다차원적 빈곤 연구에서 ‘소득 대비 지출 비율’ 지표 사용의 문제점 및 대안

이건민 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회 2015 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.6

기본소득과 실험

이건민 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회 2016 비판과 대안을 위한 사회복지학회 학술대회 발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.5

The Effects of Basic Income on Labour Supply

이건민 한국사회보장학회 2018 사회보장연구 Vol.34 No.1

This study analyses the effects of basic income on labour supply using the neoclassical model of labour-leisure choice. In addition, we consider various costs (e.g. transaction cost, opportunity cost) and constraints (e.g. liquidity constraint, care constraint) as well as a minimum level of consumption. The main results are as follows. First, it is expected that the transition from conditional social security (CSS) to full basic income (FBI) will certainly increase the labour supply of existing public assistance recipients. Second, the labour supply effects of the transition in income groups at break-even points would be indeterminate. The labour supply effects depend on the relative size between basic income payments and the tax amounts of non-labour income for basic income payments. Spreading effects, i.e. reducing excessive overworking hours and/or increasing working hours which are now too short, can be expected among these groups. The total effects would be almost zero or slightly positive. Third, it is predicted that the labour supply effects of the above-mentioned transformation in the high-income bracket will also be inconclusive in theory due to the reliance on the relative magnitude between income and substitution effects. In this regard, we highlight that basic income can operate mechanisms to share and mitigate possible risks arising from either scenario. Examining the effects, we find extra advantages of FBI over CSS. The size of the opportunity set in groups below the break-even income level would mostly expand. In particular, existing social assistance recipients’ opportunity sets can expand, and their living standards would rise considerably with a high probability. Although the opportunity set for those in the high-income bracket can decrease slightly or substantially, the above-mentioned expected effects and benefits would considerably exceed any losses for those in the high-income class.

Chinese "External Medicine" and Its Views of the Body: A Case Study of the Manuscript "A Treatise on Seeking the Roots of Ulcer Medicine" (Yangyi Tan Yuan Lun (瘍醫探源論))

이건민,Li, Jianmin Korean Society of the Medical History 2015 한국의사학회지 Vol.29 No.2

This paper primarily discusses the materiality of the body in Chinese "external medicine". Chinese external medicine views the body as something consisting of sinew and flesh. Furthermore, there are times when Chinese surgical techniques must be applied to the body in order to manage rotting flesh and other abnormal manifestations. The materiality of the Chinese body of external medicine encompasses the way in which Chinese doctors manufactured surgical implements, the sick person's bodily experience of pus and pain associated with external diseases, and the details of the process by which doctors evaluated whether or not to carry out surgical interventions. This essay will use the Qing manuscript "A Treatise on Seeking the Roots of Ulcer Medicine" as a central case study for discussing these issues, while also showing the connections between it and other external medicine texts of the Ming and Qing era. Its author, Zhu Feiyuan, was a doctor who lived during the 18th to 19th century in Qingpu (today's Shanghai). My essay will thus discuss Chinese external medicine from a historical perspective. The way in external medicine treated illness differed from the prescriptions and pulse signs that "internal medicine" employed, and its view of the body likewise differed from that of internal medicine. I hope that this essay can provide new viewpoints on the history of the body in Chinese medicine.

Preparation of Electrospun Pullulan Nanofibrous Membrane

이건민,손태원,고재왕 한국고분자학회 2008 한국고분자학회 학술대회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.33 No.2

‘양시(羊矢)’라는 수수께끼와 중국 의학의 근육 신체관- 방법으로서의 중국 의학의 ‘그림(圖像)’

李建民 한국의철학회 2016 의철학연구 Vol.22 No.-

양시(羊矢)라는 혈자리가 몸의 어떤 곳에 위치하고 있는지 확정할 수는 없다. 넙다리동맥(femoral artery)과 겨드랑동맥(axillary artery) 부근 근육에서 그 흔적을 찾을 수 있을 것이라고 추정할 뿐이다. 그리고 이 두 부분은 박동하는 혈맥과 근육을 어떻게 바라볼 것인가 라는 몸을 보는 관점과 긴밀히 연관되어 있다. 어떻게 또 다른 방식으로 맥과 혈의 그림(脈穴圖像)을 꿰뚫어볼 수 있을 것인가. 그것이야 말로 중국 의학이 다루고 있는 신체의 역사(身體史)를 연구하는 주요 방법 중 하나일 것이다.

