베씨 헤드의 『비구름이 모일 때』가 개척한 "미래를 향한 새로운 길"

최선령 ( Sun Ryoung Choi ) 영미문학연구회 2015 영미문학연구 Vol.28 No.-

Even though the novel as a genre was associated with the rise of European bourgeoisie and the development of modem capitalism which led to the European colonializalion of Africa, many postcolonial African writers chose the novel as the most resourceful genre 10 assert their independence from European cultural domination. Bessie Head, a nonwhite South African woman novelist, also defined her work as recording ````whatever hopeful trend .. she found in reality to shape the future that will be free from "exploitation, slavery and oppression". Head left South Africa under Ap3rthcid and wrote all her major novels in exile in Botswana. Her first novel. When Rain Clouds Gather. explores an utopia where the black people achieve financial independence by means of advanced agricultural techniques and management, free themselves from political oppression, and finally recover their human dignity. Despite its utopian ending, When Rain Clouds Guther averts the danger of utopianism by setting itself in a rather exceptional small village of Botswana and interposing a comic relief. The hero``s shift from violent resistance movement 10 commitment to agriculture indicates that Head is critical of "all the hate-making political ideologies" and violence which evemual1y lead to the subject`s inner devastation, and refuses to subordinate individuality to collectivity. This novel is insightful in its suggestion that the violence against evil cannot be a true solution because evil recurs inevitably and systemically in modern society. This view has something in common with the contemporary argument about "systemic violence" by Slavoj Zizek. In When Rain Clouds Gather. the liberation from the oppressor comes not from violence, but rrom civil disobedience and silent occupation.

05 포스터 발표 : 수질 환경 분야PW-05 ; 강화도 고구저수지의 물리적 특성 및 수질오염유형에 따른 수질개선방안

최선화 ( Sun Hwa Choi ),김형중 ( Hyung Joong Kim ),김해도 ( Hae Do Kim ),김동환 ( Dong Hwan Kim ),이태호 ( Tae Ho Lee ) 한국환경농학회 2014 한국환경농학회 학술대회집 Vol.2014 No.-

고구저수지는 인천광역시 강화군 교동면 고구리에 1978년에 설치된 농업용 양수저수지이다. 유역은 화개산(259.5m)을 정점으로 형성된 구릉지역으로 강화군 교동면 고구 1, 2리 일부에 해당하는 전형적인 농촌지형이다. 고구저수지는 유역면적이 약 340㏊로 자연 집수구역이 너무 작아 저수지 하류지역 농경배수로에서 물을 양수하여 관개용수로 재사용하고 있다. 농업용수로 사용한 물을 저수지로 양수하고 또 그 물을 농업용수로 공급하는 일련의 과정이 계속 반복됨으로서 저수지의 수질오염을 가중시키고 있다. 오염된 물을 사용하여 농사를 짓는 하류지역 농민들은 친환경농산물인증을 받기 어려워 지속적인 민원을 제기하고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 양수저수지인 고구저수지의 물리적 특성과 수질오염특성을 살펴보고, 저수지의 수질개선을 위한 적절한 수질개선대책을 제시하였다.고구저수지의 수질현황은 COD 7.4~8.8 ㎎/L(평균 8.2 ㎎/L), T-N 0.611~1.355 ㎎/L(평균 0.885 ㎎/L), T-P 0.040~0.090 ㎎/L(평균 0.068 ㎎/L)로 조사 시기에 따라 수질의 차이를 보였으며, 양수지점인 농경배수에서의 수질은 COD 6.8~8.0 ㎎/L(평균 7.5 ㎎/L), T-N 0.820~3.960 ㎎/L(평균 2.384 ㎎/L), T-P 0.053~2.122 ㎎/L(평균 1.391 ㎎/L)로 T-N, T-P 농도가 높게 나타났다. 상류유역의 유입배수1은 COD 0.4~4.4 ㎎/L(평균 1.4 ㎎/L), T-N 0.038~3.538 ㎎/L(평균 1.558 ㎎/L), T-P 0.055~4.337 ㎎/L(평균 1.734 ㎎/L)로 T-N, T-P 농도가 높았고, 유입배수2에서는 T-P 농도가 매우 높게 나타났다. 유입배수1과 유입배수2는 저수지 상류부에 위치하고 있는 도로에 의해 분리된 소류지와 수문으로 각각 연결되어 흐름이 거의 없는 정체된 수역을 보이고 있다. 고구저수지는 평균 COD농도가 8.0 ㎎/L이상으로 유기물오염도가 높고, 유효저수량/만수면적 비가 5m이하로 호소 내부적으로 부영양화에 취약한 구조를 가지고 있는 복합원인형에 해당한 저수지이다. 따라서 수질개선방안으로 호 내 DO를 증가시켜 내부생산성을 억제하는 방안과 유입수에 해당하는 농경배수의 수질을 개선시키는 대책들을 제안하였다. 저수지 호내 대책으로는 산소 직접주입법과 호소수 인공순환/폭기법이 있는데 고구저수지는 수면적이 넓기 때문에 인공순환폭기법이 적용 가능 할 것으로 판단된다. 농경배수로는 하천 폭이 넓고 수심이 깊은 자연형태의 수로로 높은 T-N, T-P 농도를 나타내고 있으므로 농경지 인근 휴경지를 거친 후 배수하는 방법과 배수로 내에 설치하는 식생수로, 인공식물섬, Off-line으로 설치하는 인공습지 등이 현장 적용성이 높을 대책 들로 판단되었다.

