村落景觀의 比較硏究 試論

崔基燁 誠信女子大學校 韓國地理硏究所 1996 應用地理 Vol.- No.19

The difference between Korean and European rural landscapes might had been resulted from the differences between the two society's agro-eclogial chains of climate-landform-soil-agricultural systems primarily, but more conclusive contrasts of the two rural landscapes had directly come fromthe differences of their social organization to earry out such farming systems. European agro-ecological chains had developed the mixed farming and the elaborate rotation system of the landuse, and on the basis of such practice, the settlement domain had been divided into orderly parts of 'Ackerland'(common field), 'Wurt'(kitchen garden), 'Hofstatt'(farmhouse), 'Allmende'(common pasture)and 'Wald'(wood). The unique organization of the use of aialle land and the division of the domain had motivated the constitution of the German village community (Dorfgemeiude) to execute 'flurzqang' (field constraiw). This German system of land organization had led to the formation of European rural landscapes. With the European systems, the Korean agroecological chains had encouraged paddy culture. Since paddy culture expected to produce enough yield only by the management of irrigation work. It's system had not contributed to promote the formation of comprehensive village community and the communal regulations for the shake of land use but only had induced lafour community planting, weeding and harvesting. Consequently, the units of arafle land had been properly small and irregular in Paddy culture. Since irc. 16~17 century, as paddy field has been expanded over the flood plains, and as the fomation of the kinship community has been activated, villages, especially clan villages with irregular form have been increased steadily throughout the nation. Another contrast between two societies is the varieties of types of the settlement forms is very confined. The majority of settlement types is the compact irregular villages. Isolated farms and the planned reclamation settlements had been developed only a little in some hilly regious and west-south coast respectively by the invasion of imperial Japanese land capital since 1900s. Finally, in Korea rural society, row settlements along the stream have scarecely been developed on account of the preparation for the paddy field on the danger of flood. Rather, row and agglomerated settlements along the mountain food or on the valley inlet have been developed extensively.

統一新羅期 村落의 地域的 性格

崔基燁 誠信女子大學校 韓國地理硏究所 1986 應用地理 Vol.- No.9

This study discusses the geographical features of the rural settlements in Unified Shilla Dynasty in about 8th century. Details discussed are the village territory, pattern and size of the settlements in elation to the socio-economic background of that period. Analysis is based on Shilla Village Ledger (or Shilla Civil Administration Ledger) which was the partial village register of four villages around Suh-won Kyung (西原京 : Western capital: now, Cheung-ju, the provincial seat of Choong-Cheung Buk-Do) of Unified Shilla in about 8th century. The results of this study are summarized as follows. In the period of the Unified Shilla, villages as the agricultural units were found. The village is considered as a clan community in the size of 8-15 households. In view of paddy rate ammounting to 50%, villages in this period were small and had clustered pattern. Each village had its own vast territory which was recorded by the scale of Bo ( 步 : pace, 1 Bo is equal to 1.8m ) in fractions. The existence of the village territory, vast for its population size, indicates the fact that the powerful administrative control was enforced over the peasant in pursuit of collecting the taxes in produce or labor. These territories of villages should be distingushed from the self-sustaining territories of primitive societies. Regional units for political control were not the natural villages but the administrative villages. The latter might be composed of about 4-5 natural villages. In this way, the dual structure of spatial organization of the villages had maintained until the early Chosun period.

