2005년 약국에서 판매된 코감기약

하기철,정문현,이진수,조래정,이혜경,김은실 대한감염학회 2007 감염과 화학요법 Vol.39 No.1

Background:Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are the most common infections in developed countries and are the major reasons for the consumption of medicines including antibiotics. In Korea, antibiotics and glucocorticoids were dispensed by pharmacies without prescriptions before July 2000, when the dispensation of antibiotics without doctor's prescriptions was prohibited. The objective of this study is to investigate the rate of antibiotic dispensation by pharmacies for the treatment of common cold and to identify the dispensing pattern for URI management in 2005, i.e., 5 years after the establishment of the prohibition policy. Materials and Methods:In August 2005, medical students visited 90 drugstores in three cities (Seoul, Chonan, and Chunchun) and received medications for the treatment of illnesses that simulate the common cold, i.e., rhinorrhea and nasal stuffiness that had lasted for one day and were not accompanied by fever. The components of the dispensed medicines were identified by pharmacists at a university hospital. Results:All the components of the dispensed medicines were identifiable in 85 cases (94.4%), and the mean number of medicines was 1.36 (S.D.±0.724); no difference was observed among the three cities. The antibiotics ampicillin and chloramphenicol were identified in two pharmacies in Seoul and Chunchun, respectively. Glucocorticoids were not dispensed in any case, and a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug was dispensed in only one case. Compound medicines are increasingly used as cold remedies; the components of the most frequently dispensed medicine were acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine, and pseudoephedrine. Herbal medicines were also frequently included in cold remedies (38.9%); licorice (30%) and ginger (26%) were the two most frequently used medicinal herbs. Conclusion:There was a marked decrease in the dispensation of antimicrobials, glucocorticoids, and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs without doctor's prescriptions. Chloramphenicol continued to be dispensed as a URI medication. Increased use of compound and herbal medicines as cold remedies suggests a need for the evaluation of the additional benefits of herbal medicines, their adverse effects, and the drug interactions between herbal and conventional medicines. 배경 : 상기도 감염은 선진국에서 발생하는 가장 흔한 감염증이어서 이를 치료하기 위해 투여되는 약제는 전체약제 소모의 중요한 원인이며, 약제 부작용, 경제적 손실, 항균제 내성 유발에 큰 영향을 미칠 수 있다. 한국에서는 의약분업이 시행된 2000년 이전에는 항균제나 부신피질호르몬의 처방이 약국에서 자유롭게 되었지만, 의약분업이 시행되면서 감소하였을 것으로 추정되나 이에 대한 연구는 없었다. 이에 약국에서 판매되는 감기약에 항균제가 얼마나 포함되는지를 조사하고 판매되는 감기약의 실정을 알기 위해 이번 조사를 하였다. 재료 및 방법 : 2005년 8월 11일과 12일에 걸쳐 서울, 춘천, 천안의 개원 약국을 대상으로 의과대학 학생이 직접 방문하여 조사하였다. 비염(발열이 동반되지 않은 1일간의 콧물과 코막힘)을 주소로 하여 감기약을 받았으며, 이를 대학병원의 약품정보실 근무 전문 약사가 동정하였다. 결과 : 판매한 모든 약을 확인할 수 있는 경우가 85건(94.4%)이었다. 약의 종류는 1.36(S.D.±0.724)종이였으며, 지역별 차이는 없었다. 2개(2.2%) 약국에서 판매한 감기약에 항균제가 포함되었고, 서울과 천안에서 각각 1개 약국이었다. 서울 약국에서는 ampicillin이, 춘천에서는 chloramphenicol이 포함되었다. 부신피질호르몬이 포함된 경우는 없었으며, 비스테로이성 항염증제로는 이부프로펜 1건(1.1%)만이 있었다. 복합 감기약의 사용이 늘었으며, 3가지 성분을 포함한 경우가 제일 흔해 acetaminophen, chlorpheniramine, pseudoephedrine의 조합이었다. 한약제가 감기약에 포함된 경우는 35건(38.9%)이었고, 흔한 성분은 감초와 생강 또는 건강(ginger)이었다. 결론 : 의약분업 이후 약국에서 처방된 감기약에는 항균제, 부신피질호르몬, 비스테로이드 항염제의 판매는 급격히 감소하였다. Chloramphenicol이 아직도 감기 치료제로 판매되고 있으며, 복합 감기약의 사용이 늘었고, 생약이 흔히 포함되어 이의 효과 판정, 부작용, 약물 상호작용에 대한 조사가 필요하다.

