넙치용 습사료의 항산화제 첨가효과

정관식(Gwan Sik JEONG),지승철(Seung Cheol Ji),안창범(Chang Bum AHN) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2003 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.12 No.-

This study was conducted to investigate supplementary effects of the antioxidant, antioxidant premix and ethoxyquin to moist pellet diet (MP). Experimental fish (average body weight, 40 g) were divided into 5 group and each group was fed with raw fish diet (diet 1), 8:2 (ratio of raw fish to commercial compound meal) MP (diet 2), 8:2MP with antioxidant premix (diet 3), 8:2MP with fresh oil and ethoxyquin (diet 4), 8:2MP with oxidized oil and ethoxyquin (diet 5) for 8 weeks. The Growth rate of fish fed diet 3 was the best (167.1%). The growth rates of diet 1, 4 and 5 (138.8%, 136.0% and 145.0%, respectively) were significantly higher than diet 1 (108.3%). Feed efficiency of fish fed diet 3, 4 and 5 (53.7~55.9%) were significantly higher than diet 1 and 2 (45.6% and 49.0%, respectively). Crude protein and lipid contents of whole body fed the diet 3, 4 and 5 higher than those of diet 1 and 2. Also, these diet groups had higher hepatosomatic index (HSI), visceralsomatic index (VSI) and condition factor (CF) than the other diet groups.

넙치, Paralichthys olivaceus용 습사료의 적정 지질 첨가량

정관식(Gwan Sik JEONG),지승철(Seung Cheol Ji) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2003 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.12 No.-

A feeding experiment was performed for 8 weeks by experimental feed, in which fish oil was added as lipid source and energy to protein ratio (E/P) was adjusted, to investigate proper E/P of moist pellet (MP) diet for olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. For addition of fish oil in the MP diet, non-added group as control, 3, 6, 9, and 12% added group were set up. E/P was increased in proportion to the added amount of fish oil in the range of 8.7~11.8. Growth rates of each group were 121.9%, 135.2%, 141.9%, 175.0%, and 165.7%, and significantly higher in the more than 6% of fish oil added groups (P<0.05). However, the 12% added group showed decrease in feed efficiency and growth rate compared to the 9% added group. Daily feed intake of each group were 2.21%, 2.28%, 2.42%, 2.72% and 2.79%, and significantly higher in the fish oil added groups (P<0.05). Protein efficiency ratio was significantly increased in all the groups added with fish oil, compared to the control group. As result of analysis on the body composition of olive flounder, there was no significant difference in moisture, crude protein and crude ash (P>0.05), however, crude lipid and hepatic lipid content of them showed significantly high values in the fish oil added groups (P<0.05). As result of this experiment, it is judged that optimal E/P ratio of MP diet was 10.1~10.3, and optimal addition level of fish oil to MP diet was 6~9%.

습사료에 비타민 C와 E 첨가가 넙치 치어의 성장과 체성분에 미치는 영향

정관식 ( Gwan Sik Jeong ),지승철 ( Seung Cheol Ji ),안창범 ( Chang Bum Ahn ),신태선 ( Tae Sun Shin ),유진형 ( Jin Hyong Yoo ) 한국수산과학회 2003 한국수산과학회지 Vol.36 No.2