사회적 재현으로서의 촌락 경관과 장소성 - 화성 남양 홍씨 등의 종족촌과 해미 인근의 개간지 민촌을 사례로 -

최기엽 애산학회 2005 애산학보 Vol.31 No.-

散村景觀의 形成過程 : 瑞山周邊의 散村地域硏究

崔基燁 誠信女子大學校 韓國地理硏究所 1985 應用地理 Vol.- No.8

Generally, dispersed settlements develop on the eastern and north-eastern mountainous regions in Korea. If dispersed settlements develop on the low land regions, it is conceived that special social processes are involved in the formation of such settlement landscapes. In parts of mid-west coast, especially in Gobug Myeon, Seosan Gun of Chungcheongnam Do, there develop dispersed settlements on the low relief erosional plane. This study intend to discuss social pattern and processes of these settlement developments. This low flat plane which is at altitude of 10-40m, without any surface water, confront with sea. Some dissected valleys develop around this low table-like erosional plane. This flat land was covered with forests until recent years. From about 1930s, land clearance began. Now remained dotted woodlands break the monotonus sight. All these natural factors halted the progress of the plough and colonization. In 18th century, small clustered villages were distributed around this erosional flat, especially near the outlets of the dissected valleys or at the foots of the eastern mountain of this region. Until that time, the erosional flat was not exploited and empty of settlements. The first land clearance was conducted by Japanese colonialist land cooperation from early 1930s. The first small scale immigrants from surrounding regions settled at“Nong-jangchon.”( 농 장 촌 ) There they individually cleared the forests and built houses on their ownings. The dispersed pattern settlement were developed. The land clearance had been continued very slowly during the Japanese rule, Second phase of exploitation which began after 1950 conducted by refugees from Hwanghae Do, North Korea during the Korean War. They settled at “Pinanminbang.” ( 피 난 민 방 ) and “Saeteo”( 새 터 ) west of “Nong-jangchon”( 농 장 촌 ) They grouped together in hamlet type of settlement pattern. The third phase of processes of settlement formation was resulted with the construction of the water reservoir on the upper Haemi stream and the associated irrigation system on the erosional flat. In this stage, immigrants came from far southern provinces, Gyeongsang Do and Jeonla Do. They settled at "Seong tuk”( 성 뚝 ) farther west of the former groups. All these three social groups consist of former landless farmers. After settled here, they became owner occupier. We can set up three social space correspond with social groups in this region.

近代地理學 이후의 反實證主義的 認識과 方法

崔基燁 誠信女子大學校 韓國地理硏究所 1983 應用地理 Vol.- No.6

This study attempts to reasses the positivist methodologies in present geography by reappraising the geographical thoughts and methodologies of the two founders of modern geography: Alexander von Humboldt and Vidal de la Blache and provide the alternative epistemological foundations to modem geography in line with both phenomenology and structural linguistics. Also this study aims at clarifying the influence of philosophical and paradigmatic viewpoints on geographical thought. Positivism gained its main strength since nineteenth century by promising a sure means of process for western civilization in the use of knowledge for the control of nature, and its success was linked the rise of industrial capitalism. But positivist approach has come under increasing criticism for its conceptual poverty and ineffectuality in dealing with comtemporary problems recently. In the light of current anti-positivist movement it seems time for a fresh look at the two founders' effort to provide an alternative to the narrow empiricism or positivism of their days. Under the influence of his day's idealism and romanticism, Humboldt saw the contribution of geography, in studying complex functional relationships and providing a holistic world view, as an integral part of scientific inquiry. In the process of scientific inquiry he intended to draw attention to the importance of concepts in the mind. On the other hand, Vidal's approach to regional study lay in its existentially grounded character, at the interface between milieu and civilisation was carved a living landscape recording how particular groups, in their experience, had interpreted, valued, and utilized their environments. And his concept of genre de vie was understood to be a result of main initiative and creative adaption to his environment. Contrary to the positivist, Vidal avoided systematic deduction and a narrow idea of a strict and mechanical determinism. Thus two founders advocated the importance of subjectivity and the holistic view in geography study. Because the present logical positivist geographers can not accept the subjective understanding of geographical reality, we can make it possible by introducing both the phenomenological and the hermeneutical epistemologies into the geographical research. Phenomenology makes us possible to examine the everyday experience of our lived-world and with it we can approach the meanings of place. With structural linguistics we can afford to take landscapes as text. And the interpretation of the meanings of landscape symbols necessitates semantics.

場所의 理解와 象徵的 空間의 解讀

崔基燁 서울大學校 社會科學大學 地理學科 1983 地理學論叢 Vol.10 No.-

중심지 이론의 방법론적 연구 ( Methodological Comments on the Study of the Central Place Theory )

최기엽 대한지리학회 1971 대한지리학회지 Vol.6 No.1

朝鮮時代 村落의 地域的 性格

崔基燁 서울大學校 社會科學大學 地理學科 1987 地理學論叢 Vol.14 No.-

『 도시의 이해 : 도시지리학적 접근 』

최기엽 한국도시지리학회 1998 한국도시지리학회지 Vol.1 No.1

공업지역과 중심지의 계층화방법에 관한 검토

최기엽 대한지리학회 1974 대한지리학회지 Vol.9 No.1