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John Steinbeck의 American Dream
전실근 신한영미어문학회 1994 새한영어영문학 Vol.31 No.-
John Steinbeck published several volumes of fiction, each as different from each other as all are different from the writings of most novelists. He employed a variety of techniques to describe an assortment of characters; pirates, farmers, and migrants who appeared successively in romantic, realistic, mystical, mock-heroic, dramatic, psychological, and sociological novels. But beneath this apparent variety, Steinbeck was astonishingly consistent. A single purpose directed his experimentation, a single idea guided his literary thought. Always his fiction described the interplay of dream and reality. His thought followed the development of the American dream. In this paper the theme of the American dream is researched through his novels, and The Grapes of Wrath is concentrated on more specically than any other novels. The Grapes of Wrath is too large a novel to be described briefly. In it the many skeins of Steinbeck's thought are woven into new patterns. In this paper I have to touch on mythology, which is not only a popular subject in literary criticism, but has a particular relevance to Steinbeck studies in order to reach the theme of the American dream from his writings. This paper will show that traditional myths and legends have much to do with the form and content of Steinbeck's fiction. True enough, Biblical and Athurian themes predominate in his work, but Greek mythology is by no means absent. In The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck made Tom Joad lead a new westward migration. He rediscovers America and recognizes that this land is not being used nor its opportunities kept open. He becomes a leader of the new pioneers, spiritually as well as physically. In the strange character of Jim Casy, the old dream finds new expression. For this ex-preacher, who has abandoned the old forms in order to see the desires of men as they are, dominates the story. As a spiritual leader Jim Casy preaches a Jesus-type love for human beings who are suffering in human agony. This idea of Casy's dream succeeds to Tom, the oldest son of the Joads, who transfers it to the rest of the Joad family. Although Jim Casy seems similar to the Joads to Jesus Christ as a spiritual leader, Casy's image does not correspond to Jesus'. Jim Casy shares in the experiences of his people and develops from them. And unlike the earlier idealists, he acts with his people. From him Tom Joad learns, both through words and through deeds. Whem Casy dies, Tom gives expression to his dream, and he continues to act upon it. And if Tom Joad dies, it will not matter, for the dream will live. His soul will become the soul of America, struggling for freedom. His soul goes marching on. The dream continues.
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