高麗時代의 衡制

이종봉 부산대학교 사학회 1999 釜大史學 Vol.23 No.-

高麗時代의 尺 : 고려시대의 척

이종봉 부산대학교 사학회 2000 釜大史學 Vol.24 No.-

HY계 고강도 고인성강의 용접성

이종봉,안상곤,심인옥 대한용접접합학회 1995 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.13 No.3

Weldability of DS100 and HY type high strength-toughness steel plates, tentatively produced as domestic production, was investigated. DS100 and DS130A had nearly same hardenability in HAZ in spite of its difference in Ceq. Based upon the y-groove test results, cold cracking susceptibility of DS130 was superior to that of DS100 because of its lower hydrogen level in weld metal. Solidification cracking tested by the Trans-Varestraint test was occured in all of the weld metals, and its susceptibility was high in the row of DS100, DS130A and DS130B. However, no liquation cracking and ductility-dip cracking tested by the Longi-Varestraint test with 6.0% augmented strain were detected in base metal and reheated weld metal. Toughness in the GMA welding joint was satisfied with the relative Mill Spec, even though welded joint of DS100 had relatively low impact energy especially at the weld metal.

최근 9%Ni강의 용접특성

이종봉,한재광 대한용접접합학회 1995 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.13 No.3

9%Ni강은 1944년 미국의 INCO(International Nickel Co., Ltd.)에 의해 최초 로 개발된 강도가 높고 용접성이 우수한 강제로서, 특히 극저온에서의 충격 인성이 우수하고 경제적으로도 유리하여 LNG 탱크 소재로서 사용한 실적이 많으며, 그동안 일본이 주축이 되어 강재의 품질개선 및 고능률.고품질의 용접기술 개발 등을 비롯 하여 탱크의 대형화 추세에 따른 안전성 확보를 위한 연구도 계속되고 있다. 이러한 추세에 동참하여 우리나라도 1993년 국산의 9%Ni강을 성공적으로 개발하게 되었고, 그 품질특성에 대해서도 국내외에 발표되었으나 여건이 미비하여 현재 국내에서 건설 중인 탱크의 소재로서는 공급되지 못하였다. 그러나 최근에 개발된 국산 강제는 자체 시험결과 뿐 아니라 외국 유수 연구기관의 시험결과에서도 각종 품질특성이 선진 제품 과 동등 이상으로 우수함이 입증되어, 가까운 장래 건설예정인 국내공사에는 물론 해외에서도 사용될 것으로 기대되고 있다. 따라서 본 해설은 향후 국내외의 LNG 수요 를 고려할 때 대형 저장탱크의 건설이 활발해 질 것으로 전망됨에 따라 9%Ni강의 현황 과 함께 최근 개발된 국산 강재의 용접특성에 대하여 소개하고자 한다.

중세 부산의 역사와 “만덕동 사지”