주오염원별 농업용저수지의 장기 수질특성변화

최선화 ( Choi Sun-hwa ),김호일 ( Kim Ho-il ),윤경섭 ( Yoon Kyung-seup ),박종민 ( Park Jong-min ) 한국농공학회 2002 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2002 No.-

This study has been carried out to analized of long term changes of water quality with regard to main pollutant sources in agricultural reservoirs on the basis of data during 1996-2001. The major source was domestic wastewater(DWW) and water pollution by non-point sources(NPS) is increasing as time goes. It was determined that Seasonly average values of DWW were pH 7.6~8.7, COD 7.0~9.4, T-N 0.74~2.07, T-P 0.05~0.62, Live-stock wastewater(LWW) were pH 7.5~8.9, COD 5.5~9.8, T-N 0.57~1.91 , T-P 0.04~0.13, NPS were pH 7.1~8.3, COD 3.1~5.2, T-N 0.29~1.44, T-P 0.02~0.07. Fluctuation of DWW and LWW were very wide and variable long term patterns of them were similar. Trophic states by Carlson Index of DWW and LWW was classified as eutrophic to hypretrophic from chl-a, T-P concentration.

관개용수 pH가 벼 생육, 수량, 미질에 미치는 영향(I)

최선화 ( Choi Sun Hwa ),김호일 ( Kim Ho Il ),안열 ( An Yeul ),허유만 ( Huh Yoo Man ) 한국농공학회 2003 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2003 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of the pH of irrigation water on the growth, yield, and grain quality of rice. It acquire fundamental know ledges to set up irrigation water quality standards. The pot experiment was conducted with 5 treatments using irrigation waters with various pH values(control, 4, 6, 8, 10) and replicated four times with randomized block design. The results of this study showed that the uptake of N, P, and K, Ripened grain ratio and yield of rice tended to be reduced at the irrigation water of pH 4 and pH 10. P uptake, Ripened grain ratio and yield of rice at pH 4 water were significantly lower than the control. K uptake at pH 10 water was significantly lower than the control. Plant height, SPAD value and protein content of rice were not affected by the pH of irrigation water.

농업용수 수질기준 T-P 항목에 대한 검증실험 (I)

최선화 ( Choi Sun Hwa ),김호일 ( Kim Ho Il ),윤경섭 ( Yoon Kyung Seup ),이봉훈 ( Lee Bong Hun ) 한국농공학회 2003 한국농공학회 학술대회초록집 Vol.2003 No.-

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of T-P concentrations in irrigation water on the growth, yield, and grain quality of rice. It acquire fundamental knowledges to set up irrigation water quality standards. The pot experiment was conducted with 5 treatments using irrigation waters. It consisted of various total phosphorus concentrations(control, I, 2, 5, 10mg/L) and replicated four times with randomized block design. The results of this study showed that as T-P concentrations in irrigation water increases, plant height tended to increase. Dry weight of rice plant at T-P 10mg/L was significantly higher than the control. However, T-P in irrigation water did not affect plant height, tiller number, plant dry weight, yield, and quality of rice.

