질산염과 산소에 의한 생물학적 퍼클로레이트 환원의 저해

최혁순,Choi, Hyeok-Sun 한국지하수토양환경학회 2009 지하수토양환경 Vol.14 No.6

본 연구에서는 질산염(${NO_3}^-$)과 용존산소(DO)에 의한 생물학적 퍼클로레이트 환원의 저해 그리고 전자공여체를 차지하기 위한 이러한 전자수용체들의 경쟁적 관계를 조사하고자 염소이온프로브(chloride ion probe)를 직접적인 측정방법으로 사용하였다. 퍼클로레이트 환원미생물을 포함하는 플라스크에서 염소이온프로브를 이용하여 염소생성 (=퍼클로레이트 환원)을 모니터링하였다. 2 mM 퍼클로레이트의 생물학적 환원은 2 mM의 질산염에 의해 저해를 받았으며, 염소이온 생성율이 퍼클로레이트가 단독으로 존재하는 경우에 비해 30% 정도 감소하였고, 아세테이트가 제한된 상태이며 질산염과 퍼클로레이트가 공존하는 경우는 염소이온의 생성율이 약 70% 정도 감소하였다. 7-8 mg/L의 용존산소와 2 mM의 퍼클로레이트가 공존하는 조건에서 아세테이트의 공급정도와 상관없이 퍼클로레이트의 생물학적 환원작용이 완벽하게 저해를 받았다. In this study, a chloride ion probe as a direct measurement for perchlorate reduction was used to determine whether biological perchlorate reduction was inhibited by other electron acceptors ($O_2$ and ${NO_3}^-$) and to investigate competition of electron acceptors for using electron donors. Profiles of chloride production (= perchlorate reduction) in flasks containing perchlorate reducing populations were monitored by a chloride ion probe. Biological reduction of 2 mM perchlorate was inhibited by 2 mM nitrate that chloride production rate was decreased by 30% compared to perchlorate used as the only electron acceptor and chloride production rate was decreased by 70% when acetate was limited. Reduction of 2mM perchlorate was completely inhibited by oxygen at 7~8 mg/L, regardless of acetate excess / limitation.

염분성 물에 포함된 퍼클로레이트와 질산염의 생물학적 처리

최혁순 ( Hyeok Sun Choi ) 한국수처리학회 2010 한국수처리학회지 Vol.18 No.4

무산소/호기생물막반응조와 MF막의 연속처리에 의한 퍼클로레이트와 질산염 제거

최혁순(Hyeok Sun Choi) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.5

본 연구는 퍼클로레이트(ClO₄-)와 질산염(NO₃-)의 직접적인 처리방법으로 무산소/호기생물막반응조와 MF막에 의한연속처리의 적용 가능성을 조사하였다. 생물막 처리공정은 첫 번째 단계로 퍼클로레이트와 질산염의 제거를 위해 무산소생물막반응조를 이용하였고 두 번째 단계로 이화적 퍼클로레이트와 질산염 환원을 위해 사용된 잔류탄소원의 제거를 위해 호기생물막반응조가 도입되었다. 그리고 마지막 단계로 탁도제거를 위해 중공사형 MF막을 적용하였다. 본 연구에서 102 μg/L ClO₄-와 61.8 mg/L NO₃- (14 mg/L NO₃-N)가 유입수로 주입되어 퍼클로레이트는 IC 검출농도 이하(5 μg/L ClO₄-)로 제거되었으며 질산염은 최종 처리수의 농도가 4.4 mg/L NO₃- (1 mg/L NO₃-N)로 제거되었다. 탄소원으로 사용된 과잉의 179 mg/L 유입CH₃COO-는 무산소생물막반응조의 유출수에서 117 mg/L, 호기생물막반응조의 유출수에서 11 mg/L로 감소하였다. 3 NTU의유입 탁도는 무산소/호기생물막반응조의 유출수에서 1.5와 0.3 NTU였으며 최종 MF막의 유출수에서 0.2 NTU였다. 이 결과는지표수와 지하수에 포함된 저농도 퍼클로레이트와 질산염 오염의 직접적인 처리방법으로 무산소/호기생물막반응조와 MF막의연속처리가 적용될 수 있음을 의미하는 것으로 사료된다. This research was conducted to investigate whether sequential anoxic/aerobic biofilm reactors and microfilteration (MF) membrane system can be used as a direct treatment for the removal of perchlorate and nitrate in groundwater. The biofilm process consisted of an anoxic first stage to remove perchlorate and nitrate and aerobic second stage to remove remaining acetate used as a carbon source for dissimilatory reduction of perchlorate and nitrate. In final stage, hollow fiber MF membrane was used to remove turbidity. In this research, perchlorate was reduced from the influent concentration of 102 μg/L to below the IC detection level (5 μg/L) and nitrate was reduced from 61.8 mg/L (14 mg/L NO₃-N) to 4.4 mg/L (1 mg/L NO₃-N). Acetate used as a carbon source was consumed from 179 mg/L CH₃COO- to 117 and 11 mg/L CH₃COO- in effluents from anoxic and aerobic biofilm reactors, respectively. Turbidity was reduced from 3.0 NTU to 1.5, 0.3, and 0.2 NTU in effluents from anoxic/aerobic biofilm reactors and MF membrane, respectively. It is expected that the sequential anoxic/aerobic biofilm reactors and MF membrane system can efficiently remove perchlorate and nitrate in surface water or groundwater.

