나프타 분해공정 부산물인 PFO로부터 UV 조사와 AlCl₃ 촉매 첨가를 이용한 피치의 합성

정민정,고윤영,이영석,Jung, Min-Jung,Ko, Yoonyoung,Lee, Young-Seak 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.2

나프타 분해공정에서 부산물로 발생하는 분해연료오일을 이용하여 열처리 및 UV 조사 시 다양한 농도의 $AlCl_3$을 첨가하여 새로운 방법으로 탄소전구체 피치를 제조하였다. 개질된 피치는 원소 분석, 화학 구조, 분자량 분포 및 연화점을 분석하여 특성평가를 하였다. 개질된 피치의 산소 함량은 $AlCl_3$의 첨가량이 증가할수록 증가한 반면 그 탄소 및 수소 함량은 거의 변화하지 않았다. UV 조사 개질피치는 열 개질만 된 피치보다 더 많은 방향족 탄소화합물로 이루어져 있었다. $AlCl_3$ 촉매첨가는 개질된 피치의 방향족화도에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다. 제조된 피치의 연화점은 $103.3{\sim}168.9^{\circ}C$ 범위를 나타내었다. 또한 5 wt%의 $AlCl_3$를 첨가하여 UV 조사 개질된 피치의 수율은 48%에서 80%로 증가하였다. 이것을 통하여 UV 조사 개질 방법은 다양한 특성을 갖는 고수율의 피치를 제조를 위한 실용적이고 유용한 방법으로 여겨진다. The carbon precursor pitch from pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO), by-product of Naphta cracking process (NCC), was prepared through heat and UV irradiation treatments with various concentrations of $AlCl_3$, which is a new pitch preparation method. The reformed pitches were characterized by measuring their elemental composition, chemical structure of components, molecular weight distribution, and softening point. The oxygen contents of reformed pitch increased as increasing $AlCl_3$ amounts on the other hand, the carbon and hydrogen contents were not nearly changed. UV irradiated reformed pitches were composed of more aromatic carbon compounds than that of using only heat-treatment without any UV irradiation. The addition of $AlCl_3$ catalyst was ineffective on the aromaticity of reformed pitches. The softening point of prepared pitches was in the range of $103.3{\sim}168.9^{\circ}C$. Also the yield of prepared pitch increased from 48% to 80% when 5 wt% of $AlCl_3$ was added during the heat and UV irradiation reforming. It is expected that the UV irradiation reforming method can be practical and helpful to produce high yields of pitches with diverse properties.

심계 허약아 진단을 위한 절단값의 산정 ; K-CBCL 총문제행동점수를 기준으로

정민정,임정화,황보민,윤영주,김기봉,Jeong, Min-Jeong,Lim, Jung-Hwa,Hwang, Bo-Min,Yun, Young-Ju,Kim, Ki-Bong 대한한방소아과학회 2010 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.24 No.3

Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlations between the Weak Children Questionnaire result and K-CBCL score. Also, this study was designed to define the cut off values of Heart Weak Scores by using 'K-CBCL' which represents the total behavior problems scores 50T in order to detect Heart Weak in Children Methods: 271 elementary school students in Daejeon answered the questionnaire and the data was analyzed. Results: There were high correlations between Heart Weak Score and K-CBCL which in a total behavior problems scores. The cut off values of Heart Weak Score, K-CBCL, a total behavior problems scores 50T, were calculated by ROC curve analysis. To diagnose as a Heart Weak Children, the correspondent cut off values for Heart Weak Score were 11 in boys and 8 in girls. Conclusions: To diagnose as a Heart Weak in Children, the correspondent cut off values for Heart Weak Score were 11 in boys and 8 in girls.

