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알칼리 및 알칼리 토금속에 의한 SCR 촉매 비활성 거동
한승윤,신민철,이희수,Han, Seungyun,Shin, Min-Chul,Lee, Heesoo 한국결정성장학회 2016 한국결정성장학회지 Vol.26 No.6
알칼리(토)금속이 SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) 촉매 비활성화에 미치는영향을 미세구조, 촉매 비표면적, 기공 부피 변화, 탈질 성능 분석을 통해 규명하였다. 신촉매를 $350^{\circ}C$에서 6시간 동안 $H_3PO_4$, $K_2CO_3$, $Na_2CO_3$, $Ca(CH_3COO)_2{\cdot}H_2O$, $C_4H_6MgO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$ 수용액을 분사 시켜, 모사 피독된 SCR 촉매를 제조하였다. 피독 촉매 표면의 미세구조는 신촉매와 거의 유사한 형태를 보이지만, 비표면적과 기공 부피 변화를 신촉매와 비교하였을 때, Na < Mg < K < Ca < P 순으로 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 특히 Na에 의해 피독된 촉매는 비표면적은 $10.20m^2/g$, 기공부피는 $0.061cm^2/g$ 정도 감소하였다. $150{\sim}450^{\circ}C$에서 신촉매 및 피독 촉매의 탈질성능을 평가한 결과, 알칼리 금속(K, Na)에 피독된 SCR 촉매가 가장 낮은 탈질효율을 보였으며, 알칼리 토금속(Ca, Mg)에 피독된 SCR 촉매는 알칼리 금속(K, Na)에 피독된 촉매에 비해 상대적으로 높은 탈질 효율을 보였으며, 인(P)에 의해 피독된 촉매는 SCR 신촉매와 거의 유사한 탈질 성능을 나타내는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과는 SCR 촉매 비표면적이나 기공 부피 감소에 따른 물리적인 비활성화가 SCR 촉매 탈질 성능에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보인다. The effect of the alkali, alkali earth metal elements on selective catalytic reduction(SCR) catalyst deactivation behavior were investigated in terms of microstructure, surface area, pore volume and De-NOx test. Poisoned SCR catalyst were manufactured by injection of $K_2CO_3$, $Na_2CO_3$, $Ca(CH_3COO)_2{\cdot}H_2O$, $C_4H_6MgO_4{\cdot}4H_2O$, $H_3PO_4$ solutions in the new SCR catalyst at $350^{\circ}C$ for 6 hours. New and poisoned catalysts surface were similar. But specific surface area, pore volume decrease from Na, Mg, K, Ca, P compared to new SCR catalyst. Especially, Na poisoned catalyst surface area and pore size extremely decreased by $10.20m^2/g$, $0.061cm^2/g$. De-NOx test results of new and poisoned catalysts at $150{\sim}450^{\circ}C$ indicated that alkali metal (K, Na) poisoned SCR catalysts have the lowest De-NOx efficiency, alkali earth metal poisoned SCR catalysts (Ca, Mg) De-NOx efficiency are higher than alkali metal poisoned SCR catalysts. P poisoned SCR catalyst De-NOx efficiency is similar new SCR catalyst. It were considered that physical deactivation of SCR catalyst was affected by SCR catalyst surface area and pore volume change.
디지털방사선영상에서 추출한 해면질골의 강도와 미세구조의 형태계측학적 분석에 대한 연구
한승윤,이선복,오성욱,허민석,이삼선,최순철,박태원,김종대,Han Seung-Yun,Lee Sun-Bok,Oh Sung-Ook,Heo Min-Suk,Lee Sam-Sun,Choi Soon-Chul,Park Tae-Won,Kim Jong-Dae 대한영상치의학회 2003 Imaging Science in Dentistry Vol.33 No.2
Purpose : To evaluate the relationship between morphometric analysis of bone microstructure from digital radiographic image and trabecular bone strength. Materials and Methods : One hundred eleven bone specimens with 5 mm thickness were obtained from the mandibles of 5 pigs. Digital images of specimens were taken using a direct digital intraoral radiographic system. After selection of ROI (100 × 100 pixel) within the trabecular bone, mean gray level and standard deviation were obtained. Fractal dimension and the variants of morphometric analysis (trabecular area, periphery, length of skeletonized trabeculae, number of terminal point, number of branch point) were obtained from ROI. Punch sheer strength analysis was performed using Instron (model 4465, Instron Corp., USA). The loading force (loading speed 1 mm/min) was applied to ROI of bone specimen by a 2 mm diameter punch. Stress-deformation curve was obtained from the punch sheer strength analysis and maximum stress, yield stress, Young's modulus were measured. Results: Maximum stress had a negative linear correlation with mean gray level and fractal dimension significantly (p<0.05). Yield stress had a negative linear correlation with mean gray level, periphery, fractal dimension and the length of skeletonized trabeculae significantly (p < 0.05). Young's modulus had a negative linear correlation with mean gray level and fractal dimension significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusions : The strength of cancellous bone exhibited a significantly linear relationship between mean gray level, fractal dimension and morphometric analysis. The methods described above can be easily used to evaluate bone quality clinically.