도시하수에서 생물학적 퍼클로레이트의 환원

최혁순(Hyeok Sun Choi) 大韓環境工學會 2013 대한환경공학회지 Vol.35 No.9

본 연구는 도시하수에서 퍼클로레이트 분해의 잠재성을 알아보기 위해 수행되었다. 3 L 생하수를 포함하는 플라스크를 이용한 실험이 수행되었다. 하수에 일정농도의 퍼클로레이트와 다양한 첨가물이 혼합되었다. 하수에서 퍼클로레이트의 제거가 일어났으나, 교반 72시간 동안 0에서 72%의 매우 다양한 제거율을 보였다. 퍼클로레이트로 순응된 미생물의 미량(167 mg/LSS) 주입만으로도 퍼클로레이트 분해 지체시간은 현저하게 감소되었으며 하수에서 퍼클로레이트가 완전히 제거되었다. 용존산소농도가 2 mg/L 이상 그리고 염분농도가 비교적 높은(전기전도도 14 mS; TDS 8 g/L) 조건의 하수/brine 혼합수에서 퍼클로레이트 제거는 방해를 받았다. 퍼클로레이트와 질산염이 공존하는 하수/brine 혼합실험에서 퍼클로레이트 환원에 비해 질산염 환원이 우선적으로 진행되었으며, 초기 질산성 질소의 약 66%에 해당되는 많은 양의 아질산염이 축적되었다. This research was done to evaluate the potential for destruction of perchlorate in municipal sewage. Laboratory experiments were conducted in flasks containing 3 liters of raw sewage. Sewage was mixed with defined amount of perchlorate and various additives. Perchlorate reduction in sewage did occur, but was quite variable, ranging from 0 to 72% over 72 hour. Addition of even a small amount of perchlorate acclimated biomass (167 mg/L SS) significantly reduced the lag and resulted in complete perchlorate removal. Perchlorate reduction in sewage-brine mixtures was inhibited when the dissolved oxygen level was greater than 2 mg/L, and when the mixture salinity was relatively high (conductivity = 14 mS with equivalent TDS = 8 g/L). When nitrate (NO₃ -)was present with perchlorate in the laboratory flask tests of sewage-brine mixtures, nitrate reduction proceeded first. A significant amount of nitrite (NO₂-) accumulated in the sewage-brine mixtures, accounting for about 66% of initial nitrate nitrogen (NO₃-N).

