운동선수의 안정시 및 점증부하운동 중 심전도 양상

주기찬,고성식,변재경,정덕조,송상협 한국운동과학회 2002 운동과학 Vol.11 No.2

주기찬, 고성식, 변재경, 정덕조, 송상협. 운동선수의 안정시 및 점증부하운동 중 심전도 양상. 운동과학, 제11권 제2호, 467-482. 2002. 본 연구는 운동선수의 안정시 심전도의 특성 및 안정시와 점증부하운동 중 심전도 변화 양상이 운동선수 유형에 따라 어떤 차이를 보이는지, 또 심질환자와 구분 지을 수 있는 척도는 무엇인지 밝히고자 시도하였다. 이를 위해 C시소제 C체육고등학교 학생 144명(남 93명, 여 51명)을 대상으로 하여 안정시 심전도를 측정하였고, 이 중 27명(HS-LD 9명, MS-MD 9명, LS-HD 9명)을 무선표집하여 점증부하운동 중 운동단계별 심전도를 측정하여 집단 간 비교하였다. 안정시 심전도는 정상적으로 분석하였으며 운동 중 심전도는 3(운동유형)×5(운동단계)의 혼합설계 이원분산분석으로 검증하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 운동선수의 안정시 심전도는 일반인의 안전시 심전도에 비해 더 많은 이상 파형을 보였다. 둘째, 안정시 심전도에 나타난 파형은 조기 재분극(남 96.7%, 여 98%), 동성서맥(남 81.7%, 여 45.1%), 좌심실비대(남 52.7%, 여 16.0%), 불완전 우각차단(남 37.6%, 여 17.6%), 동성부정맥(남 21.5%, 여11.8%), 1도 방실차단(남 10.8%, 여 4.0%), 좌우심방비대는 각기 남자에서만 2.2%, 심방조기수축, 심방조율, 결절성 조율, 우심설 비대는 남자에서 1.1%, 그리고 심방조율은 여자에서 2.0%의 빈도율을 보였다. 셋째, 운동 중 심전도 반응은 세 집단 모두 정상적인 반응을 보였고 이것은 안정시에 나타난 운동선수의 이상 파형이 병리적인 현상이 아니라는 것을 뒷받침해 줄 수 있었다. 넷째, Sokolow-Lyon 척도는 지구성 유형의 선수가 주축을 이룬 LS-HD 집단에서 가장 높게 나타났고, 근력 유형외 선수가 주축을 이룬 HS-LD 집단에서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이것은 운동 유형에 따라 다른 형태로 적응된 심실비대가 심전도 상에서 다르게 나타날 수 있음을 시사한다. Joo, K.C., Ko, S.S, Byeon, J.K., Jung, D.J., Song, S.H. The Electrocardiogram at Rest and during Graded Exercise in Athletes. Exercise Science, 11(2): 467-482, 2002. Our Study was performed for the purpose of examinining what the EGG of athletes would be different from that of non-athletes, what the difference in EGG change during exercise would be like among different type of athletes, and what the useful criteria for identifying pathological EGG patterns might be available. We recruited 144 high school athletes in Chongju city. After resting ECGs of 144 students were tested, we randomly selected 9 from each 3 group of athletes, that was HS/LD, MS/MD, LS/HD. For the first purpose, we analysed resting EGG of 144 athlets. 3(athletic type)×5(exercise stage) combined ANOVA was used for the second purpose. The results we obtained from this study were as followings : First, there appeared abnormal resting EGG patterns in athletes. Second, the majority of ECGs occurred were early repolarization(male 96.7%, female 98.0%), sinus bradycardia(male 81.7%, female 45.1%), LVH(male 52.7%, female 16.0%), IRBBB(male 37.6%, female 17.6%), sinus arrhythmia(male 21.5%, female 11.8%). 1st degree AVB was appeared in 10.8% of male and 4,0% of female athletes. Miscellaneous ECGs were RAH/LAH(male 2.2%), PAC(male 1.1%), Atrial rhythm(male 1.1%, female 2.0%), Junctional rhythm(male 1.1%), and RVH(male 1.1%). Third, Showing normal ECG responses in all the 3 groups of athletes during graded exercise, could support that pathological-like abnormal ECG occurred at rest were only due to the physiologic adaptation to the training. Forth, the fact that Sokolow-Lyon criteria was the highest in LS/HD, and lowest in HS/LD indicated ECG would read differently the type of cardiac hypertrophy due to different training stimuli.