이종봉 부산광역시사편찬위원회 2022 항도부산 Vol.43 No.-

This paper examines through a place of the Mandeok-dong temple site and excavated objects, it can be summarized as follows: Firstly, from the Goryeo to the early Joseon Dynasty, the Mandeok-dong temple site was within the extent of Dongpyeong-hyeon(東平縣) where was Dongrae-hyeon․gun(東萊縣․郡) and Yangju·Yangsan-gun`s Sokhyeon(屬縣). In the Dongpyeong-hyeon, according to Seonaksa-Jongmyeong(鐘銘), there were Hyang-Ri(鄕吏) group -Hojang(戶長), Jejangri(諸長吏) and others-, it was governed under them. And also an indigenous family name of Dongpyeong Lee Clan existed, this power would have accumulated economic wealth stand on the basis of Nakdonggang River. Based on this economic wealth, Dongpyeong-hyeon`s ruling power not only built the Deokcheon-dong Ancient Tombs but also existed as the Mandeok-dong temple site and Seonaksa temple`s major Danwol(檀越). Secondly, contemplating that Gukjangsaeng(長生標), Danggangiju(幢竿支柱), Geumdang(金堂)(was revealed in three-time excavation), an area of scattered antiquities around temple site, the Mandeok-dong temple site had a considerable range of temple domain, Considering that the name of the temple site in Mandeok-dong coincides with the inscriptions of the roof tiles of ‘Gibisa’, the Geumsansahyangwanmyeong, and the inscriptions and documents of the recently excavated temple site in Busan and Gyeongnam, it can be seen that the temple`s name is ‘Gibisa’. Thirdly, the scale of the Geumdang site was found in the three-time excavation of the Mandeok-dong temple site, and also important relics such as high-quality inlaid celadon porcelain, Chimi(鴟尾), Jabsang(雜像). Considering that, it would have maintained the supreme influence in the period around the 12th and 13th centuries of the Goryeo Dynasty. 본고는 만덕동 사지의 공간적 장소와 출토 유물 등을 통해 검토하였는데, 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 만덕동 사지는 고려에서 조선초기까지 東萊縣․郡과 梁州ㆍ梁山郡의 속현이었던 東平縣의 공간적 범위 내에 있었다. 동평현은 仙岳寺鐘銘을 통해 戶長과 諸長吏 등의 향리세력이 존재하였고, 이들의 지배를 받았다. 동평현에는 동평이씨 등의 土姓이 존재하였고, 이들 세력은 낙동강을 기반으로 경제적 부를 축적하였을 것이다. 동평현의 지배세력은 경제적 부를 바탕으로 덕천동 고분군을 축조하였을 뿐만 아니라 만덕동 사지와 선악사 등의 주요 단월로 존재하였다. 둘째, 만덕동 사지는 국장생, 당간지주, 3차의 발굴에서 드러난 금당, 사지 주위의 유물 산포지 등을 고려할 때 상당한 범위의 사역을 가지고 있었다. 만덕동 사지의 사명은 ‘祇毗寺’의 기와 명문과 <金山寺香完銘>에 ‘祇毗寺’의 기록 , 그리고 부산ㆍ경남지역에서 최근 발굴된 사지의 명문과 문헌에 기록된 사명이 일치하는 사례 등을 고려할 때 ‘기비사’임을 알 수 있다. 셋째, 만덕동 사지는 3차에 걸친 발굴에서 금당지의 규모, 그리고 고급의 상감청자, 치미, 잡상 등의 중요 유물이 출토되었는데, 이를 고려할 때 高麗 12ㆍ13세기를 전후한 시기에 최고의 사세를 유지하였을 것이다.

건설용 강재의 개발 현황과 용접성

이종봉,안영호,안상곤,한재광 대한용접접합학회 1994 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.12 No.3

朝鮮前期 慶尙道의 牧場 硏究

이종봉 부경역사연구소 2009 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.24

This paper undertakes an analysis of ranches in Gyungsang province in the early Joseon period. It summarizes as below: First of all, horses were closely related to the national political and economic interests of the Joseon dynasty. Therefore, the pedigrees of horses were documented in detail, and a medical book on horses, called ‘Maeuseo’, was published. Joseon’s national policy regarding horses focused on an increase of their numbers. In the beginning of the 15th century ranches were supervised by the national authority. However, this changed after the mid-15th century when the demand for horses became less not only nationally but also internationally. Moreover, the control and supervision of horses became loosened up in the late 15th century. Secondly, ranches during the 16th century suffered from plundering by some powerful nobles. As a result, a tight control by the national authority became almost impossible. Thirdly, the fluctuating numbers of ranches in Gyungsang province to some extent reflect the changes occurred in the early Joseon period analysed above. According to Sejongsilokjiriji(a book of Korean topography published during the reign of King Sejon), there were only 2 ranches in Gyungsang province, such as Oheya, and Sukpo, but became 18 during the time when Gyungsangdojiriji and Donggukyeojiseungram(books on Korean topography) were published. As a matter of fact, this increase was a direct result of the fact that other areas were completely over-packed with ranches at the time. Gyungsang province might have had a geographical advantage as a horse breeding place, but within the limit due to the fact that Japanese pirates frequently lurked along the coast line. This paper undertakes an analysis of ranches in Gyungsang province in the early Joseon period. It summarizes as below: First of all, horses were closely related to the national political and economic interests of the Joseon dynasty. Therefore, the pedigrees of horses were documented in detail, and a medical book on horses, called ‘Maeuseo’, was published. Joseon’s national policy regarding horses focused on an increase of their numbers. In the beginning of the 15th century ranches were supervised by the national authority. However, this changed after the mid-15th century when the demand for horses became less not only nationally but also internationally. Moreover, the control and supervision of horses became loosened up in the late 15th century. Secondly, ranches during the 16th century suffered from plundering by some powerful nobles. As a result, a tight control by the national authority became almost impossible. Thirdly, the fluctuating numbers of ranches in Gyungsang province to some extent reflect the changes occurred in the early Joseon period analysed above. According to Sejongsilokjiriji(a book of Korean topography published during the reign of King Sejon), there were only 2 ranches in Gyungsang province, such as Oheya, and Sukpo, but became 18 during the time when Gyungsangdojiriji and Donggukyeojiseungram(books on Korean topography) were published. As a matter of fact, this increase was a direct result of the fact that other areas were completely over-packed with ranches at the time. Gyungsang province might have had a geographical advantage as a horse breeding place, but within the limit due to the fact that Japanese pirates frequently lurked along the coast line.