양방치료를 받고 있는 신경계질환아동에서 한방치료 및 기타 병행치료 이용실태에 관한 조사

정민정,임정화,황보민,김기봉,윤영주,Jeong, Min-Jeong,Lim, Jung-Hwa,HwangBo, Min,Kim, Ki-Bong,Yun, Young-Ju 대한한방소아과학회 2012 대한한방소아과학회지 Vol.26 No.2

Objectives The purpose of this study is to investigate prevalence and the frequency of using Korean medicine, Complementary Alternative Medicine (CAM), and other parallel treatments in children and young adolescence with neurological diseases. Methods From April to July 2011, parents of the children and adolescents patients suffering from neurological disease completed questionnaires. Results 578 parents answered the questionnaires. 310 cases (53.5%) were using Parallel Treatments. Types of the Parallel Treatments being used are as follows. Rehabilitation 166 cases (27.4%), Speech Therapy 169 cases (27.9%), Education (Art, Music, Play) 109 cases (18.0%), Health supplement 72 cases (11.9%), Counselling, Cognitive & Behavioral Therapy 45 cases (7.4%), Herbal Medicine 24 cases (4.0%), Acupuncture, Moxibustion 13 cases (2.1%), Neurofeedback Therapy 1 case (0.2%), Etc 7 cases (1.2%). 257 cases (44.5%) have used Parallel Treatment before. Parallel Treatments being used in the past are as follows. Herbal Medicine 146 cases (35.4%), Acupuncture, Moxibustion 64 cases (15.5%), Education (Art, Music, Play) 54 cases (13.1%), Rehabilitation 47 cases (11.4%), Speech Therapy 46 cases (11.1%), Health supplement 30 cases (7.3%), Counselling? Cognitive & Behavioral Therapy 15 cases (3.6%), Neurofeedback Therapy 4 case (1.0%), Chuna, Manual Massage 2 case (0.5%), Etc 5 cases (1.2%). Conclusions Although patients were on both western medicine and Korean medicine, CAM, and other parallel treatment, the ratio of Korean medicine treatment was not as high as expected. Further studies are required to develop the model of integrative medicine.

함산소불화 활성탄소섬유를 이용한 저농도 크롬이온의 흡착 특성

김민지 ( Min Ji Kim ),정민정 ( Min Jung Jung ),최석순 ( Suk Soon Choi ),이영석 ( Young Seak Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.4

In this work, activated carbon fibers (ACFs) were oxyfluorinated and their adsorption ability for the low concentration of hexavalent chromium in an aqueous solution was investigated. The pore structure and surface properties of ACFs were examined by BET and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), respectively. Due to the oxyfluorination treatment, the content of (C-O) bond on ACFs surface which influences the adsorption capacity for heavy metal ions increased largely, resulting that Cr6+ adsorption equilibrium reached quickly within 10 min. In addition, the maximum removal efficiency at the initial Cr6+ concentration of 20 ppm was observed, which is a 100% improvement compared to that of non-treated ACFs. These results suggest that the oxyfluorination of ACFs can be applied as a good surface treatment for the effective adsorption of the low concentration of Cr6+.

Fe°/H2O2 시스템을 이용한 펜톤유사반응의 특성에 관한 기초 연구

장윤영(Yoon Young Chang),정동철(Dong Chul Chung),정민정(Min Jung Chung),최상일(Sang Il Choi) 한국물환경학회 1999 한국물환경학회지 Vol.15 No.4

Iron in Fenton`s oxidation can catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide and increase the oxidation of organics. Fenton-like oxidation of phenol was studied using hydrogen peroxide in combination with zero-valent iron substituted for ferrous iron in Fenton`s reaction. Batch tests were performed at room temperature and pressure in the absence of pH adjustment. The degradation of phenol in Fe°/H₂O₂ system was enhanced with the addition of iron powder, appearing to follow first-order reaction. And the rate constant (k`_p) of phenol degradation was remarkably increased from 0.0011 to 0.0097 min^(-1)(g/L)^(-1) by the acid treatment of the iron powder. The decomposition rate of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iron powder also showed first-order reaction with increase of iron concentration, which shows iron powder to act as a catalyst for the activation of hydrogen peroxide and owing to this for the oxidation of phenol. This study indicates that the addition of zero-valent iron instead of ferrous iron in Fenton`s reaction is a feasable alternative in the treatment of wastewater containing refractory organic pollutants.