N/A This study was conducted to investigate the supplementary effects of vitamin C and E to moist pellet on growth and body composition in juvenile olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Four groups of diet made : moist pellet (MP) diet group was used as the control group where the ratio of raw feed and commercial compound meal is 5:5 (CP 30%, CL 17%), vitamin C added group (VC), vitamin E added group (VE) and vitamin C and E added group (VCE). The supplementary amount of vitamin C and E corresponded to 1000 mg/kg (dry wt.) and 220 mg/kg (dry wt.), respectively. Vitamin C was destroyed 50% and vitamin E was destroyed 20% for manufacturing process. After 8 weeks feeding trial, weight gain was 121.9% in MP group, while it ranged from 180.5 to 184.9% in the VC, VE and VCE group. Feed efficiency was 71.6% in MP group, whereas it ranged from 78.7 to 80.6% in the VC, VE and VCE group, weight gain and feed efficiency of fish fed vitamin supplemented diets were significantly higher than control group and no significant difference among the vitamin added groups was observed (p>0.05). There were no significant differences in moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index(HSI), and visceraweight index (VWI) of body composition. Hemoglobin (Hb) was 3.79% in MP group, whereas 4.99% in VC group, 4.55% in VE group and 5.07% in VCE group; Hb was significantly higher in the vitamin added groups than the control group (p<0.05). Vitamin C retention in liver was 18.1, 20.7, 46.6, 54.0 mg/kg in MP, VE, VC and VCE groups, respectively. Vitamin E retention in liver was 25.9, 53.8, 88.2, 124.5 mg/kg in MP, VC, VE and VCE groups, respectively. These results indicate that supplementation of vitamin C and E to moist pellet diet significantly improved growth and feed efficiency of ollive flounder, and the mixed addition of vitamin C (1,000 mg/kg dry wt.) and vitamin E (220 mg/kg dry wt.) did not lead to the synergy effect.

넙치 인공종묘생산에 있어 막분리 여과 시스템을 이용한 수질환경의 개선

정관식 ( Gwan Sik Jeong ),안창범 ( Chang Bum Ahn ),오명주 ( Myung Joo Oh ),지승철 ( Seung Cheol Ji ),유진형 ( Jin Hyung Yoo ) 한국수산과학회 2002 한국수산과학회지 Vol.35 No.6

막분리여과 시스템을 이용한 수질환경의 조절과 인공종묘생산 어류의 성장에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 사육수의 수질분석, 세균상 조사 및 자어의 성장률 등을 조사하여 비교하였다. 실험구는 고압모래여과기구 (SFS)와 막분리여과시스템구 (UFS)을 두었으며, 수질에 대해서는 pH, 염분도, DO, SS, COD, NH_4^+, NO_2^-, NO_3^-, DIN, DIP를 분석하였다. 대부분의 분석항목에서는 SFS구와 UFS구에서 큰 차이가 없었으나, 염분도는 SFS구 33.5%, UFS구와 30.2%이었으며, SS는 SFS구 15.5mL/L, 7.0mL/L으로써 염분도와 SS에 대해서는 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 세균상 및 총균수의 변동에서 자연해수의 6×10^5 CFU/mL은 SFS구에서 약 1/6의 비율로 낮아지고 9일째 이후 총균수와 Vibrio 속이 급격히 증가하고 Acinetobacter속 및 Micrococcus속 세균이 급증하기 시작하였으나, UFS구에서는 Alteromonas속 세균의 일부가 남아있는 것 이외에 실험기간 중 안정적인 세균상을 유지하였다. 성장률은 SFS구가 전장 17.0mm (SGR 14.0)이었으며, UFS구가 18.8mm (SGR 14.3)로서 유의적으로 높은 성장을 나타내었다. 막분리여과시스템을 이용하여 무균해수를 종묘생산장에 공급하는 것은 수질환경의 안정과 제균효과에 의해 세균의 증식이 억제되므로 자치어의 사육환경이 안정적으로 유지되어 질 수 있는 것으로 판단된다. Water quality, bacterial phase and fish growth rate were analyzed in the process of artificial seed production of flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) larvae to investigate the water quality in rearing tank using Ultra Filtration System (UFS), Sand Filtration System (SFS) and Ultra Filtration System (UFS) were set up in the experimental group. For the analysis of water quality, pH, salinity, DO, SS, COD, NH_4^+, NO_2^-, NO_3^-, DIN (dissolved inorganic nitrogen) and DIP (dissolved inorganic phosphate) were measured. There was no data difference between SFS group and UFS group in most analysis items, but the UFS group showed low salinity and low SS values, such that salinity was 33.5% in SFS group and 30.2% in UFS group and SS was 15.5 mL/L in SFS group and 7.0 mL/L for UFS group. For changes in bacterial phase and TBC (total bacterial counts), in SFS group, 6×10^5 CFU/mL in seawater decreased to the ratio of about 1/6, and TBC, Genus Vibrio and bacterial in the Genus Acinetobacter and Genus Micrococcus sharply increased after nine days, while stable bacterial phase was maintained low in UFS group during the experiment except for Genus Alteromonas. It is concluded that when water is supplied for artificial seed production with UFS, stabilization of water quality condition and inhibition of bacterial multiplication are possible. When production environment becomes stable, stable growth of fish becomes possible by reduction of environmental stress.