2005년 약국에서 판매된 코감기약

하기철,정문현,이진수,조래정,이혜경,김은실 대한감염학회 2007 Infection and Chemotherapy Vol.49 No.1

벼 중만생 최고품질 복합내병성 직파 및 이앙 겸용 “호품”

고종철,김보경,남정권,백만기,하기용,김기영,손지영,이재길,정진일,고재권,신문식,김영두,모영준,김경훈,김정곤 한국육종학회 2008 한국육종학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Hopum is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between Milyang165 and F1 crossing Milyang165 and Iksan438 at Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 141 days growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain including Chungcheong province. This cultivar has short culm and spikelet number per panicle is similar to that of Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than standard variety. This cultivar has medium size of brown rice and shows moderate resistance to leaf blast, to bacterial blight pathogens of K1, K2 and K3 and stripe virus disease but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. The milled kernel of Hopum is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. Protein and amylose content of Hopum is about 6.5% and 18.7%, respectively. This cultivar has better palatability of cooked rice than Chucheongbyeo harvested in Gyeongki province. Its milling recovery (76.8%) and percentage of perfect-shaped milled rice (94.7%) were higher than Nampyeongbyeo. The milled rice yield of Hopum was 5.83 MT/ha (15% higher than Juan) under wet-direct seeding, 5.66 MT/ha (8% higher than Juan) under dry-direct seeding, and 6.00 MT/ha (8% higher than Nampyeong) under ordinary transplanting cultivation. “opum”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting and direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

벼 조생 고품질 소득작물 후작 다수성 “만 나”

고종철,남정권,정진일,하기용,백만기,김기영,신운철,김우재,이재길,고재권,김보경,강현중,김영두,모영준,김정곤 한국육종학회 2008 한국육종학회지 Vol.40 No.4

Manna is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from the cross between Iksan438 and Ilmibyeo by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, RDA, in 2005. This cultivar has a short grain shape and about 97 days growth duration from late transplanting to harvesting under Korean climatic conditions. It is resistant to lodging with average 70 cm of culm length. The milled kernels of Manna are translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. It has about 19% amylose content and good palatability of cooked rice compared with Geumobyeo. This cultivar shows resistance to leaf blast and neck blast but susceptibility to bacterial blight and stripe virus diseases. The milled rice yield potential of Manna is about 5.05 MT/ha under the late transplanting cultivation. Manna would be adaptable for the middle and Honam plain of Korea.

벼 중생 내병 다수성 신품종 “눈보라”

하기용,고재권,김기영,남정권,고종철,김보경,백만기,정진일,백소현,김정곤 한국육종학회 2008 한국육종학회지 Vol.40 No.3

“unbora”is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Iksan433 resistant to bacterial blight and Miyadamamochi, a waxy line. at Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA, in 2006. This cultivar is a short grain shape and about 118 days of growth duration from transplanting “unbora”to harvesting under Korean climatic conditions. The milled rice are snow white and glutinuous. This cultivar shows high resistant reactions to the bacterial blight pathogen race K1~K3 and blast respectively. The milled rice yield of “unbora”is about 5.34 MT/ha under the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “unbora”would be adaptable for in the middle plain, north middle-mountin plain and Honam plain, and Youngnam plain areas of Korea.

중만생 최고품질 벼 품종 ‘수광’

고종철,김보경,백만기,남정권,고재권,김기영,신운철,신문식,강현중,하기용,김우재,박현수,백소현,모영준,이영복,임상종 한국육종학회 2012 한국육종학회 심포지엄 Vol.2012 No.07

‘수광’은 2003년 여름에 국립식량과학원 벼맥류부에서 HR20017-B-19-3-1계통을 모본으로 하고 HR19574-B-63-2계통을 부본으로 인공교배하여 게통육종법으로 육성한 최고품질 복합내병성 품종으로 주요특성과 수량성을 요약하면 다음과 같다. ‘수광’의 출수기는 남서해안지 및 남부평야지 보통기 보비재배에서 8월 13일로 남평벼보다 4일 정도 빠른 중만생 품종으로 주당수수는 12개로 남평벼보다 1개 적고 수당립수는 127개로 16개 많으며, 천립중은 23.3g으로 약간 무거운 편이다. 도열병 저항성은 남평벼보다 강한 편이다. 흰잎마름병 레이스 K1, K2 및 K3에 강하며 줄무늬잎마름병에 강하다. ‘수광’은 불시출수와 위조현상은 없고, 저온발아성은 남평벼보다 우수하다. 내냉성은 남평벼보다 강한 편이고 수발아율은 30.1%로 남평벼보다 높다. 도복지수는 남평벼보다 낮고 포장도복은 비슷한 편이다. ‘수광’의 쌀알은 맑고 심복백이 없으며, 단백질과 아밀로스함량은 남평벼보다 낮고 밥맛은 경기도산 추청벼보다 매우 우수하다. 도정특성들 중 제현율, 도정율, 백미완전립율 및 완전미도정수율은 남평벼와 비슷한 편이다. 쌀수량은 2009~2011년 3개년간 실시한 지역적응시험 보통기 보비재배에서 5.56MT/ha로 남평벼보다 2% 증수되었다. 이모작재배에서의 수량은 5.27MT/ha로 남평벼보다 5%증수하였으나 만식재배에서는 4.55MT/ha로 남평벼보다 4% 감수하였다.

