulting in the favorable late growth, increased panicle weight and ratio of matured grain. These results suggest that barnyard millet is the most forage crops for cultivation on reclaimed tideland in view of the good emergence and forage production.
고체상추출과 LC-MS/MS 이용에 의한 제초제 잔류분석 특성
황재복(Hwang Jae Bok),Takashi Iwafune,Yasuhiro Yogo,이용환(Yong Hwan Lee),박창영(Chang Young Park),박성태(Sung Tae Park) 韓國雜草學會 2009 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.29 No.2
HLB 컬럼에서의 첨가회수율은 benfuresate, bentazone, bromobutide, cafenstrole, imazosulfuron, pyrazoxyfen, quinoclamine, 그리고 thiobencrab 제초제가 70% 이상이었으나, cyhalofop-bytyl, molinate, 그리고 pentoxazone 제초제는 32~64%로 낮게 회수되었다. PS-2 컬럼에서의 회수율은 bentazone, imazosulfuron는 거의 회수되지 않았고, benfuresate, bromobutide, cafenstrol, pentoxazone, quinoclamine, thiobencarb, cyhalofop-buthyl, 그리고 molinate 제초제는 57~87% 정도로 회수되었다. 변이계수는 HLB 컬럼에서 1~6% 정도이었고, PS-2 컬럼에서는 1~13%이었다. A comparative study was undertaken to find out the optimum solid-phase extraction (SPE) of water samples for 10 herbicide residues. Two polymer-based sorbents, balanced copolymer of lipophilic divinylbenzene monomer and hydrophilic N-vinylpyrrolidone monomer (HLB) and polystyrene-divinylbenzene copolymer (PS-2) cartridges, were investigated for extraction efficiency of neutral and weak ionic herbicide residues from water sample. Each SPE cartridges was activated by water-miscible solvents, washed with water, and then loaded with 400 to 1,000 mL of water samples containing herbicides. The trapped residue was eluted with acetonitrile and dichloromethane for HLB and PS-2 cartridges, respectively, and followed by determination using triple quadrupole LC/MS in the selective-reaction monitoring mode. Electrospray ionization was successfully applied to form positive or negative molecular ions of target analytes, and product ions derived from the precursor ions were selectively detected. Mean recoveries of HLB extraction were more than 70% except molinate cyhalofop-butyl and pentoxazone showing poor recovery of 32~64%. In PS-2 extraction, bentazone and imazosulfuron were not trapped, while recoveries of other herbicides ranged 57~87%. Relative standard deviations of two methods were in the range of 1~6% and 1~13% HLB and PS-2 cartridge, respectively. According to herbicides properties, each sorbents could be selectively employed for extraction of herbicide residues from water samples. The proposed method was simple to operate and highly specific being coupled with tandem mass spectrometric quantitation.
배수불량 농경지에서 토양수분별 연차간 잡초발생 군락 특성
황재복(Jae Bok Hwang),윤을수(Eul Soo Yun),정기열(Ki Youl Jung),박창영(Chang Young Park),최영대(Young Dae Choi),이용환(Yong Hwan Lee),남민희(Min Hee Nam) 韓國雜草學會 2011 Weed&Turfgrass Science Vol.31 No.1
배수방법별 연차간 잡초발생 군락특성을 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 수분함량은 배수불량지는 10.2~18.2%, 약간불량지는 11.8~14.3%이었고, 표토에서 10cm 깊이까지 토양 3상 중에 기상은 배수불량지가 15.3%인데 비해 약간불량지는 19.8%로 높았다. 2009년도에 약간불량지에서는 16초종이 발생하였으며, 적산우점도는 뽀리뱅이(97.0%) 〉 망초(92.1%) 〉 갈퀴덩굴(35.5%) 〉 지칭개(28.4%) 〉 쑥(23.3%) 순이었다. 배수불량지에서는 12초종이 발생하였으며, 적산우점도가 뚝새풀(100%) 〉 벼룩나물(55.2%) 〉 뽀리뱅이(38.3%) 〉 물냉이(28.5%) 〉 망초(20.9%) 이었다. 또 2010년도에 약간불량지에서는 14초종이 발생하였으며, 적산우점도는 벼룩나물(86.8%) 〉 뚝새풀(77.7%) 〉 자운영(68.7%) 〉 뽀리뱅이(46.3%) 〉 망초와 지칭개(35.6%)순이었다. 배수불량지에서는 12초종이 발생하였으며, 적산우점도가 벼룩나물(93.7%) 〉 뚝새풀(78.6%) 〉 물냉이 (31.3%) 〉 뽀리뱅이(30.4%) 〉 쑥(25.7%)이었다. 배수방법별 연차간 발생초종의 다양화 정도를 나타내는 Simpson 지수는 배수불량지가 0.18~0.23 으로 약간불량지에서는 0.12~0.18에 비해 높아서 토양수분 함량이 높은 곳에서 특정 초종이 우점하는 경향을 나타내었다. 잡초의 다양성 지수는 2009년에는 43.0%이었으나 2010년에는 74.2%로 연차간 차이가 많았다. This survey of weed population by different soil moisture with paddy-upland rotation was conducted to investigate information on weed flora and its ecology between two years. Weed species were assessed in April: 2009, 2010. Soil samples were taken from each study plot to assess the impact soil moisture on the occurrence and abundance of dominance weed species. Soil water of poorly drained field ranged from 10.2~18.2% more than 11.8~14.3% of somewhat poorly drained field. Weeds of fields composed of 19 species belonging to 12 families. Among 12 families, 6 weed species belonged to Compositae (31.6%) were the biggest family, Cruciferae were 2 species (10.5%), and Rubiaceae were 2 species (10.5%), respectively. Youngia japonica had the highest summed dominance ratio(SDR) (97.0%) and followed by Conyza canadensis (92.1%), Galium spurium (35.3%) and Hemistepta lyrata (28.4%) of somewhat poorly drainage in 2009. Artemisia princeps the highest SDR (100%) and followed by Stellaria alsine(55.2%), Y. japonica (38.3%) and Nasturtium officinale (28.5%) of poorly drainage in 2009. And, Stellaria alsine had the highest SDR (86.8%) and followed by Alopecurus aequalis (77.7%), Astragalus sinicus (68.7%) and Y. japonica (46.3%) of somewhat poorly drainage in 2010. S. alsine the highest SDR (93.7%) and followed by A. aequalis (78.6%), Nasturtium officinale (31.3%) and Y. japonica (30.4%) of poorly drainage in 2010. Simpson`s index was calculated to 0.12~0.23, which showed that weed occurrence with different soil moisture in paddy-upland rotation and between years was various. Similarity coefficient between years was 43.0% (2009) and 74.2% (2010), which indicate a low diversity because of the moisture in the agro-ecosystem.