시민사회와 국제관계에 있어서 행위자문제

이병화(Lee Byung-Wha) 한국정치학회 1996 한국정치학회보 Vol.29 No.3

이 논문은 오늘날의 민주화와 세계화라는 세계사적 전환국면에서 시민사회의 성장과 확대가 외교정책의 결정과 집행에 미치는 영향관계를 규명하고, 국제관계에 있어서 행위자로서의 주권국가와 시민사회 단체들의 역할을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 로즈노우의 연계이론과 퍼트남의 ‘양면게임’이론의 유용성을 확인하였다. 나아가서 국가간의 관계를 중심으로 하는 기존 국제정치학의 논의에 대해 관점의 심화와 확대를 추구하며, 그 간의 연구의 지평을 열어 준 국가론의 성과와 세계체제론에서는 엄밀한 이론적 체계 보다는 ‘내부 정치과정’과 ‘전체로서의 세계’라는 각각의 측면에 국한된 문제의식만을 수용하고자 하였다. 그리하여 종래에는 주권국가가 독점해 온 외교정책이 한계를 지니게 되었고, 국제관계에 있어서 행위주체의 다양화라는 문제가 등장하고 있다는 것을 규명하였다. 따라서 다국적기업, 인종단체, NGO, 국제기구 및 여성운동 단체들의 초국가적 활동에 주목할 필요가 높아지고 있다. 이러한 상황의 변화에도 불구하고 주권국가의 현실주의적 힘의 논리는 여전히 국제협상의 가장 중요한 요소로 건재하고 있는 시점이다. 여기에서 국가와 시민사회의 협동적 대응이 요구된다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 새로운 외교의 전개방향은 공개성, 균형성, 자율성 그리고 다양성 등과 같은 민주주의의 보편적 정향과 가치에 더한층 접근하는 방향으로 나아가야 한다고 결론지을 수 있다. 특히 초국가적 시민사회의 활동을 국가가 활용하기 위해서는 새로운 도전에 대응하는 제도화의 노력이 있어야 할 것이다. 다시말하면 시민사회와 국가의 연결사슬을 만드는 제도화가 필요한 시점이라고 하겠다. 여기에서 외교정책 형성과정의 구체적 과제를 제시하고자 한다.

정상인 힘 추적 능력 분석

이백희(Baekhee Lee),박현지(Hyunji Park),김성호(Sungho Kim),이병화(Byung Wha Lee),나덕렬(Duk L. Na),유희천(Heecheon You) 대한산업공학회 2015 대한산업공학회지 Vol.41 No.2

Tetraethoxysilane과 Chlorotrimethylsilane으로부터 PMMA 기재 위에 발수성 코팅 도막 제조

박종호 ( Jong Ho Park ),이병화 ( Byung Wha Lee ),송기창 ( Ki Chang Song ) 한국화학공학회 2019 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.57 No.1

출발물질로서 TEOS (tetraethoxysilane)와 CTMS (chlorotrimethylsilane)를 사용하여 물과의 가수분해 및 중축합 반응에 의해 발수 코팅 용액을 합성하였다. 또한 이 용액을 PMMA 시트 위에 도포하고 열처리하여 비불소계 발수 코팅 도막을 제조하였다. 코팅 도막은 수접촉각, UV-Vis 투과율 및 미세구조 관찰에 의해 분석되었다. CTMS/TEOS의 몰비를 0.6~1.0으로 변화시켜 제조 된 코팅 도막은 CTMS/TEOS의 몰 비가 0.8일 때 107°의 최대 접촉각을 나타내었다. 또한 코팅 도막은 CTMS/TEOS의 몰 비가 0.6~0.8일 때 90%의 높은 가시광선 투과율을 보였다. 그러나 CTMS/TEOS의 몰 비가 0.9~1.0인 경우에는 거친 표면의 불균일한 형상으로 인해 코팅 도막은 70% 이하의 낮은 투과율을 보였다. Water-repellent coating solutions were synthesized by hydrolysis and polycondensation reactions with water using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and chlorotrimethylsilane (CTMS) as precursors. The solutions were coated on a PMMA sheet and thermally cured to prepare non-fluorinated water-repellent coating films. Coating films were characterized by water contact angles, UV-Vis transmittance and surface morphology. The contact angle of coating films prepared by varying the molar ratio of CTMS/TEOS to 0.6~1.0 exhibited a maximum value of 107° when the CTMS/TEOS molar ratio was 0.8. The coating films showed a high transmittance over the visible range up to 90% when the CTMS/ TEOS molar ratios were 0.6~0.8. However, when the molar ratios of CTMS/TEOS were 0.9~1.0, the transmittance of coating films was lower than 70% due to an uneven shape of the rough surface.

