리스금융에 있어서 중도해지에 대한 고찰

윤창술(Yoon, ChangSul) 한양법학회 2009 漢陽法學 Vol.27 No.-

Lease agreement, a new form of commercial activity, so far has no legal specifics stipulated on the basis of the Commercial Law as to prescribe the rights and duties of both parties and relied solely on stipulations and interpretations, which in consequence generated a variety of disputes. To deal with this problem, amendments were made to the Commercial Law with regard to lease agreements, and notice of legislation was advanced in August 6, 2008. That is, in order to stipulate legal specifics on lease agreements in the Commercial Law, which has so far relied on practical stipulations, separate chapters and sections were newly incorporated into the amendments to specifically provide such concerns as the basic rights and duties of both principals of an agreement. By stipulating the amendments in the Commercial Law as such, an attempt was made to secure a legal stability in commercial transactions. Concerning the classification of lease agreement, the amendments, while reflecting No. 19 of Article 46 in the current Commercial Law, perceive it as a financial transaction (physical finance), which is different from a rental agreement, so as to confine the definition of financial lease business to a finance lease on the basis of the Commercial Law, and, by interpreting operating lease as ‘rental agreements for other property’ in No. 2 of Article 46 in the Commercial Law, distinguish finance lease and operating lease clearly according to their legal properties. Regarding finance lease, however, a problem remains where ownership in terms of taxation and accounting and ownership in a legal sense disagree. So, as an effort to coordinate with the classification system of taxation and accounting, it seems that ownership in terms of taxation and accounting had better be awarded to the lease company in a finance lease agreement. In the mean time, as it was pointed that most of the current stipulations for lease agreement fail to properly protect the users of lease agreements by not allowing them to cancel the agreements before maturity, exceptions have been made to the stipulations so as to allow cancellations before maturity if the user has an acceptable reason for cancellation. For operating lease, the conflicts involving cancellations before maturity are being settled according to the legal principles of rental agreement. However, as far as the defects liability and the maintenance liability for the object of operating lease is concerned, if the current stipulations were followed, which reflect the characteristics of lease agreement and, as a result, differ from those in the Civil Law, there comes a problem in which the stipulations become inconsistent with the legal principles of the Civil Law behind rental agreement. A further discussion on this matter would be necessary in the future.

해양산업시설의 위험유해물질 해양배출 관리의 필요성 및 타당성 조사

윤현석(Hyunseok Yoon),윤창술(Changsul Yoon),이문진(Moonjin Lee),강원수(Won-Soo Kang) 한국해양환경·에너지학회 2021 한국해양환경·에너지학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2021 No.10