Exercise Physiology : Exercise & Environmental Considerations

주기찬 대한스포츠의학회 1999 대한스포츠의학회 WORKSHOP - 임상운동사 ( 처방 ) 연수 - Vol.- No.-

일반 청소년의 기초 체력 향상을 위한 Interval Weight Training의 응용에 관한 연구

주기찬 師範大學 體育硏究所 1991 서울大學校 體育硏究所論集 Vol.12 No.2

The purpose of this study was to apply the I.W.T. concept to the non-athletic youths’fitness training. and to develop useful training programme model. The subjects of this study were 180 girls’ high school students and were devided into 3 groups; 60 students for experiment group (applied I.W.T. group), other 60 students for comparison group (C.W.T. group) and the resting 60 students were control group(no training group). Applied I.W.T. programme (programme A) was made from authentic I.W.T. as follows; ① instead of using 1RM, RM was used for decision of individual training load. And RM was re-tested every 3 weeks for the purpose of increasing load. ② target HR during free exercise (rope-jump) was 60% HR max to 80% HR and was increased by 5% in every 2 weeks, programme B was C.W.T. programme. After 9 weeks training (3days/week) the result was gained as follows 1) The improvement of group A statically significant by t-score in all fitness test except in 60m run-test. But the improvement of group B was statistically significant by t-score in only 4 items; sit-up, forward-flexibility, backward-flexibility and harvard step test. 2) In ANOVA and Scheffe test group A was appeared more significantly than group B in Vertical jump, skinfold summation and harvared step test. 3) The result of comparison by using percent rate(%) between group A and B in items that were not statistically significant was appeared as follows: the increase rate of group A was better than group B in hand grip strength. Back strength and sit-up. The increase rate of group B was better than A in flexibility. By the above results, such conclusion that programme A was more effective than programme B for the development of multilateral fitness was made. And also programme A was proved to be useful training model for non-athletic’ fitness development.

알파인 스키 경기의 생리학적 고찰

주기찬 서원대학교 응용과학연구소 1997 응용과학연구 Vol.6 No.1

JOO KEE CHAN, A Review : Physiological Consideration on Competitive Alpine Skiing. The Journal of Applied Science and Technology, Vol 6. NO 1. 1997. The purpose of this paper was to review international researches about alpine skiing. Our major concern was to collect valuable informationabout physiological characteristics in alpine skiing for the purpose of introducing research field of alpine skiing to our country. Even though, the research papers about alpine skiing were rare in both Korea and other countries, compare to that of nordic skiing, we could find several useful papers, from which we could make a conclusion as follow ; 1) Turning is most important skill for overcoming uneven terrain and clearing the gates. Though, it is inevitable to decelerate during turn, it is the best skill to prevent deceleration without loosing balance of body. Futhermore, this skill of alpine ski would depend on physiological, biomechanical ability of skiers and their fitness level. 2) The energy supply of alpine skiing depends on both anaerobic and high-intensity aerobic metabolism. The anaerobic ratio, however, takes greater part of whole metabolism during alpine competition. The metabolic fuel for alpine skiing is mainly muscle glycogen. So it is important to restore muscle glycogen level after severe training or competition by intaking high carbohydrate diet. 3) Muscle fiber type of alpine skiers in not quite different from that of untrained active population. Both type I and type II fiber are equally distributed, and only because this findings partly explains why alpine skiers have aerobic and anaerobic power simultaneously, further researches about this questions are required. 4) Muscles recruited during skiing are anterior tibialis, gastrocnemius, peroneus longus in lower leg, quadriceps, hamstrings, addutors, gluteus maximus in thigh, and rectus abdominis, external obliques, eretae spinae in trunk. Muscles in lower leg are recruited mainly ofr edging movement and muscles in trunk are used for continuing the balance.

