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중국어 비교문에 있어서의 문제점과 否定接頭靜態動詞의 존재가능성
허성도 서울대학교 어학연구소 1985 語學硏究 Vol.21 No.3
There are the following problems that are difficult to explain in comparative sentences of Mandarin Chinese. A. The negator 「不」is placed before 「??」in the 「??~一樣~」comparative sentences. (1) 他不??저一樣高. (2) 這個不??那個一樣紅. If the negator 「不」is placed after 「一樣」 it is ungrammatical. (1') 他????一樣不高. (2') 這個??那個一樣不紅. However, the following instances are grammatical even though 「不」is placed after 「一樣」. (3) 他????一樣不高與. (4) 這個人??那個人一樣不道德. If 「不」in (3-4) is place before 「??」like in (1-2), the resulting sentences will be ungrammatical. (3') 他不????一樣高與. (4') 這個人不??那個人一樣道德. B. The negator 「不」is placed before 「比」in the 「比」comparative sentences. (5) 小張不比小李高. (6) 這個不比那個貴. If the negator 「不」is placed after 「比」it is ungrammatical. (5') 小張比小李不高. (6') 這個比那個不貴. However, the following instances are grammatical even though 「不」is placed after 「比」. (7) 這個比那個不好. (8) 這裏比那裏不安全. (9) 外面比裏面不安靜. C. The negator 「不」is not placed in the 「沒有~那??~」comparative sentences. (10) 小張沒有小李那??不高. (11) 小張沒有小李那??不大. (12) 這裏沒有那裏那??不冷. However, the following sentences are grammatical even though 「不」is placed in this kind of comparative sentences. (13) 小王沒有他那??不道德. (14) 小王沒有他那??不??事. (15) 小王沒有他那??不服氣. A simple principle that accounts for the above seemingly contradictory instances has not yet been established. This article, assuming the existence of NPs, is aiming at clearly explaining such instances. NPs is a derived word, a combination of the prefix 「不」and a state verb. Accordingly, it is not a synthetic construction, that is, not a state verb negated by 「不」. The reason why the instances presented above seem contradictory is that NPS is not differentiated from a state verb negated by 「不」. NPS is a combined form of「不」and a state verb.Thy type of state verbs which are combined with this prefix「不」is not studied in this article. NPS is countrary to the original state verb which is removed of its prefix「不」.
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허성도 서울대학교 어학연구소 1988 語學硏究 Vol.24 No.3
This paper aims (a) to take a new look at usages of Chinese Coverbs 'Cong, You, Zi, Da, Zicong', (b) to point out some differances in them. The result is summarized as followings. Ⅰ. 'Cong, You, Zi, Da, Zicong' can express the Source of Time with taking cyclic time words, but 'Zi' is mainly used in Witten Chinese, and 'Da' is mainly used by Beijing-dialect user. 'Zicong' is combined with clear past-tenese. Ⅱ. Combination historical time words and 'Cong, You, Zi, Zicong' is natural. Ⅲ. Combination relative time words and 'Cong, You, Zi, Zicong' is natural. 'Zicong' can combined with present―relative time words in the case that the main-clause is in the past tense. Ⅳ. 'Cong, Zicong' can be combined with N-L compound time words, but combination N-L compound time words and 'You, Zi, Da' is ungrammartical or interesting. Ⅴ. Only 'Cong, Zi' can be combined with interrogative time words. Ⅵ. Only 'Cong, Zicong' can be combined with the Source of Incident. Ⅶ. Only 'Cong, You' can be combined with the Source of Place. Ⅷ. 'Cong, You, Zi, Da' combined with N-L compound time words, historical time words and cyclic time words can express the Source of Time-category. Ⅸ. 'Cong, You, Zi, Da' combined with the Concrete-place can express the Source of Place-category. X. Only 'Cong' can be combined with the Source of Abstract-category. ?. Only 'Cong, You, Zi' can be combined with the Source of Change.
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현대(現代) 중국어(中國語) 보어(補語) `상(上)`의 의미 기능 연구
허성도,진명서 한국중국어문학회 2005 中國文學 Vol.43 No.-
補語`上`表示進入相對范疇, 卽進入幷存在于新狀態之中。存在于新狀態中是說, 該補語`上`的動詞所表示的動作、行爲在發話之后繼續持續。這似乎與變化態的功能類似, 但變化態只表示進入新狀態, 却不能表示變化何時發生幷能否持續。補語`上`不僅表示進入新狀態, 而且表示狀態將持續。 此外, 補語`上`還表示到達終点, 這個終点也就是相對范疇或新狀態。因此, 補語`上`總是伴隨客觀的、抽象的、隱喩的處所。如果有補語`上`的句子里不存在處所, 則動作、行爲持續的狀態爲隱喩的處所。
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허성도,진명서 한국중국어문학회 2006 中國文學 Vol.46 No.-
本結討論的主要內容就是探討補語`下`的語義結構, 對“{V/A}+下”進行分類和分析.在對單獨使用的`下`作了分類與分析之後, 進一步對補語`下`結構進行了分類與硏究.有關`下`的分析直接影響到對補語`下`的分析. 對`下`的分類如下: 1) 直接空間意義的`下`, 這個結構中的`下1`都與垂直空間槪念直接聯關在一起.筆者在這個類中分出來個小類來, 一個是表示從上至下垂直角度移動的`下1`, 這個`下1`一般 不及物動詞在一起, 一個是從一定範疇上分離下來的意義,這個意義上的`下1`一般 及物動詞結合在一起. 2) 半虛化的`下`, 這個結構中的`下`都是直接從單獨使用的`下`的本義和`下`中直接通過空間隱喩手法引申過來的. 3) 虛化(語法化)的`下`, 這個結構中的`下`主要是通過空間隱喩向時間隱喩轉化而獲得其語法意義的.雖然“下3”沒有具體的詞彙意義,但是的語法意義是從`下`的基本語義結構中轉化出來的,因此也從前者那裡受到了一定程度的制約. 補語`下`的意義功看起來複雜, 其實都不過都是基本語義結構中突顯出來的部分不同所導致的差異. 補語`下`的主要意義功能就是表示下向移動之後的存在.如果不及物動詞補語`下`, 這補語`下`表示動作的完成, 同時表示完成以後的狀態.這狀態包含動作在內, 所以與只表示靜態狀態的持續態不同.
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中國語에 있어서의 '말하다' 따위의 類義動詞에 대한 연구
허성도 서울대학교 어학연구소 1986 語學硏究 Vol.22 No.3
This paper aims (a) to take a new look at usageㄴ of Chinese verb shuo(說), jiang(講), tan(談), gaosu(告訴), (b) to point out some differences in them from a standpoint of syntax. The result is summarized in the following table. ◁ 표 삽입 ▷ (원문을 참조하세요)
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