현 정부에서는 국민 안전과 생명을 가장 중요한 요소로 평가하고 있으며, 국민 안전 확보를 위한 국가 재난체계 강화 및 해양환경 오염 예방 및 관리를 강화하고 있다. 이에 따라 현행 우리나라 법에서는 모든 오염물질의 해양배출을 전면금지하고 있으나, 관련 업계에서는 산업적 필요성을 고려하여 동 규정 완화를 요구하고 있는 실정이다. 해양환경을 관장하는 해양수산부는 「해양환경관리법」 상 모든 HNS(위험·유해물질)의 해양배출을 전면적으로 금지하는 입장이지만, 산업통상자원부는 모든 HNS물질의 해양배출 금지는 과도한 규제로서 유연한 규제적용이 필요하다고 주장하고 있어, 서로 상반된 입장을 보이고 있다. 이에 국무조정실 등에서는 대체물질이 없는 경우 해양배출허용기준 등 대안 마련의 필요성을 언급하고 있다. 해양수산부 입장에서는 해양안전정책 목표 달성을 위해 해양환경관리체계의 개선이 요구된다. 해양산업시설의 HNS 배출현황을 파악하고 해양배출제도를 개선하기 위한 연구를 통해 해양산업시설의 HNS 해양배출 관리를 위한 영향평가 및 체계적 배출제도를 정립할 필요가 있다. 더불어 합리적인 HNS 해양배출 규제 및 관리제도를 마련해 HNS 해양배출에 대한 업계간 갈등을 해소해 나가야 한다. 이에 따라 본 연구팀은 기존 연구결과를 바탕으로 현행 HNS의 해양배출의 원칙적 금지정책을 재검토하고 해양시설에서의 배출허용 가능성, 대상물질의 범위 공공수면에 대한 배출 정책과의 일관성 유지 등을 병행하여 검토함으로써 HNS 해양배출 관리 및 실효적 규제체계를 마련하고자 한다. 해양환경관리법에서는 어떤 형태의 배출원이든지 관계없이 오염물질의 해양배출을 원칙적으로 금지하고, 법령에서 규정하는 예외적 범위에서만 배출을 허용하고 있다. 그러나 이마저도 구체적인 처리기준 및 방법을 규정하지 않고 물환경보전법 등 타 법령의 기준을 따르도록 하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 먼저 현 정부에서의 여러 법률에 혼재된 해양시설에서의 HNS의 해양배출 관련 규정과 현 정부의 정책기조, 외국의 법체계를 비교·검토하여 해양산업시설의 HNS 배출 관리에 대한 필요성을 분석한다. 또한 해양환경관리법에 정의된 해양시설로서 정부가 관리중인 해양시설 중, 해양산업시설로서 관리될 수 있는 현황을 분석하여 나름의 정리를 하고, 해당시설의 배출현황을 검토한다. 이를 통해 해양산업시설에서의 HNS 해양배출에 대한 규제 개선 필요성과 타당성을 도출한 후 법적 수용방안을 제시한다. The current government evaluates public safety and life as the most critical factors. It strengthens the national disaster system and prevents and manages pollution in the marine environment to ensure public safety. Accordingly, the current Korean law completely bans the discharge of all pollutants into the sea. Still, the related industries are demanding the relaxation of these regulations in consideration of industrial necessity. The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries, which is in charge of the marine environment, is in a position to completely ban the discharge of all HNS (Hazardous & Noxious Substances) into the sea under the 「Marine Environment Management Act」. On the other hand, the Ministry of Trade, Industry, and Energy argues that the ban on discharging all HNS substances into the sea is excessive regulation and requires a flexible application of the rules. Thus, the Office for Government Policy Coordination and others refer to the necessity to prepare alternatives, such as ocean discharge criteria, when there are no alternative substances. The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries requires improvement of the marine environment management system to achieve the maritime safety policy goals. It is necessary to establish an impact assessment and systematic discharge system for HNS ocean discharge management of marine industrial facilities through research to understand the current status and improve the ocean discharge system. In addition, The Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries should establish a reasonable HNS ocean discharge regulation and management system to resolve conflicts between industries on HNS ocean discharge. Therefore, this research team reviewed the prohibition of the current HNS ocean discharge based on the results of previous research and concurrently reviewed the possibility of permitting release from marine facilities, the scope of target substances, and maintaining consistency with the discharge policy for public waters. By doing so, we intend to prepare an effective regulatory system for HNS ocean discharge management. In principle, the Marine Environment Management Act prohibits the discharge of pollutants into the sea regardless of any discharge source. It permits release only within the exceptional range as stipulated in the Act. However, this does not prescribe specific treatment standards and methods but follows other laws and regulations, such as the Water Environment Conservation Act. This study analyzes the necessity of the HNS ocean discharge management of marine industrial facilities by comparing and reviewing rules related to and mixed with various laws of the current government, its policy basis, and foreign legal systems. In addition, we analyze the current status that can manage a marine industrial facility operated by the government as defined in the Marine Environment Management Act, then organizes its arrangements and reviews the current discharge status of the relevant facilities. This study derives the necessity and validity of improving regulations on HNS ocean discharge from marine industrial facilities and proposes legal acceptance measures.