한국인의 시리얼 섭취실태와 우유 및 칼슘섭취와의 관련성 연구 : 2001년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

정진은(Chung Chin-Eun) 韓國營養學會 2006 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.39 No.8

연구논문 : 면(麵)류 섭취가 한국인의 식생활과 건강에 미치는 영향

정진은 ( Chin Eun Chung ),이경원 ( Kyung Won Lee ),조미숙 ( Mi Sook Cho ) 한국식생활문화학회 2010 韓國食生活文化學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

Ramyen and Korean noodles (guksu) are popular foods in Korea and around the world. Since 1998, rice consumption in Korea has gradually decreased, whereas consumption of noodles has continuously increased. The purpose of this study is to assess the consumption of ramyen and Korean noodles of Koreans, using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) of 2007. Korean adults (>20) were selected to examine the associations between noodle consumption and food and nutrient intake and health status. SAS 9.1 and SUDAAN 9.1 were used for the data analysis. 10.3% of Korean adults consumed ramyen, and 15.4% consumed Korean noodles. The consumption of ramyen and Korean noodles were higher in men than in women, in lunch than in other meals, and in the lowest income quartile than the highest quartile. Ramyen and Korean noodle consumer groups consumed more grain products, seasonings, and oils than the non-consumer group. The noodle group showed significantly lower systolic blood pressure than the non-consumer group. The noodle groups showed lower rates of hypertension and metabolic syndrome than the non-consumer group. From these results, we conclude that ramyen and Korean noodles may have positive health effects. More studies on the association between noodles and the health of Koreans and those in other countries should be done in the future.

한국인의 총당류 섭취실태와 급원식품에 대한 연구 : 2001년과 2002년도 국민건강영양조사 자료를 이용하여

정진은(Chung Chin-Eun) 韓國營養學會 2007 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.40 No.S

This study aimed to assess the total sugar intake for Korean and to identify major food sources contributing to those food components. Korean adults aged over 20 years old from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) 2001 and 2002 were selected. The data were analyzed to obtain nationally and seasonally representative in-formation on the health and nutritional status of the Korean. Forty food groups were used in identifying food sources of total sugar and energy intake. Total sugar contents of foods in the KNHANES data sets were estimated by food code matching technique with Release 18 of the USDA National Nutrient Database for Standard Reference. Sample weighted means, standard errors, and population percentages were calculated using SAS and SUDAAN. The mean total sugar intake of the Korean was 60.3 gin 2001, 40.9 g in spring 2002, 45.7 g in summer 2002, and 52.1 g in fall 2002, which were 30-44% of intake of US people. Fresh fruit was identified as the most significant food source for total sugar intake in Korean population in all age groups and all seasons. The next major food sources following fresh fruits were candy/jelly/syrup/ honey, coffee/coffee caream, vegetables, Kimchi, soft drinks, milk, fruit juice, cookie/cracker/cake, and vegetable juice/grain juice, which showed similar results through the seasons. While carbonated soft drink was the most significant food sources for total sugar or added sugar intakes for US people. The total sugar intakes were significantly higher in women, higher educational level, and residing in metropolitan area. As intake of total sugar increased, intakes of protein, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, iron, Vit A, B1, B2, C, niacin showed significantly increased, while high intakes of added sugars showed low intakes of some micronutrients in the US people. Percentages of people who consumed nutrients below EAR were less in higher total sugar intake group than in lower intake group. From these results, we can conclude that the food consumption habits including the total sugar intake of Korean people seems relatively good so far. More reliable database of total sugar and added sugar composition tables in public domain should be established in the future, and also more researches about total sugar and added sugar for Koreans should be continued. (Korean J Nutr 2007; 40 (Suppl): 9 ~ 21)

국민건강영양조사 자료의 복합표본설계효과와 통계적 추론

정진은(Chung, Chin-Eun) 한국영양학회 2012 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.45 No.6

Nutritional researchers world-wide are using large-scale sample survey methods to study nutritional health epidemiology and services utilization in general, non-clinical populations. This article provides a review of important statistical methods and software that apply to descriptive and multivariate analysis of data collected in sample surveys, such as national health and nutrition examination survey. A comparative data analysis of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) was used to illustrate analytical procedures and design effects for survey estimates of population statistics, model parameters, and test statistics. This article focused on the following points, method of approach to analyze of the sample survey data, right software tools available to perform these analyses, and correct survey analysis methods important to interpretation of survey data. It addresses the question of approaches to analysis of complex sample survey data. The latest developments in software tools for analysis of complex sample survey data are covered, and empirical examples are presented that illustrate the impact of survey sample design effects on the parameter estimates, test statistics, and significance probabilities (p values) for univariate and multivariate analyses.

