同位元素法에 依한 赤血球壽命의 決定에 關하여

張泰燁,金舜敬,南基鏞 서울의대 1960 서울의대잡지 Vol.1 No.2

영어의 텍스트 유형에 따른 음소분포에 관한 연구

장태엽 한국외국어대학교 외국어 종합연구센터 언어연구소 2003 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.31

English texts of four different types(News interview, TV soap, Animation film, & Newspaper article) are analysed to examine whether their word and phoneme distribution differs depending upon each text type. The data are collected from publically available internet resources. Two stages of pre-processing have been conducted: text-processing and letter-to-phoneme conversion. In the first stage, each type of texts is converted into the format in which all the expressions of numbers and symbols are represented with the plain spelled out vocabulary items. In the second stage, all the words are converted into the relevant phonemes. A pronunciation dictionary and supplementary rules are employed for automatic conversion of texts. The results show that there are notable differences of word frequency between texts of different types. In terms of phoneme distribution, however, no considerable characteristics for each type has been found although some general characteristics for all the types have been observed.

운율의 이용과 음성인식

장태엽 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2001 언어와 언어학 Vol.28 No.-

한국인 영어학습자의 영어음성 데이터베이스 구축에 관한 연구

장태엽 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2005 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.35

The purpose of this study is to construct a database of English utterances spoken by Korean learners, focusing on capturing their incorrect pronunciation patterns. Three major steps are described in this paper. First, frequent pronunciation errors produced by Korean learners of English are analysed. This procedure plays a key role in the database construction as the recording script is supposed to consist of error-prone English words and sentences which are extracted based on that analysis. Second, the way the recording script is prepared by combining those words into sentences will be described. To avoid the reading difficulties by low proficiency level students sentences with rather simple structures are created or extracted from various text sources in print or online. Third, digital recording is conducted. Five American English native speakers and more than twenty adults in one of three proficiency levels are asked to participate in the recording. As for the final step, all data are tokenised by sentence units so that they can be directly used for experimentation with any speech analysis tools. The database is expected to be effectively used for understanding tendency of Korean speakers' English pronunciation errors, diagnosing each speaker's proficiency level and, ultimately, improving his/her English pronunciation.

영어의 텍스트 유형에 따른 음소분포에 관한 연구

장태엽 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2003 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.31

Rhythm Metrics of Spoken Korean

장태엽 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2009 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.46

In this paper, the rhythm characteristics of spoken Korean are investigated. Instead of conventional methods in which rhythm events are examined by researchers' impressionistic judgments and interpretation, calculation of numerical measures are performed so that a large amount of data tokens can be processed. Besides, the technique of automatic speech recognition (ASR) is adopted for the purpose of future application of measured values into practical systems. Results show that some metrics are useful for characterizing the rhythm structure of Korean utterances as compared to that of other languages, especially those traditionally classified as stress-based language. It is also discussed whether the conventional dichotomy of rhythm classification is valid and plausible. In this paper, the rhythm characteristics of spoken Korean are investigated. Instead of conventional methods in which rhythm events are examined by researchers' impressionistic judgments and interpretation, calculation of numerical measures are performed so that a large amount of data tokens can be processed. Besides, the technique of automatic speech recognition (ASR) is adopted for the purpose of future application of measured values into practical systems. Results show that some metrics are useful for characterizing the rhythm structure of Korean utterances as compared to that of other languages, especially those traditionally classified as stress-based language. It is also discussed whether the conventional dichotomy of rhythm classification is valid and plausible.

Duration of English Function Words Produced by Korean EFL Students

장태엽 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2015 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.66

This paper investigates whether there is a temporaldifference in function word pronunciation of Korean EFLlearners as compared to that of native speakers. A new measure,named RCFsyl, is proposed to take the effect of speech ratenormalization. Two experiments are conducted: first, proficiencybalanced hand-labeled data are examined to check the differenceamong the four different speaker groups. Then, automaticmeasurement on a large set of data is attempted to show thatthe new measure fits practical application. Results confirm thatfunction words are more prolonged as speakers’ proficiencylowered. The proposed measure is found to be useful forcapturing temporal characteristics of words.

