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門戶開放期 韓國人의 對外認識硏究 : 衛正斥邪派를 중심으로 focused on the conservative literati
叢成義 誠信女子大學校 1993 硏究論文集 Vol.33 No.-
The treaty in 1886 between Korea and France indicates that Korea opened its door for foreign countries and spontaneously advanced into the international society. But, the imperial powers at that time did not show a friendly feeling for the Hermit nation, who joined the international society late. In particular, Japan, as an imperial power Asia, tried to get what European powers took from her and employed a blunt colonialism in Asia. The conservative literati, which led one of the two major ideas along the reformative party, sought a way of helping their country and restoring its tradition. Due to its strong anti-foreign attitude, however, the conservatives have often been considered to be anti-reformative. Their plans for modernizing Korea was not taken into consideration. The purpose of this paper is to verify the conservatives definition of situation by analyzing their attitude towards foreign countries, based on how they recognized themselves, what was their foreign policy, how they delat with western cultures and who they considered to be their first enemy. The following is what I got form the analysis. 1. The conservative literati gave up the idea of Superiority of Tradition and changed their anti-foreign ideas into practical ones. 2. They tried to adapt themselves into the international order and rejected the toadyism. 3. They maintained that Korean should reflect on the traditional learnhing and adopted western studies, systems and technology in order to strengthen Confucianism. 4. They considered Japan to be their first enemy and used armed force against it. They also tried to get foreign aides to fight Japan. The conservative literati, who followed the idea of orthodex Confucianisn, had some limits on their ideas. In paricular, it should be pointed out that they required that an international law be righteous and rejected any democracy based on freedom and equality. Judging from their attitude towards foreign countries, however, I conclude that, even though they had such limits on their ideas, the conservative literati were not anti-reforamtive bigotries, but just conservatives.