벼 중만생 복합내병 담수직파 및 이앙재배 겸용 신품종 “황금노들”

고종철,김보경,백만기,남정권,하기용,김기영,고재권,이재길,강현중,김영두,정진일,신문식,손지영,김우재,노광일,박현수,백소현,신운철,신운철,김경훈,신서호,김정곤 한국육종학회 2008 한국육종학회지 Vol.40 No.3

Hwangeumnodeul is a new japonica rice cultivar developed from a cross between Milyang165 and HR15151-B-21-3 at Honam Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), NICS, RDA, in 2007. This cultivar has short grains and about 139 days of growth duration from direct seeding to harvesting in the southern plain areas. Culm length of this cultivar is 78 cm and the number of spikelet per panicle is similar to that of the check cultivar, Nampyeongbyeo, while filled grain rate is lower than the check variety. This cultivar is moderately resistant to leaf blast, bacterial blight pathogens of K1, K2 and K3 and stripe virus but susceptible to major virus diseases and insect pests. Milled kernel of Hwanggeumnodeul is translucent with non-glutinous endosperm. This cultivar has about 5.7% and 18.6% of protein and amylose contents, respectively. Palatability of cooked rice of Hwanggeumnodeul is similar to Nampyeongbyeo. Its milling recovery and head rice were 75.6% and 90.0%, respectively. Hwanggeumnodeul yielded 5.69 and 5.61 MT/ha in milled rice at the under wet-direct and dry-direct seeding conditions, respectively which are 17% and 12% higher than the check variety, Juanbyeo. It yielded 5.86 MT/ha, 8% higher than Nampyeongbyeo at the standard fertilizer level of the ordinary transplanting cultivation. “wanggeumnodeul”would be adaptable for ordinary transplanting as well as direct seeding in the southern plain including Chungcheong province.

벼 중만생 내병 다수성 신품종 “백설찰”

하기용,남정권,고종철,김기영,고재권,김보경,김우재,박현수,신운철,김정곤 한국육종학회 2008 한국육종학회지 Vol.40 No.4

“aegseolchal”is a new Japonica type waxi rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Department of Rice and Winter Cereal Crop, NICS, RDA in 2007. This variety was derived from a across between Iksan435 which is highly tolerant to lodging and high yield potential, and Iksan425 which is resistance to multiple diseases. This variety has about 120 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in middle, Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 80 cm in culm length and tolerant to lodging. It is moderately resistant to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. “aegseolchal”is midium-short grain and the milled rice exhibits high whiteness. The milled rice yield was about 5.37 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “aegseolchal” would be adaptable to plain areas south of the Chungnam Province of Korea.

벼 직파 품종육성을 위한 기존 품종의 저온발아성 분석

고종철,김우재,백만기,손지영,하기용,강현중,신문식,고재권 한국국제농업개발학회 2011 韓國國際農業開發學會誌 Vol.23 No.1

직파품종 개발을 위한 특성검정으로 저온발아성을 조사하여 직파적응성에 알맞은 품종개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용하고자1994년부터 2008년까지 육성된 89개 품종을 이용하여 저온발아성을 검정한 결과 최근에 육성한 품종일수록 저온발아율이80% 이상으로 높았으며, 조생종이나 중생종보다는 중만생종의 저온발아율이 높은 경향이었으나 통계적인 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 또한 최고품질이나 고품질 품종이 초다수성이나안전성 품종보다 저온발아율이 높았다. 품종이 육성된 기관별로 볼때는 직파품종 개발을 담당하고 있는 익산의 벼맥류부육성품종의 저온발아율이 다른 기관에서 육성된 품종보다 높게 조사되었다. This study was carried out for breeding of direct seeding cultuvars. In direct seeding cultivation, low temperature germination rate is very important character for stable emerge of early seedlings. In this study low temperature germination rate(LTGR) were tested using 89 rice cultivars breeded from 1994 to 2008 year. The results are summarized as follows. Rice cultivars were breeded after 2004 year LTGR was higher than before 2003 year breeded cultivars. In med-late maturity cultivars LTGR was slightly higher than early or medium maturity cultivars, but there was no significance. Premium quality or high quality cultivars showed more high LTGR than superyield or stability cultivars. The LTGR of rice cultivars breeded in Iksan(NICS department of rice and winter cereal crops) were higher than other institutes breeded cultivars.

중만생 양질 내병 다수성 “다미”

하기용,고재권,김영두,김기영,남정권,고종철,김보경,백만기,노광일,노광일,김정곤 한국육종학회 2008 한국육종학회지 Vol.40 No.3

“Dami”is a new japonica rice variety developed and registered by the rice breeding team of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS, RDA in 2006. This variety was derived from a cross between Iksan438 with lodging tolerance and high yield potential, and Iksan426 This variety has about 122 days of growth duration from transplanting to harvesting in Honam and Youngnam plain of Korea. It is about 83 cm in culm length and tolerance to lodging. In reaction to biotic stresses, it shows moderately resistance to blast, and resistance to bacterial blight pathogen races from K1 to K3, but susceptible to other major diseases and insect pests. The milled rice of “ami”has high Quality, midium short grain. The milled rice yield of this variety is about 5.92 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. “ami”would be adaptable to Middle plain, Honam plain and Youngnam plain area of Korea.