로렌스의 유령 이야기: 「국경선」과 「유쾌한 유령들」을 중심으로

최선령 ( Sun Ryoung Choi ) 한국로렌스학회 2012 D.H. 로렌스 연구 Vol.20 No.3

Focusing on "The Border-Line" and "Glad Ghosts", this paper aims to examine and reevaluate D. H. Lawrence`s ghost stories that have attracted relatively little critical attention. Lawrence`s ghost stories were written in the late phase of his literary career when the images of death were frequent in his short stories. Two overlapping backgrounds are behind this: the First World War was synonymous with death, and the devastated post world-war European countries were all engulfed by the tide of death; and around the same time, suffering from tuberculosis, Lawrence had to face the shadow of death hung upon his own life. Lawrence`s ghost stories were also inspired by the English ghost story tradition which achieved great popularity between 1850 and 1930. However, Lawrence radically deconstructed the fundamental hypothesis of this genre where the ambiguity of the ghost, that is, whether it really exists or it`s just a symptomatic phenomena of an unsettled and disturbed psyche, plays an pivotal role in arousing tension and suspense. Most of Lawrentian ghosts return without giving fear or suspense and with the purpose of fulfilled relationship between them and the living people who expect and even waitfor their return. Both "The Border-Line" and "Glad Ghosts" partly fall a little short of the principles of successful short story such as condensed atmosphere, economy in narrative, dramatic climax, and final reversal. However, "The Border-Line" presents a new concept of ghost, and "Glad Ghosts" goes beyond the spirit-body dichotomy and continues to search for more complex layers in the meaning of the ghost. Creating a subtle "varied tone" in the narrative, and interweaving the ghost theme with other realistic or exotic motifs like class and swapping, "Glad Ghosts" is highly probably an attractive Lawrentian ghost story.

학령기아동의 체형 별 비만지표 비교

최선하(Sun-Ha Choi),안영미(Young-Mee Ahn),이상미(Sang-Mee Lee) 한국생활환경학회 2009 한국생활환경학회지 Vol.16 No.6

There is a need to explore the body shape of children, a basic physiologic anthropometry, in growing process. This study investigated the body shape of 2,197 children using three methods for body shape; K-Obesity index, Body Mass Index (BMI), and Rohrer index. Results revealed, first, the inconsistency in classifying body shapes (5 types from very skinny to obese) by the methods for body shape. Rohrer index showed the largest values in both weight and height for skinny and average body shape, than other two indexes. However for overweight and/or obese children, K-Obesity index showed the largest values of weight and height. Secondly, strong relationship between BMI and Rohrer index was observed across all types of body shapes, while positive relationship for overweight and obese types between K-Obesity index and BMI, and negative relationship for very skinny types and positive relationship for average and more obese types between K-Obesity index and Rohrer index. Finally, the strongest correlation was observed between K-Obesity index and weight, while negative relationship between Rohrer index and height. Careful caution is needed in classifying the body shapes using existing index, particularly in identifying overweight and obese children.

LIGASTIC 인공인대를 이용한 급성 견봉 쇄골 탈구의 수술적 치료

최선진(Sun Jin Choi),박한성(Han Sung Park),김상효(Sang Hyo Kim) 대한견주관절의학회 2005 대한견주관절학회지 Vol.8 No.2

수질관리 : 관개용수 수질농도와 벼 수확량, 미질과의 상관관계

최선화 ( Sun Hwa Choi ),김호일 ( Ho Il Kim ),이광식 ( Kwang Sik Lee ),장정렬 ( Jeong Ryeol Jang ),오종민 ( Jong Min Oh ) 대한상하수도학회 2004 공동추계 학술발표회 논문집 Vol.2004 No.-

