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장윤정(Chang Younjeong) 한국영화학회 2004 영화연구 Vol.0 No.23
Film noir emerged in forties. These films combine several mixed genres and exhibit distinctive characteristics of dark visual setting and gloomy stories. Films with this salient visual styles are affected by German Expressionism, French Poetic Realism . Film noir is a film movement or tone that represents the atmosphere of unstable societies after World War Ⅱ and frankly shows pessimistic and un치ear future. In 1940~50 period, tile restricted of themes and issues broached by Hollywood feature film was the result of censorship. In order to forestall outer intervention, film industry construct the Production Code Administration (PCA). The Production Code was an attempt to make film promote home and family values. However these restrictions begin to loosen during tile war as public attitudes became progressive. So, noir filmmaker became adept circumventing tile Codes regulation though ellipses and suggestive mise-en scene. The distinctive characteristics of film noir are chiaroscuro lighting, a femme fatale, urban setting, voice-over narration, convoluted plot structure and so on. To visualize gloomy stories, film noir adopts various new techniques of visual representation. After War, the Truman administration adopted an increasingly conservative atmosphere. McCarthyism, me anti-Communist witch-hunting created a climate of fear and paranoia in American society. Then, tile left-liberal writers and directors used film noir to criticize on American society's competitive capitalism. These films reflect me society, especially dark atmosphere and pessimistic future with film noir styles. Dark screens and dismal stories effectively represent McCarthyism, a result of me cold war induced by ideological differences, affected surging tear and anxiety of people.
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