운동과 심장질환

주기찬 서원대학교 미래창조연구원 1999 서원대학교 미래창조연구원 학술대회지 Vol.1999 No.11

The caloric expenditure of 1,000 Kcal per week can be a meaningful intervention for controlling coronary artery disease risk factors in older female adults

주기찬 한국보건교육건강증진학회 2015 보건교육건강증진학회지 Vol.32 No.5

Objectives: We tried to confirm physical activity of 1,000 Kcal per week was a meaningful point in controlling coronary artery disease risks in female older adults. Methods: Participants were 66 female older adults recruited from senior welfare center. Participants were provided with accelerometer (e-step, Kenz, Japan) for measuring daily energy expenditure. Graded exercise test was done for measuring aerobic fitness. Blood glucose and lipid were analyzed. Framingham risk score was calculated based on blood glucose, blood lipid, and smoking. These variables were compared between the group expended more than 1,000 Kcal/week and the group with energy expenditure below 1,000 Kcal/week. Results: The group expended over 1,000kcal/week showed to be superior to the counterpart group in following variables; AC(Abdominal Circumference), %BF, HRrest(resting heart rate), VO2peak, FBG, LDL-C, TG, BDI-II, QOL, AR(Absolute Risk), RR(Relative Risk). Conclusions: The group expended over 1,000 Kcal/week was likely to have less probability in CAD than group expended less than 1,000 Kcal/week. The result of this study suggests the important role of active daily life that can be replaced with that of regular exercise especially for those who are not available to do structured exercise.

40대 좌업성 도시 남자의 %체지방, 혈장 콜레스테롤, 고밀도 지단백, 최대산소 섭취량의 상관관계

주기찬 서원대학교 응용과학연구소 1994 응용과학연구 Vol.3 No.1

The purpose of this study was to investigated the level of % body fat, plasma total cholesterol, HDL, and maximal oxygen uptake, and their corelation in 40-aged sedentary men. The subject of this study were employees in a telegraphy & telephon office, who worked sedentarily without regular exercise. The results of this study were as follows; 1. The level of subjets'% body fat, TC, TC/HDL showed to be higher than normal range, expecxially the level of TC and TC/HDL were in border line of cardiac risk. VO₂max showed to be in normal range, The HDL level showed to be lower than ideal level. 2. The correlation between % body fat and TC, TC/HDL, HDL were shown to be 0.395, 0.35, 0.015 respectively. 3. While the correlation between TC and TC/HDL, HDL was high(r=0.765), the correlation between HDL and TC/HDL, TC and HDL were low(r=-0.356, 0.353 respectively) 4. The correlation between VO₂max and % body fat was high(r=-0.771), while the correlation between VO₂max and TC, TC/HDL showed to be low(r=-0.341, 0.107, -0.350 respectively). With the above findings, it could be concluded that, first, 40-aged sedentary person needed regular exercise for preventing cardiovascular desease, second, not all the obese persons should be thought as hyperlipidemia, and third, it was important for non-exercising person to controll cholesterol with diet.

역도선수의 대퇴사두근 및 슬와근의 편심성등속운동과 구심성 등속운동의 비교

주기찬,김재훈 대한스포츠의학회 1998 대한스포츠의학회지 Vol.16 No.1

The purpose of this study was to assess and compare eccentric(ECC) and concentric(CONC) torque output of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles in weight lifters. We analyzed the effect of gravity effect torque(GET) correction on the calculation of the hamstring/quadriceps peak torque quotient(H/Q quotient). Fifteen high-school male subjects performed maximal voluntary CONC and ECC contractions of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles at five isokinetic lever arm velocities from 60°/sec, at eight isokinetic lever arm velocities from 120°/sec. Cybex 770(A division of Lumax, New York) isokinetic dynamometer in order to know the characteristics of eccentrics isokinetic contraction parameters by comparking with concentric isokinetic parameters. Paired T-test was conducted to test the data. The conclusions are as followings ; 1) The peak torque value of ECC isokinetic contraction was higher than CONC isokinetic exercise both velocities during Flex and Ext. 2) The average power value of CONC isokinetic contraction was higher than ECC isokinetic exercise both velocities during Flew and Ext. 3) The peak torque value of CONC isokinetic contraction was lower as increased velocity during Flex and Ext. And the peak torque value of CONC isokinetic exercise was not change during Flex but raised as increased veolcity during Ext. 4) The average power value of ECC and CONC isokinetic contractions was kigher as increased velocity during Flex and Ext. 5) There was significantly statistical differences between ECC and CONC at 60°/sec, but there was not significantly statistical differences between ECC and CONC at 120°/sec in the ratio of flexor to extensor peak troque, total work and average power value of ECC.

