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조준형(Cho Junhyoung) 한국영화학회 2014 영화연구 Vol.0 No.59
This article is to describe the institutionalization process of culture films based on the changes of film law in 1960s-70s. It is of a relatively recent trend to study non-fiction films, which is often represented as culture films, and to value them as important historical materials. So far, most articles have cited individual culture films or a group of culture films to describe the purpose of government policy or the map of ideology. However, those articles hardly provide answers to the question ‘What is a culture film?’ This is because the term ‘culture film’ covers films in various categories and the term itself was invented for the sake of making policies. Thus, this article focuses on the fact that the ambiguous and collective concept ‘culture film’, which should have been divided into various categories such as documentary, enlightenment film, propaganda film, education film, animation, etc., was able to survive until late 1990 from Japanese colonial era due to institutional framework that was a part of the government policy. Therefore, the primary purpose of this article is to provide a base line to understand the concept of culture film by examining how the culture film was defined, particularly based on the laws and policies in the 1960s-70s. In addition, in order to understand that the concept of culture film was the result of continuous reconstruction, and not just a product solely regulated according to the intentions of policy makers, several examples are presented that show those laws were also changed by market participators’ actions utilizing the niches between the laws. This article provides several implications for identifying the dynamics between not only government administration and films, but also government administration and market, as well as for understanding the concept of culture film in the era of Park Jung-hee regime.