고출력 전기이중층 캐패시터를 위한 핏치계 활성탄소섬유의 함산소불소화 처리

정민정 ( Min-jung Jung ),고윤영 ( Yoonyoung Ko ),김경훈 ( Kyung Hoon Kim ),이영석 ( Young-seak Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2017 공업화학 Vol.28 No.6

전기이중층 커패시터(electric double layer capacitor, EDLC) 전극용 핏치계 활성탄소섬유의 고출력 특성을 향상시키기 위하여 불소와 산소 혼합가스의 다양한 불소분압에 따라 함산소불소화 표면처리를 수행하였다. 함산소불소화 처리된 핏치계 활성탄소섬유는 불소 부분압이 증가함에 따라 선형적인 불소관능기의 증가를 보였고, 산소관능기는 증가하였으나 부분압에 따라 차이가 없었다. 또한 함산소불소화를 통하여 활성탄소섬유 표면의 식각 반응으로 인하여 비표면적 및 기공부피는 감소하였으나 중간기공 부피는 약 4.5배 증가하였다. 50%의 불소가스 분압으로 처리한 활성탄소섬유의 경우 5와 50 mV/s의 전압주입속도에서 비정전용량이 약 29%와 61%로 증가함을 확인하였다. 이러한 비정전용량의 향상은 함산소불소화 처리를 통한 활성탄소섬유 표면의 산소 및 불소 관능기의 도입과 중간기공의 증가에 의한 효과로 사료된다. Pitch based activated carbon fibers for electric double layer capacitor (EDLC) electrodes were treated by oxyfluorination via varying the ratio of fluorine and oxygen gases to improve high power property. As the partial pressure of fluorine increased, the oxyfluorinated activated carbon fibers showed an increase of linear fluorine functional groups. While the oxygen functional groups increased, no changes was observed with respect to the partial gas pressure. The specific surface area and pore volume decreased due to the etching reaction on the activated carbon fiber surface through oxyfluorination, but the mesopore volume increased about 4.5 times. In the case of activated carbon fibers treated with 50% of the fluorine gas partial pressure, the specific capacitance increased to about 29% and 61% at scan rates of 5 and 50 mV/s, respectively. The improvement of the specific capacitance was believed to be due to the introduction of oxygen and fluorine functional groups on the activated carbon fiber surface and the increase of mesopores through oxyfluorination.

나프타 분해공정 부산물인 PFO로부터 UV 조사와 AlCl3 촉매 첨가를 이용한 피치의 합성

정민정 ( Min Jung Jung ),고윤영 ( Yoon Young Ko ),이영석 ( Young Seak Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2015 공업화학 Vol.26 No.2

The carbon precursor pitch from pyrolyzed fuel oil (PFO), by-product of Naphta cracking process (NCC), was prepared through heat and UV irradiation treatments with various concentrations of AlCl3, which is a new pitch preparation method. The reformed pitches were characterized by measuring their elemental composition, chemical structure of components, molecular weight distribution, and softening point. The oxygen contents of reformed pitch increased as increasing AlCl3 amounts on the other hand, the carbon and hydrogen contents were not nearly changed. UV irradiated reformed pitches were composed of more aromatic carbon compounds than that of using only heat-treatment without any UV irradiation. The addition of AlCl3 catalyst was ineffective on the aromaticity of reformed pitches. The softening point of prepared pitches was in the range of 103.3∼168.9 ℃. Also the yield of prepared pitch increased from 48% to 80% when 5 wt% of AlCl3 was added during the heat and UV irradiation reforming. It is expected that the UV irradiation reforming method can be practical and helpful to produce high yields of pitches with diverse properties.

Quercetin의 인슐린 유사 성장인자-1 신호전달체계 억제 효능

정민정 ( Jung Min-jeong ),김은정 ( Kim Eun-jung ) 대구가톨릭대학교 자연과학연구소 2018 자연과학연구논문집 Vol.16 No.1

인슐린 유사 성장인자-1(insulin-like growth factor-1) 신호전달체계의 조절이상은 종양발생과 밀접한 연관이 있으며 IGF-1 신호전달체계의 억제는 암 발생을 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있음이 알려져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 부작용이 적고 안전한 천연물 유래 항암기능식품개발을 위한 노력의 일환으로 IGF-1 신호전달체계에 미치는 다양한 flavonoids의 효능을 HeLa 세포에서 분석하였고 이중 quercetin의 IGF-1 신호전달체계저해효능이 가장 뛰어남을 확인하였다. Quercetin은 농도 의존적으로 IGF-1 처리에 의해 활성화된 Akt와 S6K 인산화, 그리고 세포증식을 억제하였다. 이러한 결과는 IGF-1 신호전달체계가 quercetin의 항암효능에 대한 하나의 분자생물학적 표적임을 제시한다고 하겠다.