조선후기 東萊人 崔天若의 생애와 과학기술

이종봉 부경역사연구소 2018 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.43

Choi Cheonyak(崔天若) was born around 1684 and died in 1775(the 31st year of the King Yeongjo). His family clan originated in Sangnyeong(朔寧). He started his career as a soldier in Dongrae(東萊). In the 37th year of the King Sukjong, he joined in the tour of Tongsinsa to Japan as a Banjeonchaji(盤纏次知), the position managing traveling expenses, and returned the following year. And then, he began in earnest to work in the central government by participating in making a jade seal since the 39th year of the King Sukjong, At that time, his statuses were Muin(武人) and Hallyang(閑良) and so on. Until the 31st year of the King Yeongjo, he has engaged in various activities such as repairing jade seal, royal seal, royal tomb, measurement and clepsydra and making musical instruments. Choi Cheonyak belonged to the military branch. He first became a Gyoryeongwan(敎鍊官) of Chongyungcheong(總戎廳), an instructor of the general defense unit based in Gyeonggi province, and rose through the ranks to a Cheomsa(僉使), an associate commander of the rear 3rd rank(從三品). And later he was also appointed in Sansanbyeoljang(蒜山別將), a special commander of Sansan. His ranks were risen from Gaseondaebu(嘉善大夫) and Gauidaebu(嘉義大夫) to Jaheondaebu(資憲大夫), the title given to officer of the front 2nd rank(正二品). He was given bows, arrows and half tamed horse(半熟馬) in recognition of his several services. Choi Cheonyak was recognized as one of the nation’s top technicians around the 15th and 16th years of the King Yeongjo. Because he made the brass ruler(鍮尺) standardizing measurement in the 16th year of the King Yeongjo. On this basis he also took part in going over music and notes. That is to say, Choi Cheonyak was in charge of standardization, which was the important thing in the nation. His high technical skill, thus, has been mentioned even after his death. In the 18th century, Choi Cheonyak made alarm clock, one of the new machine technologies at that time. But it is wrong record in Byungsejaeunrok(『幷世才彦錄』) that Cheo Yakcheon made the first alarm clock. This already was made by Song Iyeong(宋以潁) in the late 17th century, and so Choi Cheonyak, Na Gyeongjeok(羅景績) and the other people could make it based on earlier work. In other words, Choi Cheonyak contributed to spread the alarm clock of western scientific technology. 첫째, 최천약은 朔寧崔氏로 1684년 무렵 동래부에 태어나서 영조 31년(1755) 卒하였는데, 동래의 군인으로 출발하여 숙종 37년 盤纏次知의 자격으로 일본 통신사행에 참여하여 이듬해 돌아왔다. 그 후 숙종 39년 옥인 조성에 참여하면서 본격적으로 중앙정부에서 활동하였다. 이때의 신분은 武人․閑良 등이었다. 영조 31년까지 다양한 활동을 하였는데, 玉印․玉寶․王陵․度量衡․自擊漏의 정비, 樂器의 조성을 담당하였다. 최천약은 武班職에 있었는데, 처음 총융청 교련관을 받은 이후 여러 관직을 거쳐 僉使(종3품)직에 이르렀고, 나중 蒜山別將에 제수되었는데, 최종 품계는 嘉善․嘉義大夫를 거쳐 영조 29년 資憲大夫(정2품)에 올랐다. 아울러 그는 여러 역에 참여한 공로로 弓矢․弓箭과 半熟馬 등을 하사 받았다. 둘째, 최천약은 영조 15․16년 무렵 국가의 최고의 기술자로 인정받았는데, 그것은 영조 16년 도량형인 鍮尺의 제작을 통해 알 수 있고, 이를 토대로 악기와 音律의 정비에도 참여하였다. 최천약은 국가의 가장 중요한 표준화 일을 담당하였다. 이로 인해 최천약은 英祖代 최고의 기술자로 인정받았고, 사후에도 그의 기술력은 계속 회자되었다. 셋째, 최천약은 새로운 과학기술인 自鳴鐘을 18세기에 제작하였다. 『병세재언록』에 최천약이 자명종을 처음으로 제작하였다는 기록은 잘못 서술된 것이다. 자명종은 이미 17세기 후반에 송이영이 제작하였고, 이를 기반으로 최천약과 홍수해․나경적 등의 여러 인물들이 제작할 수 있었다. 최천약은 서양의 과학기술인 자명종을 확산시키는데 기여하였다.