Speech Rhythm Metrics for Automatic Scoring of English Speech by Korean EFL Learners

장태엽,Jang, Tae-Yeoub The Korean Society Of Phonetic Sciences And Speech 2008 말소리 Vol.66 No.-

Knowledge in linguistic rhythm of the target language plays a major role in foreign language proficiency. This study attempts to discover valid rhythm features that can be utilized in automatic assessment of non-native English pronunciation. Eight previously proposed and two novel rhythm metrics are investigated with 360 English read speech tokens obtained from 27 Korean learners and 9 native speakers. It is found that some of the speech-rate normalized interval measures and above-word level metrics are effective enough to be further applied for automatic scoring as they are significantly correlated with speakers' proficiency levels. It is also shown that metrics need to be dynamically selected depending upon the structure of target sentences. Results from a preliminary auto-scoring experiment through a Multi Regression analysis suggest that appropriate control of unexpected input utterances is also desirable for better performance.

전해질 농도가 양극산화와 열수처리한 Ti-6Al-7Nb 합금의 표면 특성에 미치는 영향

장태엽,송광엽,배태성,Jang Tae-Yeob,Song Kwang-Yeob,Bae Tae-Sung 대한치과보철학회 2005 대한치과보철학회지 Vol.43 No.5

Statement of problem: Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy is used instead of Ti-6Al-4V alloy that was known to have toxicity. Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the effect of electrolyte concentration on the surface characteristics of anodized and hydrothermally-treated Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy Materials and methods: Discs of Ti-6Al-7Nb alloy of 20 mm in diameter and 2 mm in thickness were polished sequentially from #300 to 1,000 SiC paper ultrasonically washed with acetone and distilled water for 5 min, and dried in an oven at $50^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours. Anodizing was performed at current density $30mA/cm^2$ up to 300 V in electrolyte solutions containing $\beta-glycerophosphate$ disodium salt hydrate $(\beta-GP)$ and calcium acetate (CA). Hydrothermal treatment was conducted by high pressure steam at $300^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours using a autoclave. All samples were soaked in the Hanks' solution with pH 7.4 at $36.5^{\circ}C$ for 30 days. Results and conclusion: The results obtained were summarized as follows: 1. After hydrothermal treatment, the precipitated HA crystals showed the dense fine needle shape. However, with increasing the concentration of electrolyte they showed the shape of thick and short rod. 2. When the dense fine needle shape crystals was appeared after hydrothermal treatment, the precipitation of HA crystals in Hanks' solution was highly accelerated. 3. The crystal structures of $TiO_2$ in anodic oxide film were composed of strong anatase peak and weak rutile peak as analyzed with thin-film X-ray diffractometery. 4. The Ca/P ratio of the precipitated HA layer was equivalent to that of HA crystal in Hanks' solution.

한국인 영어학습자의 영어음성 데이터베이스 구축에 관한 연구

장태엽 ( Taeyeoub Jang ) 한국외국어대학교 언어연구소 2005 언어와 언어학 Vol.0 No.35

The purpose of this studyis to construct a database of English utterances spoken by Korean learners, focusing on capturing their incorrect opronunciation patterns, Three major steps are described in this paper, First, frequent pronunciation errors produced by Korean learners of English are analysed. This procedure plays a key role in the database construction as the recording script is supposed to consist of error-prone English words and sentences which are extracted based on that analysis. Second. the way the recording script is prepared by combining those words into sentences willbe described. To avoid the reading difficulties by low proficiency level students sentences with rather simple structures are created or extracted form various text sources in print or online. Third, digital recording is conducted. Five American English native speakers and more than twenty adults in one of three proficiency levels are asked to participate in the recording. As for the final step. all data are tokenised by sentence units so that they can be directly used for experimentation with any speech analysis tols. The database is expected to be effectively used for understanding tendency of Korean speakers` English pronunciation errors. diagnosing each speaker`s proficiency level and, ultimately, improving his/her Englis pronunciation.