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Spatial Analysis of the Urban Heat Island Using a 3-D City Model
전범석,장-미셀 굴드만,Chun, Bum-Seok,Guldmann, Jean-Michel Korea Spatial Information Society 2012 한국공간정보학회지 Vol.20 No.4
도시열섬 현상은 도심지의 가장 큰 환경문제로 대두되고 있으며, 이는 온도상승, 대기오염, 에너지 수요에 영향을 준다. 이러한 열섬현상에 대하여 많은 건물과 복잡한 공간적/입체적 패턴을 가진 지역의 경우에는 3차원 분석이 전적으로 수행되어야 한다. 본 연구는 2차원자료와 3차원 공간자료를 이용하여 도시열섬 인자를 파악함에 있다. 또한 공간 통계기법을 이용하여 열섬인자들의 공간적 영향력을 추출한다. 따라서, 도시온도의 예측, 3차원 모델의 생성, 도시인자의 추출, 일반회귀모형과 공간회귀모형의 구축을 통하여 본 연구를 수행한다. 결과적으로 3차원 도시인자와 인접한 공간영향력들이 도시열섬 현상에 미치는 효과는 크다는 것을 확인할 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 도시온도 저감을 위한 정책수립에 방향을 효과적으로 제시할 수 있을 것이다. There is no doubt that the urban heat island (UHI) is a mounting problem in built-up environments, due to energy retention by the surface materials of dense buildings, leading to increased temperatures, air pollution, and energy consumption. To investigate the UHI, three-dimensional (3-D) information is necessary to analyze complex sites, including dense building clusters. In this research, 3-D building geometry information is combined with two-dimensional (2-D) urban surface information to examine the relationship between urban characteristics and temperature. In addition, this research introduces spatial regression models to account for the spatial spillover effects of urban temperatures, and includes the following steps: (a) estimating urban temperatures, (b) developing a 3-D city model, (c) generating urban parameters, and (d) conducting statistical analyses using both Ordinary Least-Squares (OLS) and Spatial Regression Models. The results demonstrate that 3-D urban characteristics greatly affect temperatures and that neighborhood effects are critical in explaining temperature variations. Finally, the implications of the results are discussed, providing guidelines for policies to reduce the UHI.
류훈재(Hunjae Ryu),전범석(Bum Seok Chun),박인권(In Kwon Park),장서일(Seo Il Chang) 한국소음진동공학회 2014 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.10
Road traffic noise is closely related with urban forms and urban components, such as population, building, traffic and land-use, etc. Hence, it is possible to minimize the noise exposure problem depending on how to plan new town or urban planning alteration. This paper provides ways to apply for urban planning in consideration of noise through exposed noise estimation for urban planning alteration. Spatial autoregressive model which explains about 81.4% of road traffic noise from the former paper is used. The simulation results by the spatial statistical model are compared with those by the engineering program-based modeling for 5 small-scaled scenarios of urban planning alteration. The error from the limitation of containing informations inside the grid cell and the difficulties of reflecting acoustic phenomena is existed. Nevertheless, in the stage of preliminary design, the use of the statistical models that have been estimated well is useful in time and economically.
도로교통소음과 대기질 및 도시 형태간의 관계 파악을 위한 방법론 고찰
류훈재(Hunjae Ryu),김윤희(Yunhee Kim),전범석(Bum Seok Chun),박인권(In Kwon Park),장서일(Seo Il Chang) 한국소음진동공학회 2015 한국소음진동공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.4
In urban areas, continuous monitoring and management of urban environmental noise and air quality are increasingly important for people’s health impact and well-being. Especially, the road traffic, which is one major indicator of urban forms such as population, building, transportation and land-use, etc., is the same emission source of urban noise and air quality. Furthermore it is required to figure out integrated relationship because the road traffic and other urban form indicators are interrelated. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship among road traffic noise, air quality and urban forms, and to provide and consider the methodology. Fulton County in Georgia state of USA, where is the principal county of the Atlanta metropolitan area, is selected for this study. First, the noise level exposed to residents and the concentration of PM2.5 are calculated as dependent variables. Second, the representative values for noise level, the concentration of PM2.5 and urban form indicators are averaged over grid cells of 200×200m for Fulton County. And then, the relationship between noise and urban forms, and the relationship between air quality and urban forms are respectively estimated by spatial statistical model. In addition, the integrated relationship among them is analyzed by seemingly unrelated regression model. This well-estimated model could be useful for preliminary urban planning and sustainable environmental management, and it could make it possible to design integrated and systematic planning.