목서류의 (木犀類) 증식에 관한 연구

윤기식,구관효,조정석 ( Ki Sik Youn,Gwan Hyo Goo,Chung Suk Jo ) 한국산림과학회 1986 한국산림과학회지 Vol.75 No.1

Present studies were carried out to understand the way of propagation of Osmanthus which has much value as ornamental trees in southern parts of Korea. The results of these experiments were summarized as follows: 1. In order to increase the survival of Osmanthus, scions of Osmanthus was grafted on the stocks of Ligustrum obtusifolium S. et Z. The survival of the grafts were 63% for Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus Makino and 60% for Osmanthus asiaticus Nakai. 2. The growth of the grafts was initiated from 28th day after the grafting and the height growth resumed three times, and the growth percentage was 63% for Osmanthus fragrans var. aurantiacus and 59% for Osmanthus asiaticus. 3. Cutting medium mixed with perlite and vermiculite (1:1) gave better results than either use of them separately, and the rooting percentage was 93% for Osmanthus fragrans var, aurantiactts and 90% for Osmanthus asiaticus. 4. Rooting percentage of cuttings was lower in hard-wood cutting than that of in green-wood cutting. 5. Grafts showed fairly good height growth in July and September, and ceased growth in October. 6. Correlation between height growth and diameter of root collar of grafts in case of Osmanthus fiagrans var. aurantiacus was highly significant and showed linear correlation (r=0.70^(**))

호도나무 대목촉성재 (臺木促成材) Plastic 원통을 이용한 유경녹기 (幼莖綠技) 접목에 관한 연구

윤기식(Ki Sik Youn),구관효(Gwan Hyo Goo),조정석(Chung Suk Jo) 한국산림과학회 1989 한국산림과학회지 Vol.78 No.2

This study was carried out to produce the grafts of Juglans sinensis by juvenile grafting method which epicotyl of newly germinated seeds were used as stocks and juvenile fresh shoots were used as scion. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. When plastic tube installed covering up seed with soil up to 6㎝ height for diameter increment of epicotyl, the epicotyl can be grown up to thickness of 10㎜. 2. When the soft fruit branches and the soft water sprout with the terminal bud 8㎝ to 12㎝ long were used as scions, the survival rates showed 90 Percent. 3. The optimum date for making juvenile grafts was around the 20th of May, and the survival rates of grafted seedlings showed 86 percent in average. 4. The grafted seedlings showed first sprouting the 15th of June, that is 25 days after making graft, and the sprouting rate was 72 percent. 5. The height-growth of grafted seedlings finished at the end of July, and diameter growth lasted into the end of October,

황벽나무의 종자발아와 묘목생장 및 적정생육밀도에 관한 연구

구관효,이강영,윤기식,이총규 ( Gwan Hyo Goo,Kang Young Lee,Ki Sik Youn,Chong Kyu Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1997 한국산림과학회지 Vol.86 No.4

We examined the effect of pretreatments on seed germination, seedling growth, optimal seedling density of Phellodendron amurense. The seeds were carefully purified after collection in late Oct. from natural population at Mt. Chiri. For the evaluation of pretreatment effects, seeds were sowed in an experimental nursery after being stored in open ground(2∼8℃) with soaking in 20% H₂O₂, 50-fold pon-pon solution, cold moist stratification in refrigerator(2∼4℃) and dry storage in roam temperature(4∼18℃), respectively, For the effect of growth density of seedlings, seedlings germinated in nursery were precisely controlled with 53, 104, 220, 380 seedlings per ㎡. Among pretreatments for the promotion of germination rate, pon-pon treatment(68.8%) was highest, the others were higher than that in dry storage(2.3%), and these seed pretreatment methods were significantly different at 1% level. The height growth of seedlings showed the most vigor from Jun.12 to Jul. 8, and from Jul.20 to Aug. 2, and it reached to 72.8% of height growth. In case of 1-0 seedling, although seedling density per ㎡ was increased, seedling growth was decreased. The optimal seedling density was 104 seedlings per ㎡. The standard seedlings for plantation were above height 55㎝, root collar diameter 8.1㎜, and root length 21㎝. These results demonstrated that seed of P. amurense requires stratification for the germination promotion.

