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해방기(1945-1948) 주요 정치집단과 미군정의 의료보장체계 구상
전예목,신영전 대한의사학회 2022 醫史學 Vol.31 No.1
The liberation period in Korea was when creative imagination and various debates existed about plans for political, economic, and social systems. Among them was the debate over the national health security underlying the social safety net. Although the US influenced the Korean health security after liberation, major political groups on the Korean peninsula also expressed various opinions. However, previous studies have shown little interest in national health security, which operates the public health and medical care systems. To overcome these limitations, this study focuses on the ideas on national health security presented by major political groups, analyzing the reply proposal of “Jŏnpyŏng” and the health care proposal of the US military government, which has not been reviewed before. The opinions of major political groups including the right-wing Im-hyŏp and left-wing Min-chŏn diverged on national health security issue regarding insurance coverage, measures to secure financial resources, items of insurance benefits, and measures to stabilize the supply and demand of medical personnel. The claims of the US military government can be understood by “Labor Problems and Policies in Korea (Korean Subcommittee),” “Korean Labor Report (Stewart Meacham),” and “Proposed Political Platform Provisional Korean Democratic Government (Sub-commission #2).” The major political groups and the US military government agreed on the need for social protection against death, old age, disability, disease, injury, and unemployment. All of them claimed national health security, in which the roles of the private sector and the government were mixed, should be gradually introduced. The major political groups, in particular, proposed to (1) set workers as beneficiaries of insurance, (2) share financial resources jointly among the state, employers, and workers, and (3) promote the expansion of the number of doctors and medical institutions and prefer cooperative operations of the hospitals established in small administrative units. This paper argues that the ideas on national health security during the liberation period did not completely deviate from the global trend immediately after World War II when countries tried to expand the number of people covered by national health security and strengthen its coverage. Although these ideas were not fully reflected in the Constitution of 1948, it is significant in that the Constitution codified for the first time the state’s responsibility for those who have no ability for living due to their health conditions.
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전예목(Jeon, Ye-mok) 국방부 군사편찬연구소 2021 군사 Vol.- No.120
This article aims to examine a series of events when North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union raised the allegation of "biological warfare" against the US and allies, and its inner story by comparing and analyzing documents, letters, memoirs recorded in Korea, China, Britain, the Soviet Union, and the US during the Korean War. This article consists of two parts. The first part examines the process of raising the allegations mainly from 1951 to 1952. The allegations of biological warfare by the US. were first raised on May 8, 1951, when Park Heon-young, a foreign minister of North Korea, issued a statement charging the US of using biological weapons but there were no ensuing allegations after that time. In 1952, the large scale propaganda of the ‘biological warfare’ allegations occurred in cooperation with North Korea, China, and the Soviet Union. Three investigation teams were, supported by those countries, also established. The second one looks into ‘evidence’ provided by communist countries was highly likely to be fabricated. This fabrication was attested to in the memoir of a head of the Chinese Army"s sanitary department, Wu Zhi-ri, as also was reaffirmed in documents of the Soviet Union, implying that the origin of allegations was from China. This, however, does not necessarily mean that the allegations were entirely manipulated. China and the Soviet Union used the allegations of "biological warfare" for the benefit of their countries. China appeared to use the allegation to gain military and medical supports from the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union intended to prolong the Korean War through the allegation in order to learn the information of US military and to lessen the possibility of World War III by draining US military power in Asia.
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