넙치용 습사료에 있어서 생사료와 분말배합사료의 적정 혼합비

지승철(Seung-Cheol Ji),정관식(Gwan-Sik Jeong),유진형(Jin-Hyung Yoo) 한국수산과학회 양식분과 2003 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.16 No.3

외해가두리용 황동망과 섬유망에서의 참돔(Pagrus major) 생산성 비교연구

윤창호(Chang-Ho YUN),정관식(Gwan-Sik JEONG) 한국수산해양교육학회 2021 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.33 No.6

아쿠아포닉스의 국내 도입가능성에 관한 연구

하헌주(Heon-Ju HA),정관식(Gwan-Sik JEONG) 한국수산해양교육학회 2017 水産海洋敎育硏究 Vol.29 No.4

점농어 실용 배합사료 개발을 위한 적정 단백질 요구량 설정

정성욱(Seong Ouek JEONG),지승철(Seung Cheol Ji),주용석(Yeoung Seok Ju),강종순(Jong Soon KANG),정관식(Gwan Sik JEONG) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2003 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.12 No.-

The 10-week feeding trial was conducted to determine the optimum dietary protein level of spotted sea bass (Lateolarbrax maculatus). Two replicate groups of fish initially averaging body weight 7.7g were fed the five commercial extruded pellet diets containing different protein level from 30, 40, 45, 50 and Taiwan product 50% (50T). Weight gain was the highest in the 50T group, and the lowest in the 30% protein level. Feed efficiency tended to increase with increase of dietary protein level, but decreased in 50% group. Protein efficiency ratio was decreased with increase of dietary protein level, but there were no significantly difference among experimental groups. There were no significantly difference among experimental groups in whole body moisture, crude protein, crude lipid and crude ash contents. Hepatosomatic index (HSI) and visceralsomatic index (VSI) of the fish fed 50T was significantly higher than the others groups. But there were no significantly differences among experimental groups in condition factor. For gastric evacuation rate (PER), all feed were emptied from the stomach and intestine in the 50T group on the 24th hours. Posterior intestine feed were not emptied in the 30% group, and little feed remained from stomach and intestine in 45% group on the 24th hours. But much feed were not emptied from stomach and intestine in 40% and 50% group on the 24th hours. Results from this study suggest that a 45% protein level could be recommended for the optimum protein level of juvenile spotted sea bass, Lateolabrax maculatus.

참다랑어(Thunnus orientalis) 치어에 있어서 전갱이(Trachrus japonicus) 근육 엑기스 중의 섭이촉진물질 검색

지승철,타카오카오사무,세오카마나부,코오바라준,호소카와히테츠요,시메노사다오,정관식,이시우,타키이켄지,Ji, Seung-Cheol,Takaoka, Osamu,Seoka, Manabu,Kohbara, Jun,Hosokawa, Hidetuyo,Shimeno, Sadao,Jeong, Gwan-Sik,Lee, Si-Woo,Takii, Kenji 한국양식학회 2007 韓國養殖學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