경남지역에 서식하는 수렵조수류의 (狩獵鳥수類) 중금속 축적

최재식,정위현,윤기식,이두표 ( Jai Sik Choi,Wee Hyun Jung,Ki Sick Youn,Doo Pyo Lee ) 한국산림과학회 1994 한국산림과학회지 Vol.83 No.1

Three different types of tissue taken from three game birds such as Ring-necked Pheasant, Rufous Turtle Dove, Mallard and a mammal, Korean Water Deer were analyzed for five heavy metals such as iron, zinc. copper, lead and cadmium. The main purpose of this study was to make clear the background levels of the metal concentrations in the tissues of these game species. The metal levels were generally low and could be considered as the background levels. But some markedly high levels of lead were recorded in the muscles of birds shot by the shotgun. The implications of these results were discussed with respect to the health of people.

두충나무의 (杜충) 종자발아 (種子發芽) , 묘목생장 (苗木生長) 및 물질생산

구관효(Gwan Hyo Goo),윤기식(Ki Sik Youn),이강영(Kang Young Lee) 한국산림과학회 1991 한국산림과학회지 Vol.80 No.2

This study was carried out to examine seed germination, seedling growth, and biomass production of Eucommia ulmoides. The results were summarized as follows ; 1. Cold moist stratification at a refrigerator showed 60.3% of seed germination, which is the most effective among pretreatment methods. 2. In case of 1-0 seedlings, sixty seedlings per 1㎡ was the most appropriate density, and the growth quality of seedlings differed significantly among densities. 3. Height growth showed continuous growth pattern and the maximum growth was shown during the period 21 Tune to 20 1uly, which corresponds 32.7% of total annual growth. 4. As tree age and DBH increased, the production of bark and leaf increased, however, its increment rate remarkably dropped down after ten years. 5. When tree age was ten years, the rate of bark volume showed the maximum value, 12.42%. 6. Dry weight of barks and leaves and bark volume were positively related to the growth of DBH and height. 7. As tree age increased, leaf area decreased, but the number of leaves increased.

초피나무에 있어서 Pon - Pon 처리에 의한 종자 발아촉진과 (發芽促進) 삽목에 (揷木) 의한 무성번식 (無性繁殖) 개선

구관효(Gwan Hyo Goo),윤기식(Ki Sik Youn),최재식(Jai Sik Choi) 한국산림과학회 1993 한국산림과학회지 Vol.82 No.3

This study was carried out to seek for a most effective hastening method of seed germination by Pon-Pon treatment and asexual multiplication method by cutting in Zanthozylum piperitum . The results obtained in this study were as follows : 1. Cold moist stratification under the ground accompanied with Pon-Pon treatment was shown 74.3% of seed germination, which was the most effective one among pretreatment methods with significance at 1% level. 2. Height growth was shown continuous growth pattern and the maximum growth was shown during the period 1 July to 31 July, which corresponds 40.3% of total annual growth. 3. Although no noticeable difference among the kind of plant growth regulator in the rooting rate, there was difference among concentrations with significance at 1% level . 4. In the case of number of primary roots and T/R rate of rooted cuttings, treatment of plant growth regulators was significantly superior to control. 5. T/R rate in rooted cuttings was a high negative correlation (r=-0.7164) with the number of primary roots.

화살 , 남천 , 차 , 초피나무 4유용수종의 종자 발아촉진처리가 포지발아와 (圃地發芽) 유묘 (幼苗) 생장에 미치는 효과

구관효(Gwan Hyo Goo),최재식(Jai Sik Choi),윤기식(Ki Sik Youn) 한국산림과학회 1995 한국산림과학회지 Vol.84 No.1

