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서혜경(Seo Hye-Gyung),적문스님(토론자) 비교민속학회 2003 비교민속학 Vol.24 No.-
The Sutras emphasizes the importance of meal by stating that all of the wisdom do not exist without food. The purpose of practice of buddhism is enlightenment. To attain enlightenment one has to practice very hard. To practice very hard one has to maintain good health. To maintain good health one has to eat properly. Any food obtained by religious mendicancy is allowed in the buddhism of small vehicle, but in the buddhism of large vehicle all the animal foods except milk, alcoholic drinks and five vegetables of special incense are not allowed. The reason why all animal food except milk are prohibited is that those animal food cut off the seed of mercy in human mind. The reason why alcoholic drinks are prohibited is that alcoholic drinks are sources of all wrong doings and cut off the seed of wisdom The reason behind prohibition of five vegetables of special incense is that boiled those vegetables raise sexual appetite and raw those vegetables increases anger in human mind. The method of obtaining food in the buddhism of small vehicle is either religious mendicancy or offering by buddhists. But in the buddhism of large vehicle food culture of buddhism has been developed in accordance with foodstuff self-sufficiency. In the early stage of buddhism only one meal was eaten during daytime but not in the afternoon. Nowadays in almost all temples in Korea three meals are taken. Food should possess three virtues of the hardness and softness, cleanliness and observance of Buddha's teaching. Also in the preparation of food one has to be delightful, merciful and broadminded. Offering food in buddhism terms means meal in ordinary sense and to offer food carries the same meaning as to eat meal. A set of four bowls used by buddhist monk in meal is called Baroo. Baroo-Gongyang, which literally means eating meals using Baroo, is carried out according to the given rules. There are several etiquettes during Baroo-Gongyang. Intention of Baroo-Gongyang can be summarized as equality, cleanliness, thrift, collaboration and blessing.
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