安城 七長寺 木造地藏菩薩坐像과 彫刻僧 金文

崔宣一(Choi, Sun-Il) 한국역사민속학회 2009 역사민속학 Vol.- No.29

본 논문은 경기도 안성시 칠장사에 봉안된 목조지장보살좌상을 제작한 金文비구에 관한 연구이다. 이 불상은 불상의 개금 작업으로 발원문이 조사되어 조선후기 불상연구에 기준 작으로 활용할 수 있는 중요한 작품이다. 발원문에 의하면 목조지장보살좌상은 1706년에 칠장사에 봉안하기 위하여 성현이 증명을 맡고, 사간과 탄원이 化主가 되어 금문, 청윤, 묘성 등이 제작하였다. 조각승 금문은 1655년에 수화승 惠熙와 충북 보은 법주사 목조관음보살좌상을, 1668년에 수화승 勝日과 경북 김천 직지사 비로전 석조비로자나불좌상을, 1675년에 수화승 혜희와 전북 김제 금산사 대장전 불상을 제작하고, 1703년에 수화승으로 부산 기장 장안사 석조삼세불좌상을 중수?도금하였다. 지금까지 알려진 발원문를 중심으로 金文의 생애는 1640년을 전후하여 태어나 1655년 혜희와 보은 법주사 목조관음보살좌상을 보조화승으로 활약한 후, 1675년에 김제 금산사 대장전에 불상을 부화승으로 제작하였다. 금문은 1703년에 수화승으로 부산기장장안사 석조불상을 塗金하고, 1706년에 안성 칠장사 목조지장보살좌상 등을 제작하여 오랜 기간 활동한 조각승이다. 금문이 제작한 불상의 특징은 17세기 중반에 제작된 불상에 비하여 신체에서 얼굴이 차지하는 비중이 늘어나고, 오른쪽 어깨에 걸친 대의 자락이 목에서 팔꿈치까지 완만하게 늘어져 있으며, 왼쪽 어깨에 수직으로 늘어진 옷자락의 윗부분이 사선으로 접혀 있다. 또한 하반신을 덮은 대의의 안쪽 자락이 S자로 도식적으로 펼쳐져 있다. 이러한 특징을 가진 불상으로는 강원 강릉 백운사, 경북 봉화 중대사, 경북 고령 반룡사, 경북 문경 대성암와 혜국사, 충북 괴산 개심사과 제천 무암사 목조불좌상 등에 남아있어 금문을 위주로 한 彫刻僧들이 17세기 후반부터 18세기 전반까지 충북을 중심으로 중부지역에 걸쳐 활동하였음을 알 수 있다. 지금까지 밝혀진 그들의 조각승 계보는 그의 계보는 太顚(1600~1615)→法靈(法令, 1615~1641)→惠熙(慧熙, 1640~1677)→金文(1655~1706), 淸允(1684~1706)으로 이어진다. 이번 연구를 통하여 금문과 그 계보의 조각승들이 17세기 후반부터 18세기 전반까지 불교조각사에 중요한 하나의 계보를 형성하였음을 알 수 있다. This study explores about the Seated Wooden Ksitigarbha of Anseong Chiljangsa. This Seated Wooden Kstigarbha was rendered by monk sculpture Geummun(金文) in 1706. Its votive inscription, which was found during gilding process, helps to study late Joseon dynasty"s Buddhist sculpture style. According to the votive inscription, the Seated Wooden Ksitigarbha, was enshrined in Chilojangsa in 1706. The main buddhist sculptor was Geummun. His name also reported other votive inscriptions. According to these inscriptions, he was participated in Hyehui(惠熙)’s works in 1655 and 1675. He also worked with Seungil(勝日) in 1668. In these three cases, the position of Geummun was subordinated to these two masters, Hyehui and Seungil. However, in 1703 Geummun became a head of a group of monk sculptors when he gilt the Stone Buddha Triad of Busan Jangansa. Based on these reported votive inscriptions, Geummun"s life can be traced. He was approximately born in 1640 and in 1655 joined Hyehui monk sculptor school. After 1655, he was involved in many Buddha creating projects for 50 years. The features of Geummun’s works were summarized to three. Compared with other Buddha sculpture, created in 17th century, in his works, the potion of Buddha head is increased. The second feature is the way for creating drapery. The drapery on the right shoulder gradually falls to the side by shaping a slant line. The drapery under the left shoulder is folded. The third feature is the "S" shape on the edge of the robe, which covers the lower part of the body. These three features are easily recognized in Gangneung Baegunsa, Bonghwa Jungdaesa, Goryeong Bannyongsa, Mungyeong Haegoksa and Daeseongam, Guisan Gaeshimsa, and Jaecheon Muamsa Buddhas. Based on these Buddhas’ stylistic similarities in above temples, I can conclude that Geummun and his associated monk sculptors mainly engaged in Chungbug province Buddha creating projects from late 17th century to the early 18th century. The Seated Wooden Ksitigarbha of Chiljangsa is a reliable source to fill Taewon(太願) monk sculptor school"s genealogy. Taewon school"s genealogy is summarized like this: Taewon(太願, 1600~1615)-Beopyeong(法靈, 法令, 1615~1641)-Hyehui(慧熙, 1640~1677)-Geummun(金文, 1665~1706), Chengyun(淸允, 1684-1706). Geummun and his associated monk sculptors played a critical role for shaping one of the important monk sculptor schools in the late 17th century and the early 18th century.