We examined the effects of seed treatment on field germination rate and seedling growth for four woody species, Euonymus alatus, Thea sinensis, Zanthoxylum piperitum, Nandina domestia which are economically useful in Korea. The seeds of each species were purified carefully after collection during Oct. and Nov.. E. alatus, T. sinensis, and Z. piperitum were sowed in the experimental field after stored in open ground with treatment of Pon-Pon. H₂O₂. GA₃, scarification. and N. domestica was sowed in container within green house after treatment of three different periods(7, 15, 21days) in growth chamber(4, 25, 32℃). Germination rate and seedling growth were measured in mid-Oct.. In E. alatus germination rate was higher in storaging in open ground after soaking in GA₃(67.1%) than in only storaging in open ground(18.4%). But the rate in T. sinenszs showed no differences between storage in open ground after treatment of GA₃, and scarification. and only storage in open ground, Germination rate of Z. piperitum was much higher in storaging in open ground after treatment of Pon-Pon(80.3%) than in only storaging in open ground(12.4%). In N. domestica. seeds stored for 7 days at 32℃ were germinated faster than those stored for 7 days at 4℃, and germination rate of the former was also higher than that of the latter. Peak Times of seed germination in field were order of E. alatus (32 days). Z. piperitum (49 days). T. sinensis (83 days), N. domestica (87 days). The growth of seedling germinated in field showed a good result because of early germination following the effect of seed treatment. The periods of highest growth performances of the seedlings were 72 days in late Jun.-mid Jul. in E. alatus. 59 days in late Jun.- mid Jul. in Z. Piperitum, and 45 days in mid Aug.- mid Sep. in T. sirtensis

In vitro에 依한 2n과 4n의 × populus albaglandulosa의 葯培養에 關한 硏究 Ⅰ. Anther의 成熟度에 따른 callus形成

Chung Suk Kim(金鼎錫),Joo Soo Choi(崔柱銖),Ki Sik Youn(尹基植) 한국육종학회 1987 한국육종학회지 Vol.19 No.1

This study was conducted to induce the pollen plants from anther culture of Populus alba x P.glandulosa. However, the immediate objective was to examine the callus formation for each of anther maturities. Callus formation and differentiation from anther being at early leptotene stage during the first division were the best at 15℃ under 100 luxes on W.S. medium containing 0.1ppm of 2,4-D, at 25℃ under 100 luxes on W.S. medium containing 0.1 to 0.7ppm of NAA and at 15℃ under 100 luxes on W.S. medium containing 1.0ppm of BAP. Those at pachytene stage were the best at 25℃ under 100 luxes on W.S. medium containing 0.7ppm of 2,4-D and at 29℃ in the darkness on W.S. medium containing 0.06 to 0.15ppm of BAP. And those, however, at metaphase and anaphase were the best at 25℃ in the darkness on W.S. medium containing 0.lppm of 2,4-D and at 29℃ in the darkness on W.S. medium containing 0.06ppm of BAP. Among the above three stages, the early leptotene stage was the most effective on callus formation and differentiation. Callus formation at the pachytene stage was the best on W.S. medium containing various hormones while its differentiation was the best on W.S. medium containing 1.5ppm of 2,4-D. Callus differentiation of the 2n Populus hybrid grown on W.S. medium containing 1ppm of 2,4-D and 1 ppm of NAA was better than that of 4n Populus hybrid. Quantitative differentiation of 2n anther callus on the medium of W.S. containing mixed by 1 ppm of 2, 4-D and 1 ppm of NAA was better then anther callus.

주목삽수의 (揷穗) 모수령 (母樹齡) 및 아조형태가 (芽條形態) 발근과 묘형에 (苗型) 미치는 영향

구관효(Gwan Hyo Goo),이강영(Kang Young Lee),윤기식(Ki Sik Youn),권영한(Yeong Han Kwon) 한국산림과학회 1990 한국산림과학회지 Vol.79 No.4