체임벌린의 대독 유화정책 결정 과정과 평화체제 유지의 상관관계 연구
한승윤(Han, Seung-yoon) 한국전략문제연구소 2019 전략연구 Vol.26 No.3
그동안 많은 연구들이 대독 유화정책의 실패를 체임벌린의 잘못된 결정과 리더십 부재 등 개인적 문제로만 분석해왔다. 하지만 이러한 결론만으로는 실제 정책수립에 함의를 주는데 한계가 있다. 이러한 한계를 극복하기 위해 본 연구에서는 구스타프손(Gustavsson)의 정책변경 모델을 통해 정책 수립 과정 요소들을 분석하여 체임벌린의 대독 유화정책의 결정 과정과 이것이 평화체제를 유지하지 못한 원인을 체계적으로 분석하였다. 먼저 체임벌린과 그 지도부는 안보문제에 대한 편향을 극복하지 못하였다. 전쟁의 위협이 임박했음에도, 기존에 가지고 있던 “국민이 평화를 원한다”는 인식을 바탕으로 위기를 과소평가하고, 재무장을 소홀히 했다. 또한, 정책 결정과정에서 외교업무를 전문적으로 수행하는 정부 기관인 외교부를 배제하고, 측근들을 활용한 외교를 수행하여, 비전문적인 조언을 전문가의 검증이나 동의 없이 수렴하였다. 마지막으로 정책 추진 성과를 낙관하고, 알고 싶은 내용만 수용하는 부정확한 정보처리를 하였다. 결과적으로 유화정책을 수정할 기회가 있었으나 기회를 놓치고 말았다. 이 연구는 체임벌린 개인과 유화정책의 부정적인 측면에만 주목한 기존 연구 자료의 한계를 극복하고, 대독 유화정책 추진이 결정되는 과정에서의 구조적 문제를 식별하여 현 정부의 비핵화 협상 정책에 적합한 함의도출을 시도하였다는 점에 그 학문적 의의가 있다. The Second World War broke out less than six months after Chamberlain returned to Britain from the Munich Agreement with Hitler and declared peace in Europe. Until now, many studies have analyzed the failure of this appeasement policy against Germany only in terms of Chamberlain"s misjudgment and lack of leadership. However, this type of conclusion has limited capability to give lessons we can learn and apply in actual policymaking. To overcome these limitations, this research analyzes the failure factors of Chamberlain’s Appeasement using Gustavsson’s policy orientation model and evaluates the internal and external factors that affected the policymaking and policymaking process factors of Chamberlain"s Appeasement. First, Chamberlain and his cabinet had a bias on the security issue, thus underestimating the crisis and neglecting rearmament on the pretext that the population wanted peace despite the imminent threat of war. Chamberlain also overruled the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, a government agency that specializes in foreign affairs, and conducted diplomacy using his close political supporters, creating misunderstanding on the intelligence analysis. Finally, Britain evaluated the outcome of Appeasement in an optimistic perspective, and it recklessly pushed Britain into talks with Hitler. Thus, Chamberlain had the opportunity to revise his appeasement policy, but he missed this by ignoring relevant information. This study’s academic contribution is that it can overcome the limitations of existing research that have excessively focused on Chamberlain himself and derived lessons that are suitable for policymakers by identifying structural problems in the Appeasement.
김동현,한승윤,이재훈,Kim, Dong Hyun,Han, Seung Yoon,Lee, Jae Hoon 대한두경부종양학회 2019 대한두경부 종양학회지 Vol.35 No.1
Lipoma is one of the most common benign tumors in the human body. However, they are uncommon in the oral cavity. Oral lipomas can occur on the cheeks, tongue, lips, gums and rarely on the floor of the mouth. Clinical symptoms are usually asymptomatic yellow masses. Sometimes the tumor grows and can have difficulty speaking and mastication. The treatment of lipoma is surgical excision, and recurrence is rare. We present a case of oral lipoma in an unusal location on the floor of mouth which is rare in the literature.