일개지역의 보건의료서비스 이용 평가

안성희(Sung Hee Ahn),이병화(Byung Wha Lee) 한국간호행정학회 2005 간호행정학회지 Vol.11 No.4

This study was to evaluate the utilization of health care service and to provide supportive data for health care policy making in one urban area in Korea. Method: This study tested the significance of public health service using the database of an university hospital and public health center from Feb. 2000 to Dec. 2004. Data were analyzed by multidimensional analysis and data mining technique and produced the information on the classification of utilization characteristics by main disease and the total cost of use and disease association with the users of the public health center. Results: The Results were as follows: 1) Top 10 diseases in the area accounted for 22.4% of total frequency for the most recent 5 years in university hospital, while 59.0% in public health center. 2) There were significant correlations between university hospital and public health center user`s insurance type and place of residence: It showed higher use of public health center for free service beneficiaries residing in Seoul than residents in nearby or local area. The medical insurance types for hospital users were more various than those for public health center users. 3) The use of hospital for patients of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia was tended to concentrate in mostly autumn and winter since August 2000, while the cost of using public health center for those patients has been steadily reduced since July 2000. 4) As a result of cluster analysis, there were classified into three homogeneous groups according to the total cost of using public health service, age, and the frequency of use, 5) The association analysis on patients with chronic disease in public health center produced a detailed information on accompanying diseases related to the incidence rate of disease of high frequency due to aging, information on drug abuse and immune disease. Conclusion: The health care policy for local community should be evaluated continuously. And the policy to build an integrated data warehousing by public health indicator system and to enhance the faithfulness of data is required.

졸-겔법에 의해 Tetraethoxysilane과 Methyltrimethoxysilane으로부터 발수코팅제 제조

김동구 ( Dong Gu Kim ),이병화 ( Byung Wha Lee ),송기창 ( Ki Chang Song ) 한국화학공학회 2018 Korean Chemical Engineering Research(HWAHAK KONGHA Vol.56 No.3

출발물질로서 테트라에톡시실란(TEOS)과 메틸트리메톡시실란(MTMS)을 사용하여 졸-겔법에 의해 발수성 코팅용액을 제조하였다. 이 용액을 냉연강판 위에 스핀 코팅하고 열처리하여 비불소계 발수 코팅 도막을 제조 하였다. 이 과정 중 MTMS/TEOS의 몰 비, 물 농도 및 암모니아 농도가 코팅 도막의 발수성에 미치는 영향을 연구하였다. MTMS/TEOS의 몰 비를 1~20으로 변화시켜 제조 한 코팅 도막의 접촉각은 MTMS/TEOS 몰 비가 10 일 때 최대 수치인 108°를 나타내었다. 반면에 물의 첨가량을 증가시킴에 따라 코팅 도막의 접촉각이 증가하여 발수성이 향상되었다. 또한 암모니아의 첨가량이 커질수록 실리카 입자의 크기가 커져 실리카 입자의 표면 거칠기가 증가하므로 발수성이 증가하였다. Water-repellent coating solutions were prepared by sol-gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) as precursors. The solutions were spin-coated on a cold-rolled steel sheet and thermally cured to prepare a non-fluorine water-repellent coating films. The effects of molar ratios of MTMS/TEOS, water concentration and ammonia concentration on the hydrophobic properties of the coating films were studied. The contact angle of water on coating films prepared by varying the molar ratio of MTMS/TEOS to 1~20 showed a maximum value of 108° when the MTMS/TEOS molar ratio was 10. With increasing water content, the coating films showed the larger contact angles and the better the water repellency. As the amount of ammonia added was increased, the contact angles of coating films were increased, showing the better the water repellency. It is considered that the larger the amount of ammonia added, the larger the size of the silica particles generated, which increases the surface roughness of the silica particles, thereby increasing the water repellency.

