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J.M. Keynes의 Normal Psychological Law에 關하여
張晙昊 西原大學校 1972 西原大學 論文集 Vol.1 No.-
The purpose of this note is to exclusive general falling into anerrors on J.M. Keynes'Normal Psychological Law and to find out not only its essential qualities, through comprehensive analysis of consumption function controversy, the formation of which in 1938 was much debated by E.W. Gilboy, Acheson J. Duncun and J.M. Keynes, but also the co-relation between keynes, law, Albin H, Hansen's criticism and Dynamic consumption Function Theory of James S. Duesenberry style; The contents of this note are shown as follows; The first chapter deals with Introduction The second chapter deals with Definition of J.M. Keynes' Normal Psychological Law; If ?? is the amount of consumption and ?? is income(both measured in wage units) ?? has the same sign as ?? but is smaller in amount, ie;?? is positive and less than unity. The third chapter deals with Normal Psychological Law Controversy. (a) E.W. Gilboy's criticism; he regarded Keynes' Psychological Law as follows. Keynes' N.P. Law=ε<1 ε=Elasticity of expenditure dependent on income (b) E.W. Gilboy, A.J. Duncun and J.M.Keynes' debate The fourth chapter deals with Essential Qualities of Normal Psychological Law. In cast of ΔE Y ΔE Y a) ε>1, -----·--- >1 ∴----- > --- ΔE E ΔY E , ΔE Y ΔE E b) ε=1, -----·--- =1 ∴----- = --- and ΔY E ΔY Y , ΔE Y ΔE E c) ε<1, -----·--- <1 ∴----- < --- ΔY E ΔY Y , E.W. Gilboy thought of only the case of c) as Keynes, Psychological law, By the way, the concrete contents of Keynes' N.P.Law is ΔC 1> ----->0 or ΔY>ΔC ΔY C ΔC C A. line, ---=-----=1, ----1……constant Y ΔY Y ΔC C B. line, -----<1(constant), ---……decreasing ΔY Y ΔC C C. line, ----->1(constant), ---……decreasing ΔY Y C ΔC D. line, ---=-----<1(constant) Y ΔY ΔC C E. line, ----->1(constant), ---……Increasing ΔY Y ΔC Keynes' -----<1 does not mean pointing any case of 「constant」, 「decreasing ΔY ΔC 」, and 「increasing」of ----- , but observing smaller condition than 1 in ca ΔY se of B and D consumption function line. The fifth chapter deals with some Conclusive words. Keynes' Psychological law is entirely right in static consumption function, but it is said that the rule is always not right in dynamic consumption function which is called long-term secular consumption function. ΔC But it is true that 「constant」of ----- in long-term secular consumption fun ΔY ction is not contradictory to the essential meaning of Keynes' psychological law in the general.
J.C. Hubbard 理論의 再吟味 : 消費上昇 理論을 中心으로 Chiefly on Theory of Consumption Increment
張晙昊 西原大學校 1976 西原大學 論文集 Vol.5 No.-
This study is to search for the development directions and accurate position of fundamental problems in modern consumption theory in an attempt to understand and observe Hubbard's theory. This paper is systematized as follows; The first chapter deals with Introduction. The second chapter explains Various Theories of Past Consumption function. Absolute Income Hypothesis Relative Income Hypothesis Liquit Assets Hypothesis Permanent Income Hypothesis The Third chapter points Core of Hubbard's Theory a : Marginal propensity to consume which bring forth real Income Increment b : Marginal propensity to consume which bring forth Employment. Y : Income Increment which is expenditured. Consumption rising is a Y and it induces additional income bY. In case of a>b, Consumption is not only increased but brings about higher income level and it gives impetus to the rising of average propensity to consume. Put it in another way, consumption function in Short run moves upward due to productivity improvement. The last chapter suggests Some Problems and Review on Hubbard's Theory. It is true that Hubbard's Consumption Function in the short run moves upward due to productivity improvement so long as the Stability of kuznets' average propensity to consume in the long run is justified, but his theory is not fitted for the universal validity but only recognized under the special case and limited conditions.