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장시기 한국비평이론학회 2009 비평과이론 Vol.15 No.2
The purpose of this theses is to search for Lacan's view of language and psychoanalysis by methodology of cultural studies, because it has possibility of trans-modern interdisciplinary knowledge and discourse beyond the modern national and patriarchal disciplinary system and the post-modern neo-liberalism. Lacan’s famous proposition on language and psychoanalysis, “the unconscious is structured like a language,” renders Freudian psychoanalysis as the interdisciplinary knowledge and discourse consisting of language theory and psychoanalytic theory. In this respect, we can evaluate Lacan’s psychoanalysis as a discipline which developed Freudian modern patriarchal and male-centered psychoanalysis into a more refined psychoanalytic theory. But in his another thesis, Lacan claims that we have to “return to Freudian psychoanalysis”. Why does he say like that? I want to search for the reason why Lacan insists on returning to Freudian psychoanalysis at the same time when he develops modern Freudian patriarchal and male-centered psychoanalysis into a more refined psychoanalysis theory. Lacan’s view of language, “the unconscious is structured like a language”, is one of the Lacan’s ambiguities in his dealing with the concepts of the unconscious and other terms of psychoanalysis. And I want to search for Lacan’s view of language compared to Baudrillard’s famous proposition on language and consumption, “a consumption is structured like a language” which is used to compare Saussure’s view of language with Peirce’s one. Ferdinand de Saussure divided sign system of language into two parts, signifier and signified. Saussure’s signifier and signified consist of Parole which is circulating with meanings of the present speaking subjects. The diachronic wholeness of Parole is Langue. But C. S. Peirce divided sign system of language into three parts, icon, index and symbol. Saussure's signifier and signified are similar to Peirce’s index and symbol. But we consider Peirce’s icon as the historical and spatial wholeness of Saussure’s Langue and Parole. In this respect, Baudrillard’s view of language, “a consumption is structured like a language”, is based on Peirce’s sign system of language, but Lacan’s view of language, “the unconscious is structured like a language”, is based on Saussure’s one. For the deterritorialization of modern psychoanalysis, we, trans-modern subjects, have to change Lacan’s view of language from Saussure’s linguistics to Peirce’s one.
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장시기 동국대학교 대학원 1988 東院論集 Vol.1 No.-
The purpose of this treatise is to trace the history of literary realism and to discuss it now in Korea. The literary realism is not so literary technique nor literary historical thought as the other therories. In the respect to achieve the truth pf which the literature is search, the literary realism can be named the creative methodological theory that is showing concretely the historical problem in the present. What is the truth of which the literature is search? The truth, that is said, is not the conceptual and metaphysical idea which is thought in tradition, but it is the comcrete and practitional one or the process that the individuals have confronted it's historical problem and to eager to dissolve it. Because of this, Lukacs has advocated that the rise of the realist writers is the age of the historical formation and development. In this respect the contemporary controversy about the literary realism is the literary cooperation with the others in the process of Korean social change. In the process of the social change out problem is flowing: What is literature, what relation is between the literature and the society, How can be the individuals and the mass in the social life presented in literature? These are the problem which our literature is confronted. The important features in the contemporary controversy for our literary realism are the literary phase in the whole social structure and the literary function in the process of the social change. But in spite of the creative controversy of the literary realism, it is true that the most people is conciously or unconciously survile in the imperialist literary theory and occupied in the commercialist's fetishism. This view point of literature is seen in the purism, and it has been developed in the environment of the new colonial society and the bad world view which turn one's face from the concrete social development. This wiew point of literature is united with the ruling class interest and desire, and the practitioners have consistently reproduced the antinational and anti-people persons with the base of the imperialist in government and national economy. The imperialist literary theory is gradually turned one's face by persons who search of the real life. So I have studied the rise and the process of development for the literary realism in the history of world literature in order to increase our interest in the literary realism and overcome the imperialist literary theory around our literary feeling.
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장시기 한국로렌스학회 2008 D.H. 로렌스 연구 Vol.16 No.2
In the early 20th century D. H. Lawrence says, in Studies in Classic American Literature, "America is a great melting pot" America is "away from everything That's why most people have come to America, and still do come To get away from everything they are and have been" In this respect Lawrence finds out "the spirit of place" different from European modern thoughts in th classic American literature including Benjamin Franklin, Fenimore Cooper, Edgar Allen Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Walt Whitman and so on But in the early 21st century Peter Weir, an Australian cinema director, shows the flight of Truman Burbank in 'The Truman Show' from the Seahaven Island Township which is symbolized as "the only world" in the Americanized post-modern world As Lawrence finds out the American "spirit of place", we think of American people as a different way of life from European modern thoughts But after World War Ⅱ America has been liked to the modern European way of life After all, Truman doubts his world and escapes through the danger of death from the Seahaven Island which was "all he'd ever known and as real to him as ours is to us" Comparing to Peter Weir, John M. Coetzee is, in Elizabeth Costello, going one step forward the trans-modern figure who is an Australian female writer, Elizabeth Costello She is "a writer, born in 1928", who has "left behind the territory" in which the modern white European were And she is a person who lives "in the far territory", where Lawrence finds out "the spirit of place" in the old classic American literary texts But most Americans don't understand her world and will not appreciate on her way of life So we have to try find out "the spirit of place", in which Lawrence thought of America as the different way of life from the modern European thoughts, not in America but in the present Australian and South African white writers
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