특발성 가성 장폐색증

황윤하(Yun Ha Hwang),박춘배(Choon Bae Park),황성하(Sung Wha Hwang),이병화(Byung Hwa Lee) 대한외과학회 1985 Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research(ASRT) Vol.28 No.6

韓國地方議會의 立法體系에 關한 硏究

李炳華 新羅大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.21 No.-

This paper is a study on the system of the local legislature which has not attrached much attention so far. The objectives of my study on the local legislaturem are as follows; first to locate problems of local legislature of Korea in 1950s and to find desirable direction for institutionalization of local legislative system. Second, to find the characteristics of the local legislative system by analyzing the interaction between leading variables and environmental variables, in connection with the contents of legislation. The scope of this study is confined to the local council of Korea from 1952 to 1960. And the methodology I employed are ecological approach, judicial-institutional approach and system-functional approach which are useful for analyzing the interaction among various variables. But the lack of materials did not allowed a case study and a sophisticated analysis of the local legislative process in 1950s. The major contents of this paper are as fllows; first, the local legislative system is composed of leading actors, environment and istitution of local council. Second, the different characteristics and the process between national legislation and local legislation are analyzed. Third, the Korean local legislation are different from foreign local legislature in various ways are also analyzed. Finally, on the ground of the findings of the analysis the necessity of strengthening the role and function of the local councils is suggested to accomplish much a purpose fellowing measure are desirable. 1) Democratic procedures in the local politics are required to counteract the intervening of the central political power as an environmental variable. Because the analysis of central-local politics and local legislative system showed that the change of central political power had been more influential than local council which is self-government through elected representatives. 2) To secure a productive coordination between the central government and the local government decentralization should be institutionalized. 3) To vitalize local Democracy, the power and activities of local councils of which functions are to promote political participation of the people should be guranteed and freely exercised.

韓國地方議會의 適正化模型에 관한 硏究

李炳華 新羅大學校 1989 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

This paper is mainly concerned with the ideal model of the korean local council system which is to be reconstructed in the later part of this year. Assordingly the objectives of this study are to find a universal model of the worfol-wide local council systems, to compare them with the korean case experienced in the 1950's and to paresent and appoapriate model for the real condition of Korea. Some of the typical findings are as follows; First, Local Councils are generally classified into tree types:the inhabitants self government (burgerliche Selbstverwaltung), the groups self government (Korperliche Selbstver-waltung)and the mixed type. The type of local council in korea being over deflected to groups self government, primary attention is given to the mixed type here. Second, the environmental factors that are regarded in grneral as most influencial to the operation as well as the structure of local council include the inhabitants, the central government, the pressure groups, the public opinion and the political parties. In Korean case, however, the man in power and the central government appear predomirant. Thirdly, although there are not wide differences in struc?ural and operational aspects of local council between the universal model and the Korean one, the latter case is characterized by being uniformly controlled on most political purposes by the central government. Consequently, an ideal model of local council system should at least contain the tollowing considerations: First, the chairman of the local council should also hold the position of the head of government, assisted by and executive, appointed by the chairman, who assumes responsibility for the whole administration. Second, party nomination is totally restricted in an election to the local council and a league of all the local councils shoud be established solely to check the central government. Thirdly, The structure and the operation of the local council should be diversified to a full extent according to the specific localities, with possible elements of central uniformity eliminated. In addition, much emphasis should be placed on a pro?osistion that the development of Korean local council system can be accomplished not merely through organizational or procedural improvements, but by the continued institutionalization of the system as the fourth element on the basis of the division of national power.

