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최동익,최목균,Choi, Dong-Ik,Choie, Mok-Kyun 대한심미치과학회 1995 Journal of the Korean Academy of Esthetic Dentistr Vol.3 No.1
Ni-Ti alloy has excellent corrosion resistance, biocompatibility, shape memory effect and superelasticity, so it has been used widely in biomedical fields. But it has difficulty in casting due to its high melting temperature and oxygen affinity at high temperature. Recently it has been attempted to cast Ni-Ti alloy using new casting machine and investment. The purpose of this study was to examine the superelastic behavior of cast shape memory Ni-Ti alloy and to compare the mechanical properties of the cast shape memory alloy with those of commercial alloys for removable partial denture framework. Ni-Ti alloy(Ni 50.25%, Ti 49.75% : atomic ratio) was cast with dental argon-arc pressure casting machine and Type IV gold alloy, Co-Cr alloy, Ni-Cr alloy, pure titanium were cast as reference. Experimental cast Ni-Ti alloy was treated with heat($500{\pm}2^{\circ}C$) in muffle furnace for 1 hour. Transformation temperature range of cast Ni-Ti alloy was measured with differential scanning calorimetry. The superelastic behavior and mechanical properties of cat Ni-Ti alloy were observed and evaluated by three point bending test, ultimate tensile test, Vickers microhardness test and scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows : 1. Cast Ni-Ti alloy(Ni 50.25%, Ti 49.75% : atomic ratio) was found to have superelastic behavior. 2. Stiffness of cast Ni-Ti alloy was considerably lesser than that of commercial alloys for removable partial denture. 3. Permanent deformation was observed in commercial alloys for removable partial denture framework at three point bending test over proportional limit(1.5mm deflection), but was not nearly observed in cast Ni-Ti alloy. 4. On the mechanical properties of ultimate tensile strength, elongation and Vickers microhardness number, cast Ni-Ti alloy was similiar to Type IV gold alloy, Co-Cr alloy, Ni-Cr alloy and pure titanium. With these results, cast Ni-Ti alloy had superelastic behavior and low stiffness. Therefore, it is suggested that cast Ni-Ti alloy may be applicated to base metal alloy for removable partial denture framework.
최동익(Dongik Choi) 한국중원언어학회 2013 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.29
English allows inanimate subjects with theta-roles such as Causer, Theme, Source, Instrument, Locative, and Time while Korean generally allows inanimate subjects with only Theme. Machine translation of English into Korean, however, does not reflect this mismatch and only considers the syntactic position. This paper examines the current status of machine translation and propose a way which can be helpful in making an algorithm to reduce errors. This study uses three machine translators available online to translate English sentences with inanimate subjects into Korean. Only 3% of all the Korean translations by machine translators were acceptable. English verbs should be classified based on theta-role frames to reduce translation errors. Nouns should be assigned an animacy feature: [+animate] or [-animate]. A machine translator should have an algorithm whereby (1) [-animate] subjects are translated adverbially according to the theta-roles of the subjects, (2) objects are translated as subjects in Korean, and (3) verbs are translated into either intransitive verbs or passivized verbs morphologically or syntactically based on the context and the characteristics of Korean verbs.
과거시제의 영어 복문과 중문에 대한 번역가 번역과 기계번역 비교
최동익(Dongik Choi) 한국중원언어학회 2016 언어학연구 Vol.0 No.39
Due to the characteristics of English as an SOT language and Korean as a non-SOT language, the differences between the two languages in tenses should be reflected in translating English complex and compound sentences into Korean. I compared translators’ translations with machine translations focusing on Korean translations of the tenses of those English sentences. I found out that machine translations made errors with regard to tenses and made a suggestion for better machine translations. Translators translated English complex and compound sentences with past-tense clauses under past-tense matrix clauses including verb complement clauses and relative clauses into Korean sentences which have simultaneous construal. Sentences including coordinate conjunctions were translated into either sentences with simultaneous construal or shifted construal. Meanwhile, sentences with subordinate conjunctions were translated into having shifted reading. In contrast, a machine translator on the Internet translated all the sentences, regardless of their structures, into sentences with shifted reading. Therefore, the machine translator should be programmed accordingly to yield simultaneous construal.