한국성인과 미국성인의 영양섭취 실태 비교 연구

정진은(Chung Chin-Eun),이정숙(Lee Jung-Sug) 韓國營養學會 2005 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.38 No.10

한국 성인의 총당류 섭취와 대사증후군과의 관계 : 2001년과 2002년도 국민건강영양조사자료를 이용하여

정진은(Chung Chin-Eun) 韓國營養學會 2007 Journal of Nutrition and Health Vol.40 No.S

The purpose of this study was to establish an association between the percent of energy from total sugar and disease prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome with the context of the current population dietary practice in Korea. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2001 and 2002 dataset were used as the source of data for this research. Usual nutritional intakes for over 20 years old people were calculated from the two non-consecutive dietary intake data from KNHANES 2001 and 2002 dataset. SAS and SUDAAN were used for statistical analyses. Sample weighted means, standard errors, and population percentages were calculated, and multiple logistic regression model with adjustment for covariates were used to determine the odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Subjects were categorized as 3 ways and compared the LS means and ORs for heath factors. First, subjects excluding pregnant women, were categorized according to percent of energy from the usual total sugar intakes as s; ≤10%, 11-15%, 16-20%, 21-25%, > 25%. Risk of LDL cholesterol showed a tendency to increase in the '>25%' group compared to the '< 10%' group. The risks of the other health effects did not show any significant differences. Second, the subjects were categorized considering both Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) from carbohydrate and %Energy from total sugar as 'CHO < 55% & Total sugar ≤ 10%', 'CHO 55-70% & Total sugar 11-25%', and 'CHO ≥ 70% & Total sugar ≥ 25%'. The risk of obesity tended to increase in the 'CHO ≥ 70% & Total sugar ≥ 25%' group compared to the 'CHO < 55% & Total sugar ≤ 10%'. Third, the subjects were categorized as 'CHO < 55% & Total sugar ≤ 10%', 'CHO 55-70% & Total sugar 11-20%', and 'CHO ≥ 70% & Total sugar ≥ 20%'. The risk of obesity also tended to increase in the 'CHO ≥ 70% & Total sugar ≥ 20%' group compared to the 'CHO < 55% & Total sugar ≥ 20%' group. In conclusion, risk of LDL cholesterol showed a tendency to increase in the over 25% total sugar intake group, and the risk of obesity tended to increase in the 20-25% total sugar intake and high carbohydrate intake group. The risks of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome were not associated with total sugar intakes. More research to elucidate the association for Korean between the intakes of total sugar, added sugar, glucose, fructose, and sweeteners and diseases prevalences shoud be excuted in the future. (Korean J Nutr 2007; 40 (Suppl): 29 ~ 38)

백두옹 추출물의 치주조직 세포에 활성도 및 항염 효과에 관한 연구

정진광,정진형,임성빈,김정근,소은희,Jung, Jin-Gwang,Chung, Chin-Hyung,Lim, Sung-Bin,Kim, Jung-Keun,So, Eun-Hee 대한치주과학회 2001 Journal of Periodontal & Implant Science Vol.31 No.1