산 담지 전자선 조사가 피치계 탄소섬유의 표면특성에 미치는 영향

정민정 ( Min-jung Jung ),박미선 ( Mi-seon Park ),이상민 ( Sangmin Lee ),이영석 ( Young-seak Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2016 공업화학 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구에서는 피치계 탄소섬유의 표면처리를 위하여 탄소섬유를 산에 담지하여 전자선을 조사하고 각 처리 조건에 따른 탄소섬유의 표면 변화를 평가하였다. 산 담지용액은 질산과 과산화수소를 사용하였으며 전자선 조사량은 200, 400 kGy로 하였다. 과산화수소 담지보다 질산 담지가 탄소섬유 표면에 더 많은 산소관능기를 도입시켰으며, 질소관능기도 탄소섬유 표면에 도입되었다. 또한 전자선 조사량이 증가하면 탄소섬유에 도입되는 산소관능기가 증가하는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이는 과산화수소보다 질산이 전자선 조사에 의한 산화성 물질의 형성이 용이하고, 전자선 조사 에너지가 클수록 산화성 물질이 더 많이 형성되기 때문이다. 또한 질산 용액에서 전자선 조사에 의하여 생성되는 NO2 라디칼이 C-OH 관능기를 C=O 관능기로 산화시키는 반응이 주로 일어나므로 질산 담지 시 C=O 관능기의 생성이 유리한 것으로 나타났다. In this study, pitch-based carbon fibers in the acid were radiated with an electron beam to modify their surface, and surface changes were investigated according to each treatment conditions. Nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide were used as a drenched acidic solution and an electron beam dose was set to 200 and 400 kGy. The use of nitric acid introduced more oxygen functional groups on carbon fiber surfaces than that of using hydrogen peroxide, and also introduced nitrogen functional groups into the carbon fiber surface. In addition, oxygen functional groups introduced on carbon fiber surface increased as the electron beam dose increased due to the fact that the oxidizing material can be easily formed by e-beam radiation in nitric acid than the hydrogen peroxide, and also the higher energy electron beam dose can help forming more oxidizing materials. Moreover, the generation of C=O functional groups was favorable when using nitric acid because oxidizing C-OH functional groups to the C=O functional groups mainly occurred by NO2 radicals generated by the electron beam radiation in a nitric acid solution.