아연도금강판의 $CO_2$ 용접특성(1) - 용접부 결함의 종류와 특성 -

이종봉,안영호,박화순 대한용접접합학회 2000 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.18 No.1

Characteristics of the weld defect, such as a blowhole and a pit in lap-jointed fillet Co₂ welds of Zn-coated steel sheet were studied in order to make clear the sequence of the blowhole formation during welding. Main conclusions obtained are as follows: 1) Blowhole, wormhole and pit were found in fillet welds, although the optimum welding condition of 200A-23V-100cm/min was applied. 2) Zn was only detected at the solidification boundary at the early stage of the blowhole formation. 3) Most of the blowholes was started to form at lap-joint by the Zn vapor. With increasing of the Zn vapor and its pressure, the blowhole was develope to th bed surface until the completion of weld solidification. 4) The behavior of the blowhole in growth was similar to that of the columnar dendrite during welding.

부경역사연구소의 설립과 지역사 연구

이종봉 부경역사연구소 2014 지역과 역사 Vol.- No.34

This article attempts to review the foundation and activities of the Pukyung Institute for Korean History. And it examines the achievements of the institute and the extended suggestions for the institute as well. From 1992, there had been a discussion on the establishment of the institute. As a result, it was founded on February 19, 1994 with the aim of studying on local history and popularizing history. As for its organization, there were the general assembly, the council, an auditor, the steering committee, a director, the first and second research bureaus, the secretariat, and the editing bureau. Shortly after, the second research bureau was abolished. And the planning office was newly installed and operated. Popularizing history has been carried out in two primary direction: public lectures and history trips. The public lectures have been given on a wide variety of historical subjects. The institute also had consistently a number of the history trips from the time when it was established to 2007. Recently, the institute is pushing forward the two activities by the Non-profit Organization Support Project of Busan. The institute has generated the academic achievements on local history as follows. First, a number of historical books for the public were published including following works: 『Gaya History for Citizen』, 『The History of Busan for Citizen』, and 『History of Busan for Citizen』. The institute also authored some academic texts like 『Korean History and Korean People』 in two volume which was intended as a historical introduction. In addition, the institute have held 28 symposia on local history such as ‘Review and Suggestion for Local History,’ the first symposium, and ‘local movements in Busan and Gyeongnam area in the modern and contemporary times’ in commemoration of 50th anniversary of Korean Liberation. These symposia have been contributed greatly to studies on local history and Korean history.