고정생물막공법을 이용한 저농도 퍼클로레이트의 제거

최혁순 ( Hyeok Sun Choi ) 한국수처리학회 2009 한국수처리학회지 Vol.17 No.3

무산소 탈질생물막반응조에서 2.4-DNP 생분해에 대한 연구

이조현 ( Jo Hyun Lee ),최혁순 ( Hyeok Sun Choi ) 한국수처리학회 2012 한국수처리학회지 Vol.20 No.3

Nitrophenois, used as intermediates in the production of dyes, explosives, and pesticides, are considered important water contaminants that are acutely toxic or carcinogen to humans. There are some reports about the anaerobic biodegradation of 2.4-DNP, However, There is little information about the biodegradation of 2, 4-DNP as a sole electron donor in an anoxic denitrification bioreactor, This research was carried out to investigate whether 2, 4-DNP can be used as a sole carbon source in the denitrification biofilm reactor under anoxic condition. When 26mg/L of 2, 4-DNP and 492mg/L of acetate were added, 443mg/L of nitrate was removed completely in the biofilm reactor. However, the average removal rate of 2, 4-DNP was 14%. Under acetate limitation condition, denitrification rate and 2, 4-DNP removal rate were dramatically decreased. After acetate influent was increased to sufficient concentration, denitrification rate was restored in the biofilm reactor.

무산소 생물막 반응조를 이용한 퍼클로레이트와 2,4-DNP 제거에 대한 연구

김재명 ( Jae Myeong Kim ),최혁순 ( Hyeok Sun Choi ) 한국수처리학회 2015 한국수처리학회지 Vol.23 No.3

Most perchlorate reducing bacteria can use many organic compounds as electron donors under anoxic condition. 2,4-dinitrophenol(DNP), considered as highly toxic and potentially carcinogenic compounds, is released to environment from the industrial sources, such as dye, explosive, and pesticides. A number of bacterial strains have been reported which can use DNP as their sole carbon and nitrogen source. This research was done to evaluate whether 2,4-DNP as a carbon source can be used to reduce perchlorate in an anoxic biofilm reactor. When 25mg/L of 2,4-DNP was added with 110.6mg/L of acetate as sufficient carbon source, 10mg/L of perchlorate was almost completely removed, but the removal rate of 2,4-DNP was 9.6~13.6%. When 2,4-DNP was added as the sole carbon source, 2,4-DNP removal rate was increased to 48.2% but perchlorate removal rate was dramatically decreased to 14.7%. The results showed that the possibility of application of 2,4-DNP as a sole carbon source was low in a biofilm reactor for perchlorate reduction.

생물막반응조를 이용한 퍼클로레이트 처리에서 EBCT의 영향

이태룡 ( Tae Ryong Lee ),이영도 ( Young Do Lee ),김홍태 ( Hong Tae Kim ),최혁순 ( Hyeok Sun Choi ) 한국수처리학회 2011 한국수처리학회지 Vol.19 No.3

Perchlorate contamination generates from the disposal of ammonium perchlorate(AP), a highly energetic compound produced for use in solid rocket propellant of missile. Typical water treatment technologies such as ion exchange, carbon adsorption, and air stripping seem not to be economical for perchlorate removal, which is extremely stable in water and does not react to adsorbents. Biofilm processes have been considered as a cost effective treatment for perchlorate and other anions. The purpose of this research was to investigate the optimum EBCT in a fixed biofilm reactor for destruction of perchlorate. A synthetic water containing average 277μg/L perchlorate was reduced to 40μg/L, 8μg/L, 10μg/L, and 52μg/L perchlorate at 5.4hr, 2.7hr, 1.4hr, and 0.5hr of EBCT in a fixed biofilm reactor. A fixed biofilm reactor with internal recirculation(2:1) reduced perchlorate from 277μg/L to below detection, 4μg/L, 11μg/L, and 47μg/L at 5.4hr, 2.7hr, 1.4hr, and 0.5hr EBCT. Perchlorate removal efficiencies in a plug flow biofilm reactor and internal recirculation biofilm reactor were not significantly different during this experiment.

Biofilter와 망간모래여과의 정수처리 특성

김홍태 ( Hong Tae Kim ),장정훈 ( Jung Hun Jang ),최혁순 ( Hyeok Sun Choi ) 한국수처리학회 2007 한국수처리학회지 Vol.15 No.3