한국이 당사자인 ISDS 사례의 개정 한·미 FTA 「투자자와 국가간 분쟁해결제도」(ISDS)에의 시사점과 향후 대응방향

정민정(Min-jung CHUNG) 서울국제법연구원 2018 서울국제법연구 Vol.25 No.2

이 글에서는 한국이 당사자인 ISDS 사례로부터 개정 한·미 FTA의 투자자와 국가간 분쟁해결제도(Investor-State Dispute Settlement: ISDS) 조항에 대한 시사점을 도출하고 향후 한국의 과제에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. ISDS는 외국에 투자한 기업이 투자유치국의 불법·부당한 조치 등에 의하여 피해를 입었을 때, 투자유치국의 국내 법원에 의한 구제가 아닌 제3자에 의한 중재 또는 분쟁해결을 구하는 제도이다. 전세계 ISDS 청구 건수는 855건(2017년 기준)이고 미국의 ISDS 청구 건수는 166건(2018년 상반기 기준)이다. 그리고 한·미 FTA의 ISDS 채택 후 피청구국 또는 청구인의 국적이 한국인 ISDS 사건이 등장하기 시작하였다. 2018년 11월 기준으로 한국이 피청구국인 사건은 6건이고(추가로 1건 ISDS 청구 임박), 청구인의 국적이 한국인 사건은 5건이다. 최근 한·미 FTA ISDS 개정으로 ① 한국 기업에 투자한 외국인 주주의 조약 쇼핑을 예방할 수 있고, ② 한국에의 투자계획이 아닌 구체적인 투자 행위가 있는 경우에만 설립 전 투자로 인정하고 있으며, ③ 정부의 행위가 투자자의 기대에 불합치한다는 단순한 사실은 대우의 최소기준 위반이 아니며, ④ 투자자의 입증책임 부담이 명확해졌고, ISDS 등 분쟁 해결 절차에 대한 최혜국대우 조항 원용 금지를 명문화하였다는 긍정적 효과가 있다. 뿐만 아니라 한·미 FTA 개정 결과 신설된 투자챕터 부속서에는 한·미 FTA 공동위원회가 국제적인 논의 동향 등을 반영하여 ISDS 남소 방지 등 투자 챕터를 추가적으로 개선할 수 있게 하고 있다. 이와 같이 개정된 한 미 FTA ISDS가 긍정적인 효과를 거두려면 ① 한·미 FTA ISDS를 반영한 다른 BIT ISDS의 개정, ② 한·미 FTA 개정 결과 신설된 투자챕터 부속서의 절차 규정에 따른 국제사회의 논의 반영, ③ ISDS 도중 협상을 통한 분쟁종결노력, ④ ISDS에 대비한 중재인 등 전문인력 양성, ⑤ ISDS의 발생빈도가 높은 분야의 선별 및 집중과 같은 노력이 수반되어야 한다. In this article, I will draw some implications for the provisions of the Investor-State Dispute Settlement (ISDS) of the revised KORUS FTA from the ISDS cases to which the Republic of Korea (hereinafter referred to as “ROK”) is party and take a look at the future challenges of the ROK. ISDS is a system for seeking arbitration or dispute resolution by a third party other than a relief by a domestic court of an investment host country when a company which invested in a foreign country is injured by unlawful or unreasonable measures of the host country. According to the UNCTAD source, worldwide ISDS claims are 855 (as of 2017) and US ISDS claims are 166 (as of the first half of 2018). At the time of the incorporation of the ISDS into the KORUS FTA text were there two positions in conflict. In view of the inevitable and unavoidable adoption of the ISDS in relation to the United States, it was said that the ISDS was considered a system to resolve investment disputes in a neutral way and that US companies had a relatively low success rate. On the other hand, those who view the introduction of the ISDS negatively in relation to the US argued that the ISDS was advantageous for only US investors and corporations, can be a real threat to Korea"s public policy, and can lead to the loss of sovereignty. After the KORUS FTA entered into force, the ISDS case which the claimed country is the ROK and the applicant"s nationality is ROK has begun to appear. As of November 2018, there are six cases in which ROK was claimed against (one additional ISDS claim imminent), and five cases in which the applicants are Korean. Recently, the amendment of the Korea-US FTA ISDS is expected to prevent foreign investors" investment in Korean companies from shopping for a more advantageous investment treaty. Secondly, the revised KORUS FTA recognized certain contribution as pre-investment only when there is a specific and concrete investment activity, not the investment plan to Korea. Thirdly, the mere fact that the Government’s act is inconsistent with the investor"s expectations is not a violation of the minimum standard of treatment. Fourthly, the principle on evidence was reconfirmed in the revised KORUS FTA that the burden of proof about elements of a claim which foreign investors submit is definitely on the side of investors. Fifthly, there is a positive effect that the KORUS FTA has banned the use of the most-favored-nation treatment clause to take advantage of other international investment dispute resolution procedures or mechanisms. In addition, the KORUS FTA Joint Committee will be able to further improve the investment chapter as a result of the amendment of the KORUS FTA. In order for the revised KORUS FTA ISDS to have a positive effect, it is necessary to: ① revise the other BIT ISDS reflecting the advanced elements of the KORUS FTA ISDS; ② monitor the international discussion trends in the ICSID and UNCITRAL to deter the filing of frivolous claims by foreign investors; make every effort to close disputes through negotiations even after the initiation of the ISDS; ④ educate and train experts who will be arbitrators or legal defenders in preparation for future ISDS cases, and ⑤ select and concentrate on the industry sectors with high incident rate of ISDS.