This study was carried out to investigate rooting rate, plagiotrophic growth and root-promoting effect of IBA in Taxus cuspidata S, et Z. cuttings. The results obtained were summarized as follows : 1. As the ortet ages of cuttings were increased in 5, 10, to 20 years , the rooting rates were decreased in order of 85.7%, 81.7% and 62.4%, and the number of primary roots were also decreased in 5.3, 3.7 and 2.9. respectively. 2. Rooting rate by cutting types of lateral shoot were higher than those of main shoot type, significant at the 1% level . 3. IBA(l00ppm) treatment promoted the rooting rates and the number of primary roots. 4. As the ortet ages were increased in 5. 10 to 20 years, angles of central shoot of rooted cuttings which mesured cyclophysis were decreased in order of 75.9% 68.5% and 59.6%. respectively, significant at the 1% level 5. Average angles showed 77.0° for main shoot cutting, 65.9° for upper lateral shoot and 61.7° for lower lateral, which was significant at l% level, and lateral shoot cutting showed more topophysis than main shoot cutting. 6. Shoot length of rooted cuttings from main shoot cutting was longer than that from lateral shoot significant at the 1% level. 7. Relationship between some characteristics showed highly positive correlation.

In vitro에 依한 2n과 4n의 ×populus albaglandulosa의 葯培養에 關한 硏究 Ⅱ. 培地와 phytohormone이 器官分化에 미치는 影響

Chung Suk Kim(金鼎錫),Joo Soo Choi(崔柱銖),Ki Sik Youn(尹基植) 한국육종학회 1987 한국육종학회지 Vol.19 No.2

Following results were obtained in this study conducted to examine the effects of the media and phytohormones on organ differentiation and inducement of plantlets from callus of 2nd and 4n Populus albx x P.glandulosa induced by anther culture. W.P.M. medium influenced greater growth of callus in the subculture than W.S. Different kinds of phytohormone in the first culture and subculture showed better growth than the same kinds. Particularly, the callus obtained from the first cultivation on medium containing 0.1 ppm and 2.0 ppm of NAA increased when subcultured on medium containing 2,4-D, while that from the first cultivation on medium containing 0.05, 1.00 and 2.50 ppm of BAP when subcultured on medium containing 2,4-D did. The number of rooting in callus when cultured on medium containing BAP Kinetine was the best in the first culture and its differences were not significant between subculture mediam of W.P.M. and W.S. The rooting was the best when obtain from the first subcultured on W.P.M. medium containing 0.1 or 1.0 ppm of NAA callus culture on GD medium containing 2.50 ppm of BAP was. The number of shoots induced from callus showed no difference between NAA and BAP in the first culture and they were good, however, the 1st culture of the containing of 2,4-D showed no effectiveness. And the shooting of W.P.M. was effective than W.S. medium. Callus grown on G.D. medium containing 2.50 ppm BAP in the first culture was the best in shooting when subcultured on W.P.M. media containing 0.1 ppm BAP. The average rate of rooting from the shoot under the 6 Klux/16 hrs was 85.7% in the containing of NNA on G.D., showing the most high rate of rooting and showing the best growth of shoot. But the formation of callus of shoot was poor. For the test of kinds of medium influencing the rooting from shoot, the rate of roots of W.S. medium was 65% in the test of containing NAA 0.1 ppm, showing the highest rate G.D. and M.S. medium were lowest. The influence given to the rooting by the mixture of hormone was 80% in NAA 0.1 + IBA 0.7 + 2,4-D 0.1 ppm on G.D. medium. It was shown that higher the concentration of containing 2,4-D, lower the rate of rooting. The rate of rooting from cutting in medium three times by lower temperature treatment of 10℃ for one day per 7 days was 95%, indicating 25% increase compared with control. The elongation of shoot per unit reriod increased to 15%. But the rate of growth of callus of stem tip was very poor. The phenomena of rooting under the condition of 600-700 lux for 16 hrs on the shoot of 2nd and 4n was as follows; the rate of rooting and number of root per shoot were highest in the containing of IBA 0.1 ppm in 2n, and the elongation of shoot was good. Generally, in 4n the phenomena was same as 2n and better NAA 0.7 ppm. The phenomena of rooting from the shoot of 2n and 4n under the illumination of 24 hrs showed the same trend in the condition of illumination of 16 hrs. But generally, the growth of shoot showed the trend of some increase. And BAP testing groups formed the branches of multiple shoot in 2n and 4n in both case. Juvenile cuttings were obtained by the plantlets hardened with the moisture in the terrarium.