This study was performed to define the cytotoxicity and the anti-inflammatory action of Pulsatilla koreana extracts. To analyze cytotoxic effects, gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts were used, and anti-inflammatory actions related to reduction of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $PGE_2$ production were performed in vitro, for the suggestion of efficacy and safety on periodontal therapeutic use of Pulsatilla koreana extracts. We extracted ethylacetate and butylalcohol from well-dried and ground Pulsatilla koreana throughout multiple processing, then used different concentration solution(0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 0.01 %, 0.02 %, 0.04 %, 1 %, 2 %) of ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts to examine eytotoxic effects and anti-inflammatory actions Cytotoxic effects were examined by ELISA reader using MTT(Methyl Thiazol-2-YL-2, 5-diphenyl Tetrazolium bromide)solution following culture of human gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts. Synthesis of $IL-1{\beta}$was examined by $IL-1{\beta}$ enzyme-immunoassay(EIA)system after separation and culture of monocyte, and $PGE_2$ was examined by $PGE_2EIA$ system after culture of gingival fibroblasts. The results were as follows: 1. In the MTT test of gingival fibroblasts, the change of optical density was decreased significantly at 2 % of butylalcohol extracts and 0.04 %, 0.1 %, 0.2 %, 0.4 %, 1 %, 2 % of ethylacetate extracts.(p<0.05) 2. In the MTT test of periodontal ligament cells, the change of optical density were not differ significantly. but butylalcohol and ethylacetate extracts except from butylalcohol 0.01 % showed high cell cytotoxity. 3. Both ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana inhibited the synthesis of $IL-1{\beta}$and inhibition effect of ethylacetate extracts were higher than butylalcohol extracts. 4. Both ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana inhibited the synthesis of $PGE_2$, and ethylacetate extracts were higher than butylalcohol extracts. In conclusion, ethylacetate and butylalcohol extracts from Pulsatilla koreana showed little cell cytotoxity for gingival and periodontal ligament fibroblasts, and the inhibition of $IL-1{\beta}$ and $PGE_2$ sysnthesis, therefore it is considered that these extracts can be developed as the therapeutics of the periodontal disease.

[디젤엔진] 코히어런트 화염면 모델을 이용한 스트레치 층류 확산 화염의 수치 계산

정진은(Jin-Eun Chung),진영욱(Young-Wook Chin) 한국자동차공학회 1999 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

The transient process being experienced by the 1-D stretched laminar diffusion name initiated at the fuel-oxidizer interface was investigated using the coherent name sheet model. Under the diesel-engine combustion environment the results show that the time to steady state was pretty short compared to the inverse of strain rate, and hence the employment of tabulation of precalculated steady-name results in the calculation of turbulent diffusion names<br/> using the coherent name sheet model is concluded valid. Also upstream temperatures was found to have only a minor effect on the nondimensional name temperature and nondimensional fuel consumption nux even though the latter is sensitive to pressure changes.

코히어런트 화염면 모델을 이용한 스트레치 층류 확산 화염의 수치 계산

정진은(Jin-Eun Chung),진영욱(Young-Wook Chin) 한국자동차공학회 2000 한국 자동차공학회논문집 Vol.8 No.1

디젤엔진용 전자식 EGR 밸브의 성능 특성

진영욱(Chin, Young-Wook),정진은(Chung, Jin-Eun) 한국산학기술학회 2007 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.8 No.2

최근 디젤 차량의 NOx와 PM의 동시 저감을 위해 EGR 밸브와 EGR 쿨러로 구성된 modulated EGR 시스템이 디젤엔진에 장착되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 modulated EGR 시스템의 성능 평가를 위한 test bench를 설계, 제작한 후 2.0 L 디젤엔진용 전자식 EGR 밸브를 시험하였다. 또한 전자식 EGR 밸브의 성능을 밸브양정의 거동, 밸브 개폐시의 응답성, 밸브 통과 유량을 통하여 평가하였다. PWM 신호의 듀티율에 따른 밸브 양정의 거동은 비선형적이었으며, 밸브 개방과 폐쇄의 경로가 상이한 히스테리시스 현상을 나타냈다. 밸브 개방시 응답성은 통상의 기준을 만족하여 적절하였다. 끝으로 밸브 통과 유량은 듀티율 40-60%에서 듀티율과 밸브 전후의 차압에 의해 결정되나, 듀티율 60%이상에서는 차압에만 의존하였다. Lately, the modulated EGR system that includes EGR valve and EGR cooler is being installed in diesel engines for the purpose of the simultaneous reduction of NOx and PM. In this study, we designed and constructed a test bench for the performance evaluation of the modulated EGR system, and tested an electronically controlled EGR valve for 2.0 L diesel engines. The performance of the EGR valve was evaluated in terms of the valve lift behavior, the valve opening/closing response, and the mass flow rate through the valve. The valve lift with respect to the duty ratio of PWM signal was non-linear, and followed a different path for valve opening and closing, that is, hysteresis. The valve opening response was concluded satisfactory falling within the usual standard response time . For the duty ratio of 40 to 60%, the mass flow rate through the valve was observed to depend on the pressure difference across the valve as well as the duty ratio, while it solely depended on the pressure difference for the duty ratio above 60%.