白凡 金九의 均富思想 成立背景에 關한 硏究

李炳華 新羅大學校 1987 論文集 Vol.24 No.-

The objective of this paper is to analyze and explore the Kim-koo`s economic thought. In order to make an adequate explanation of Kim-koo`s thought, it is necessary to trace back his personal background and the situations in which he devoted to the participation of the independence of movement. That is because his thoughts were formulated under the direction of his own personality with his social background and his activity. A historical-descriptive method has been used in the study for the purpose of analyzing sonne major events in the life of Kim-koo which made possible the formation of his economic thought and its subsquent changes. Kim-koo`s economic thought can be found in his writings, the documents of provisional government, the party principle platforms of Korean Independence Party(Han-Dok Dang), an Samkyunchui(tri-eguality principle) which provided the ideological principle for the various independence movement groups, and many others, Samkyunchui is one of the most original and outstanding of Korean and western thought. The findings of this paper with the approaches I have mentioned are as follows: 1) The core elements of the Kim-koo`s economic thought were based on anti-Japanese imperialism. His thought calls for a revolution to overthrow the Japanese regime and to recover Korea1s lost territory. Moreover, he attempted to extend the concept of economic equality to embrace not only the relationship between Korea and Japan but also between all nations of the world as to create a universal brotherhood. 2) Kim-koo`s economic thought overcame conflicts between various factions in Korean independence movement and played the role of amalgamation between the left and right wingers. Due to the unique mixture of various elements, his thought became to take a moderate position which was characterized by the avoidance of extreme of the political spectrum. 3) Kim-koo`s thought was the key theory for the nation(new republic) building movements and suggested the vision of unified nationstate. His thought calls for reconstruction of new republic on the basis of equality of opportunity in the economical, political and educational fields. The key point is equality of economic field, so he emphasized the nationalization of land and enterprises so that all the people may have equal rights and privileges in their livelihood. This paper is written as an exploratory study. Therefore, there would be lots of questionable statements in this paper. However I hope that this paper could be a steppingstone which could lead to the more conprehensive study of the Kim-koo`s economic thought in the future.

한국여성의 정치참여에 관한 연구

李炳華 新羅大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.29 No.-

The objective of this study is to find the factors which have brought about the lack of political participation and power held by women. This study is divided into three parts according to the approach. 1. Theoretical approach : I analyzed Korean women's political participation in a conceptual framework of the sex role differences and described the feminism theories which are connected with the political participation. And then I could find that the lack of women's active political participation results from the sex role differences of the patriarchal system and the capitalism system. 2. Empirical approach : I summarized the history of the Korean Women's political participation movement and researched the political behavior of ,the elite women who participated in political reality in the past. And ,then I described most of Korean women's political consciousness. As a result I could find the fact that Korean women's political consciousness is considerably advanced. So their political ambitions are getting greater. Nevertheless, they have a passive orientation to the political participation. 3. Analytical approach : The passive political orientation is originated by three factors : Korean family system with the sex role differences, capitalism of class conflicts, and authoritarian political regime deriving from the divided situation of Korea. In order to induce women's active political participations, I suggest a few important points as follows. 1. The direction of the feminism ideology must accord with political target in Korea, because it is a essential part of the women's political participation. 2. Korean women have to systemize their political power through labor and feminism movement, because it is an embodiment of tactics in the active political participation. 3. It needs to develop the women's political education for the reformation of patriachal system, because it is a necessary condition of the active political participation.