참다랑어(Thunnus orientalis)의 배합사료 개발을 위해 전갱이(Trachrus japonicus) 근육 합성 엑기스(SE)를 사용하여 omission test를 통해 섭이촉진물질을 검색하였다. 인공종묘 생산된 참다랑어 치어(평균체중 $9.0{\pm}0.91\;g$: 실험 1, 2, 3; $1.6{\pm}0.23\;g$: 실험 4)를 사용하여 전갱이 근육 100 g 상당 함량의 각각의 섭이촉진 물질을 카제인 기초 사료에 첨가하여 총 4회의 사육실험을 실시하였다. 실험 1에서 인공합성엑기스(SE)와 SE로부터 아미노산 관련 화합물(SE-A), 핵산관련물질(SE-N) 그리고 유기염기화합물(SE-O)을 각각 제외한 시험액을 제조하여 천연 전갱이 근육 엑기스(NE)와 비교한 결과, SE-A와 SE-N구는 SE보다 낮은 섭이활성을 보였으나, SE-O구는 SE와 유사한 섭이활성을 보였다. 실험 2에서는 IMP가 섭이 촉진에 가장 많은 영향을 미치는 것이 인정되었으며, 실험 3에서는 L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-lysine, taurine 그리고 IMP의 혼합물이 SE와 섭이활성의 차이를 보이지 않았다. 실험 4에서는 L-histidine, L-glutamine 그리고 IMP 혼합물이 가장 높은 섭이활성을 보였으며, 그 다음으로는 SE, L-lysine, L-alanine and IMP 혼합물, L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine and L-alanine과 IMP의 혼합물이 높은 섭이활성을 보였다. 본 연구결과 참다랑어 치어의 유효 섭이촉진물질은 L-histidine, L-glutamic acid 그리고 IMP로 판단되었다. For establishing a basal diet for the Pacific bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis (PBT), feeding stimulants were initially identified by omission test using the synthetic extract of horse mackerel, Trachurus japonicus. Four feeding trials were conducted using juvenile PBT weighing $9.0{\pm}0.91\;g$ (trial 1, 2 and 3) and $1.6{\pm}0.23\;g$ (trial 4), which were originated from an artificial seedling production. The fish fed the casein diet with each test solution were added at the ratio of 100 g casein diet to 100 g jack mackerel muscle. A complete synthetic extract of jack mackerel containing all 3 fractions, amino acid, nucleotide and organic nitrogenous base, exhibited a comparable feeding stimulant activity compared to that of natural extract. The omission of nucleotide or amino acid fraction showed lower feeding activity, but the omission of other nitrogenous fraction maintained a similar feeding stimulant activity compared to that of the synthetic extract (trial 1). Inosine-5' monophosphate $Na_2$ (IMP) was identified as a major constituent for maintaining feeding activity. The mixture of L-alanine, L-glutamic acid, L-histidine, L-lysine, taurine and IMP induced a similar feeding activity compared to that of the synthetic extract (trial 2 and 3). In trial 4, the highest feeding activity was finally obtained in the mixture of L-histidine, L-glutamine and IMP, followed by the synthetic extract, the mixture of L-lysine, L-alanine and IMP, IMP and the mixture of L-histidine, L-glutamic acid, L-lysine and L-alanine. These results revealed that the mixture of L-histidine, L-glutamic acid and IMP for the proper feeding stimulant of PBT in this study.

치어기 조피볼락 Sebastes schlegeli의 사료내 어분 대체 단백원으로서 식품 부산물 난황분의 이용성

이시우(Si Woo LEE),김종창(Jong Chang KIM),황재호(Jae Ho HWANG),정관식(Gwan Sik JEONG) 전남대학교 수산과학연구소 2008 수산과학연구소논문집 Vol.17 No.2