Seven Propositions on the Income Redistribution Effects  of the UBI-FIT Mode

이건민 한국사회보장학회 2022 사회보장연구 Vol.38 No.3

This study presents and proves seven propositions on the income redistribution effects of the UBI-FIT (Universal Basic Income-Flat Income Tax) model. The seven propositions are as follows. Proposition 1: The t% UBI-FIT model, where there is no tax exemption point and basic income is distributed equally to all, reduces the Gini coefficient exactly t% regardless of the income distribution. Proposition 2: Even if there is a tax exemption, the t% UBI-FIT model, where basic income is equally distributed to all members, if the pre-tax income of all members of the society is above the tax exemption point, reduces the Gini coefficient precisely t% as above. However, part of the income redistribution effect in Proposition 1 that arises from the ‘after-tax stage’ to the ‘after-tax-and-transfer stage’ is merely transferred in Proposition 2 from the ‘pre-policy stage’ to the ‘after-tax stage’ by identical amount. In both cases, the final income distribution is the same. Proposition 3: In the t% UBI-FIT model, where there is no tax exemption point and basic income is distributed equally to all, if the value of t increases, the net benefit amount increases in proportion to t, but the percentage of net beneficiary group remains constant. Proposition 4: Under the t% UBI-FIT model, where there is no tax exemption point and basic income is distributed equally to all, in a positively-skewed unimodal distribution, the rate of net beneficiaries is higher than that of net contributors; in negatively-skewed unimodal distributions, the proportion of net contributors is higher than that of net beneficiaries; in the symmetrical unimodal distribution, the percentage of the net beneficiaries is identical to that of net contributors. Specifically, where α is the proportion of people located between median income and average income in the negatively-skewed unimodal distribution, the rate of net contributors is (50+α)%; where β is the proportion of people between median income and average income in the positively-skewed unimodal distribution, the percentage of net beneficiaries is (50+β)%. Proposition 5: Rank reversal does not occur under the t% UBI-FIT model, where t is less than 100 and basic income is equally distributed to all. Likewise, if the t values are all less than 100 and the basic income is distributed equally to all, then no rank reversal occurs at the UBI-PIT (Universal Basic Income-Progressive Income Tax) model or the UBI-RIT (Universal Basic Income-Regressive Income Tax) model. Proposition 6: If a tax exemption is established and the pre-tax income of some members of the society is less than the tax exemption point, the t% UBI-FIT model, where basic income is distributed equally to all, reduces the Gini coefficient to less than t% when compared to the pre-policy stage, regardless of the income distribution. Proposition 7: In the t% UBI-FIT model, where a tax exemption point is set and basic income is equally distributed to all, and if some members of the society earn less than the tax exemption point, the higher the tax exemption point, the less the Gini coefficient reduction rate, compared to the before tax and transfer regardless of the income distribution. Finally, some policy implications that can be drawn through the seven propositions are discussed.

기본소득과 함께여야 할 21세기 복지국가 Battling Eight Giants: Basic Income Now (Guy Standing, 2020, I.B. Tauris) Reinventing the Welfare State: Digital Platforms and Public Policies (Ursula Huws, 2020, Pluto Press)

이건민 한국산업노동학회 2021 산업노동연구 Vol.27 No.1

한국 복지태도 연구에 대한 비판적 평가

이건민 한국사회보장학회 2016 한국사회보장학회 정기학술대회 Vol.2016 No.2

≪국세통계연보≫ 자료로 근로소득 분포를 얼마나 잘 추정할 수 있을까?: 2013~2016년 국세청 근로소득 천분위자료와의 비교

이건민 비판사회학회 2020 경제와 사회 Vol.- No.126

This paper compares the estimated distribution of taxable wage and salary income, using the year-end settlement of taxable wage and salary income tabulation data presented by the Statistical Yearbook of National Tax, and Generalized Pareto Curves(GPC) interpolation, with 2013~2016 National Tax Service’s thousand percentile data on taxable wage and salary income released by the politician Sang-Jung Sim. Both data have the same population and income source. Although the Statistical Yearbook of National Tax provides the very limited information on the whole distribution throughout these years, we can estimate the actual income distribution fairly accurately by using the GPC interpolation method. There has never been an estimate of more than ±0.1%p differences in the share of the bottom 50%, middle 40%, top 10% and top 1% over four years. The Gini coefficient is underestimated by 0.001 or 0.002, but the difference is negligible. However, when comparing the estimated distribution and the thousand percentile distribution in the top 1% group divided by 0.1%, it is found that the estimated distribution underestimates the income share of the top 1% bracket divided by 0.1% by about 0.01~0.04%p. The main contribu- tion of this paper is to identify the excellence of the GPC interpolation, to call for the need for statistical data presented in more income categories for the top income bracket, and to raise the need for regular and public disclosure of NTS’s thousand percentile data. 본고는 ≪국세통계연보≫에서 표 형태로 제공하는 연말정산 신고대상자의 근로소득 자료를 활용해 일반화된 파레토 곡선 보간법[Generalized Pareto Curves(GPC) Interpolation]으로 추정한 근로소득 분포와 심상정 의원이 공개한 2013~2016년 국세 청 근로소득 천분위자료를 비교한다. 두 자료는 모두 ‘연말정산 신고대상자’를 대상으 로 하며 ‘과세대상 근로소득’을 보고한다는 점에서 모집단이 정확히 일치한다. 해당 기 간에서, ≪국세통계연보≫는 과세대상자(결정세액이 있는 자)의 경우에는 15개의 소득 구간으로, 과세미달자(결정세액이 없는 자)의 경우에는 11개의 소득구간으로 구분해 각각 인원과 금액 정보를 제공하고 있는데, GPC 보간법을 활용할 경우 이렇게 제한된 정보만으로도 실제 근로소득 분포를 상당히 정확히 추정할 수 있음을 확인했다. 4개년 도에 걸쳐서 하위 50%, 중간 40%, 상위 10%, 상위 1%의 소득점유율을 ±0.1%p 초 과해 추정한 경우는 단 한 번도 없었다. 지니계수는 0.001 또는 0.002 정도 과소추정 한 것으로 나타났는데, 그 차이는 미미한 수준이었다. 하지만 0.1% 단위로 구분해 상 위 1% 내 계층에서의 추정분포와 천분위자료의 소득점유율을 비교해 본 결과, 추정분 포가 상위 1% 내 계층의 소득점유율을 0.01~0.04%p 정도 과소추정한다는 사실이 발견되었다. 근로소득 분포의 추정과 분포 간 비교를 통해, 일반화된 파레토 곡선 보간법 의 우수성을 확인함과 동시에 최상위소득층을 대상으로 한 더 많은 소득 범주로 제시된 통계자료의 필요성을 환기했다는 것, 더 나아가 산발적이 아니라 정기적인 국세청 천분 위자료의 일반 공개 필요성을 제기했다는 것이 이 논문의 주요한 기여이다.