자전거 페달링 방식이 하지근 동원양상과 대사변인에 미치는 영향+

전재완,주기찬 서원대학교 응용과학연구소 1996 응용과학연구 Vol.5 No.1

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 3 types pedaling(forward, backward, and combined types) on lower extremity muscle recruiment pattern and metabolic variables. The subject consist of 8 college male students. The bicycle ergometer used in this experiment was manufactured to be loaded in both forward and backward pedaling. Subjects were devided and assigned randomly into 3 groups(m=3, 3, 2). Each groups performed 3 types pedaling interchangeable during 3 weeks, but differently each other in performing order. Rest interval between performances was 1 week. Each type of pedaling took 20 minutes with load 2.5kp, 50rpm(750kgm, 125w). During each 3 types of exercise EMG analysis was done at the site of vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius muscle. Simultaneously expired gas was collected to calculate VO2 and R with gas analyzing system. Blood sample was taken for measuring lactate accumulation. With the VO2 and R we calculated energy consumption(kcal/min) and efficiency. For data analysis we used one-way repeated ANOVA and Duncan's test by means of SPSS/PC+ program. Statistical significance was α= .05. results of this study were as following; 1.muscle recruitment pattern in lower extremity was different between forward and backward pedaling. 2.VO2 among 3 types pedaling were not significant different. 3.energy consumption and efficiency were not significant different. 4.lactate concentration during exercise was significantly different between forward and backward pedaling, and between combined and backward pedaling. With these results, we could conclude that, combined pedaling was valuable for agonist and antagonist development simultaneously, also for delaying muscular fatigue during exercise.

최대무산소운동 후 운동회복, 사우나회복, 마사지회복이 혈중젖산농도와 무산소성 운동능력에 미치는 영향

전재완,주기찬 서원대학교 응용과학연구소 1995 응용과학연구 Vol.4 No.1

The purpose of our study was to compare, whether there was meaningful difference between exercise recovery, sauna bath, and massage as recovery means. To accomplish this purpose, we compared the effects of 3 recovery methods on lactate removal and anaerobic power after maximal anaerobic exercise. The subjects were 8 high school soccer player[16±0.5yr, 172.7±7.2cm, 64.4±6.4kg] 3 experiments were repeatedly done with those same subjects : one for exercise recovery, the 2nd for sauna boath, and the last for massage. The intervals between 3 experiments were 1 week. After 5min of warm-up subjects were performed two wingate test, followed by 25min of recovery. Heart rate of every 5 second were measured during experiments with Polar system. Blood was samped at rest, after two wingate test, every 5min during recovery and immediately analyzed with Lactate analyzer(YSI 1500L) Data are presented as mean±SE. Lactate and heart rate values obtained at rest, after 2 Wingate test, and in every 5min during recovery were compared between 3 recovery methods. Also the values obtained after 1st, 2nd, 3rd wingate test were compared between 3 methods. Oneway-ANOVA was done for comparing the values between 3 recovery methods. An α of .05 was used for throughout. The results of study were as follows; The lactate values in 10min, 15min, 20min, 25min during recovery were appeared significantly between exercise recovery and massage recovery. The decrement of lactate values in 15min, 20min, 25min after exercise were appeared significantly between exercise recovery and massage recovery. There was no statistical significance in lactate values between exercise recovery and sauna recovery . But the lactate values during recovery was the lowest and the decrement lactate values during recovery was the fastest in exercise recovery. There was no statistical significance in anaerobic power after recovery between 3 methods. With these results, we could conclude that exercise recovery was effective method for lactate removal, and that sauna bath was also meaningful method, but not the massage recovery. We could also find that, even if exercise could be started with comparatively high level of blood lactate, maximal anaerobic performance could be fully reached.