본 연구는 부산물 난황분의 양어사료원으로 이용가능성을 평가하고자 영양학적 특징과 이를 첨가한 사료를 조피볼락 Sebastes schlegeli에 급이하여 성장 및 체조성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 부산물 난황분은 (주)두산 익산 공장에서 식품제조, 가공 공정처리 후 생성되는 부산물 난황분(waste egg york powder, WEYP)을 사용하였으며, 북양어분(white fish meal, WFM)과 갈색어분(brown fish meal, BFM), 대두박(Soybean meal, SBM)의 조성성분을 비교하였다. 실험사료는 상업용 조피볼락 사료 Curde protein (CP) 46%를 기준으로 하였으며 WEYP는 사료의 0, 5, 10, 15, 20%로 첨가하여 각각 WEYP0, WEYP5, WEYP10, WEYP15, WEYP20으로 총 5개의 실험구를 설정하여 6주간 사육하였다. WEYP는 CP가 WFM과 BFM보다 낮았으나, SBM보다는 높게 나타났다. Crude lipid (CL)에서는 WEYP가 WFM, BFM, SBM보다 월등히 높은 값을 나타내었다. 아미노산에서는 WEYP의 Essential amino acid (EAA)가 WFM, BFM, SBM보다 낮았으며, WEYP의 n-6 highly unsaturated fatty acid(HUFA)에서는 다른 사료원보다 월등히 높은 값을 나타내었고, n-3 HUFA는 SBM을 제외하고 낮은 값을 나타내었다. 성장률(SGR), 사료효율(FE)과 단백질 효율(PE), 비만도(CF), 간중량지수(HSI)에서는 유의적인 차이는 보이질 않았으나(P>0.05), WEYP10%가 대조구와 가장 근접한 값을 나타내었다. Ht에서는 각 실험구 모두 대조구와는 유의적인 차이를 나타내었으나 (P<0.05). Hb에서는 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다(P>0.05). 등근육의 일반성분에서 수분은 WEYP 첨가구가 대조구보다 유의적으로 높았으며(P<0.05), CP에서는 대조구가 WEYP 첨가구보다 높았으나, 5, 10% 첨가구와는 유의적인 차이는 나타내지 않았으며(P>0.05), 15, 20% 첨가구는 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). CL에서는 WEYP5, WEYP10구가 유의적으로 높았으며, WEYP15, WEYP20은 유의적으로 낮은 값을 나타내었다(P<0.05). Ash에서는 WEYP15만 대조구와 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 지방산에서는 n-3 HUFA가 대조구보다 높은 값을 나타내었으며, n-6 HUFA에서는 모든 WEYP구가 대조구보다 높았다. n-3/n-6에서는 대조구가 WEYP구보다 높은 값을 나타내었다. 따라서 부산물 난황분은 단백질함량이 높고, 또한 조피볼락 치어에 첨가하였을 때 어분과 가장 근접한 성장효과를 나타내어 어분 대체단백원으로 이용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었으나, 난황분의 단독첨가가 아닌 보충될 수 있는 영양소를 함께 혼합하여야 할 것이다. The present study was investigated to evaluate the utilization of egg yolk by product on the growth and body composition of Juvenile black rockfish Sebstes schlegeli. The wastes egg yolk powder(WEYP) was obtaind from Dusan factory in ik-san, korea. The nutritional composition of WEYP was compard with those of white fish meal(WFM), brown fish meal(BFM), and soybean meal (SBM). Based on 46% as a curde protein(CP) in the commercial diet for black rockfish, WEYP0, WEYP5, WEYP10, WEYP15 and WEYP20 were designated by adding 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% WEYP, respectively. The feeding experiment was conducted for 6 weeks. CP in WEYP was lower than those of WFM and BFM, but higher than that of SBM. Crude lipid(CL) in WEYP was significantly higher than those of WFM, BFM, and SBM. In amino acid composition, essential amino acid(EAA) in WEYP showed lower level than those of WFM, BFM, and SBM. In fatty acid composition, n-6 fatty acids group in WEYP was higher than that of other experimental groups, and n-3 fatty acids group showed low level except for SBM. There was no significant difference observed in specific growth rate(SGR) and protein efficiency(PE), condition factor(CF), hepatosomatic index(HSI) and feed efficiency( FE)(P>0.05), while those in WEYP10 showed the most similar to those of control. Hematocrit(Ht) in control revealed the significant difference to the all groups (P<0.05), but no significant difference in hemoglobin(Hb)(P>0.05). In nutritional composition in dorsal muscle, water content in the group of WEYP was significant higher than that of the control group. CP in control showed higher than that of WEYP group while there was no significant difference observed in WEYP5 and WEYP10 (P<0.05), but significantly lower in WEYP15, and WEYP20 (P<0.05). As for CL, WEYP5 and WEYP10 was significantly high and WEYP15 and WEYP 20 significantly low (P<0.05). Ash in only WEYP15 group showed significant difference to the control group (P<0.05). In fatty acid composition n-3 HUFAs was higher than that of control. n-6 HUFA in all WEYP groups was higher than that of control, but n-3/n-6 ratio in the control group showed higher level than those of WEYP groups. Egg yolk powder used in this study includes high protein level and the egg yolk powder showed the most similar effect with that of fish meal. The egg yolk powder, is recommend as an alternative protein source in fish diet, but with nutrients, because of lack of nutritional shortage such as EAA, n-3 HUFA.